2020高考英語大二輪復習 沖刺經(jīng)典專題 語法提分部分 1 八大句子成分教學案

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1、1.八大句子成分 一 主語——動作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者 主語是句子的主體，是句子所要說明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是誰或什么，除倒裝句外，一般位于句子的開頭。主語通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等充當。 ①The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is looking for new members right now. 我們學校乒乓球隊正在招收新隊員。(名詞短語作主語) ②To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start

2、our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday. 首先，我想強調(diào)的是下星期五上午10點在教學樓第8教室我們將開始下堂課。(從句作主語) ③Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us. 日常生活中養(yǎng)成好習慣對我們非常有益。(動名詞短語作主語) 即時練1　 ①不同的人喜歡不同的季節(jié)；我最喜歡的季節(jié)是春季。(名詞短語作主語) ______________ like different seasons

3、; ______________ is spring. ②與別人友好相處是你應該學會的第二件事。(不定式短語作主語) ______________________ is the second thing you should learn. ③我打算告訴你的是關于我們學校向你們班贈書之事。(從句作主語) ______________________ is about our school's donation of books to your class. 答案：①Different people; my favourite season?、赥o get along well with

4、 others?、踂hat I am going to tell you 二 謂語——主語的行為或狀態(tài) 英語中動詞一共分為三大類：實義動詞、連系動詞和助動詞，實義動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。實義動詞可以單獨作謂語，其他種類的動詞都不能單獨作謂語，連系動詞需要和表語構成謂語；助動詞及情態(tài)動詞需要和實義動詞一起構成謂語。 ①The earthquake happened in 2016. 地震發(fā)生在2016年。(實義動詞作謂語) ②The cake smells good. 蛋糕聞起來很好。(“連系動詞＋表語”作謂語) ③I have already filled in the

5、 application form. 我已經(jīng)填好了申請表。(“助動詞＋實義動詞”作謂語) 即時練2　 ①半小時后，我設法找到了正確答案。(實義動詞作謂語) Half an hour later, I ________ to find the correct answer. ②他早上七點起床時，腦海里突然有了個大計劃。(動詞或動詞短語作謂語) When he ____________ at 7：00 am, a big plan ____________ him. ③手表在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺潜匾?，但它的功能太簡單呆板了?系表結(jié)構作謂語) The watch _________

6、___ in our daily life, but its function __________________. ④對于組織課堂活動，我們可能有不同的觀點。(“情態(tài)動詞＋實義動詞”作謂語) We __________ different opinions in organizing class activities. 答案：①managed　②got up; occurred to?、踚s necessary; is too simple and dull?、躮ay have 三 賓語——動作的承受者 賓語是動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞或介詞的后面?？梢杂米髻e語的有

7、：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞或從句等。 ①If you are interested in the Chinese folk art, please e-mail me. 如果你對中國民間藝術感興趣，請給我發(fā)郵件。(名詞短語作賓語；代詞作賓語) ②I plan to go for an outing, and I would like to invite you to participate. 我計劃去郊游，我想邀請你參加。(不定式作賓語) ③I think all our classmates have learned a lot from our communication

8、 and the various activities. 我認為我們所有的同班同學從交流和各種各樣的活動中學到了很多東西。(從句作賓語) ④What he says suggests that he cares little about others' pain or trouble, even if they're his friends. 他說的話表明他很少關心他人的痛苦或困難，即使他們是他的朋友。(從句作賓語) 即時練3　 ①我已經(jīng)寫了申請書和個人簡歷。(名詞短語作賓語) I've already written ________________________. ②他突然

9、想在啟程之前再看看這座城市的美景。(動名詞短語作賓語) Suddenly he thought of ____________________ before setting out. ③我們的成功取決于我們彼此合作的良好程度。(從句作賓語) Our success depends on _____________________. 答案：①the application letter and personal resume ②seeing the beautiful views of the city again ③how well we can cooperate with on

10、e another 四 表語——主語的特征 表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等，位于系動詞之后，與之構成系表結(jié)構?？梢杂米鞅碚Z的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語或從句等。 ①His theory sounds reasonable. 他的理論聽起來是合理的。(形容詞作表語) ②All the people are in high spirits. 所有的人都情緒高漲。(介詞短語作表語) 即時練4　 ①這次展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護。(名詞作表語) The theme of the show is __________________. ②

11、那時，我成了全班的焦點，充滿了自豪和自信。(形容詞短語作表語) At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was ______________________. ③幾分鐘過去了，但是整個班級一片寂靜。(介詞短語作表語) Several minutes passed but the whole class was ________________________. 答案：①environmental protection?、趂ull of great pride and confidence?、踚n complet

12、e silence 五 定語——名詞的修飾語 定語是用來描述名詞的品質(zhì)與特征的修飾語，它常和名詞構成名詞短語。單個詞作定語時常放在被修飾詞之前，而短語或從句作定語時往往放在被修飾詞之后?？梢杂米鞫ㄕZ的有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動名詞、分詞或從句等。 Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. 歡迎任何感興趣的同學參加。(who引導的從句作定語) 即時練5　 ①我們可能有各種各樣應對此類情形的方法。(不定式短語作定語) We may have various ways _______

13、___________. ②據(jù)報道，同學們提供的所有書籍都在幾天前送給了鄉(xiāng)下的孩子們。(過去分詞短語作定語) All the books ____________________ are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day. ③李華多么后悔把寶貴的時間浪費在玩電腦游戲上！(從句作定語) How Li Hua regretted the valuable time ________________________！ ④你認識那位住在隔壁的婦女嗎？(從句作定語) Do y

14、ou know the woman ________________？ 答案：①to deal with such a situation?、趏ffered by the students?、?that) he had spent on the computer games ④who lives next door 六 狀語——動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子的修飾語 狀語是用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的一種成分?？梢杂米鳡钫Z的有：副詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、獨立主格結(jié)構或從句等。 ①Visiting this exhibition, we will not

15、only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot. 參觀展覽時，我們不僅能欣賞民間藝術作品，而且能學習很多知識。(分詞作狀語) ②After every game we will select the best players. 每次比賽之后我們將選出最佳選手。(介詞短語作狀語) ③If you join, you may send your information to intlpssppt@. 要是你參加，請把信息發(fā)送到郵箱intlpssppt@。(從句作狀語) 即時練6　 ①旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高興。(

16、介詞短語和形容詞作狀語) __________________， he returned home, __________________. ②為了解決這個問題，我和同學們進行了討論，想出了一個建議并匯報給了校長。(不定式短語作狀語) ________________， my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported it to the headmaster. 答案：①After a week's trip; tired but very happy?、赥o solve

17、 this problem 七 補足語——對主語或賓語的補充說明 補足語是一種補充主語或賓語意義的句子成分。補充主語意義的句子成分叫作主語補足語；補充賓語意義的句子成分叫作賓語補足語?？梢杂米餮a足語的有：形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞或介詞短語等。 Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult things in my life. 夏天使我精力充沛，我感到我有力量去做我一生中最難做的事。(形容詞短語作賓補) 即時練7　 ①科普書能幫助我們學生對科學和自然更感

18、興趣。(不定式短語作賓補) Popular science books can help us students __________________________. ②為了學好英語，我們應該找機會盡可能多地聽別人說英語。(過去分詞作賓補) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ____________ as much as possible. ③我希望變化沒有給你帶來太多的麻煩。(名詞作賓補) I hope the change will not cause you ________

19、____. 答案：①(to) become more interested in science and nature?、趕poken?、踭oo much trouble 八 同位語——同等重要的修飾語 對句子中的名詞或代詞的進一步解釋、說明，與前面的成分在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位語?？梢杂米魍徽Z的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、動名詞或從句等。 ①There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts. 毫無疑問，通過我的努力我會提高它的聲譽。(從句作同位語) ②Per

20、sonally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. 就我個人而言，我更喜歡“長江之行”，長江是中國最長的河流、中華文明母親河之一。(名詞短語作同位語) 即時練8　 ①他們?nèi)齻€想一起步行周游世界。(數(shù)詞作同位語) They __________ want to travel around the world together on foot. ②我們打算去當?shù)匾患揖蠢显哼^即將到來的重陽節(jié)，該節(jié)日顯示了我們

21、對老年人的尊重。(名詞作同位語) We are going to go to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, ________________ for us to show our respect for the elderly. ③我認為，我們應該去幫助他們克服目前的困難。(從句作同位語) I hold the opinion __________________________. 答案：①three?、赼 holiday?、踭hat we should go and help them (to

22、) overcome the current difficulty [過關練] Ⅰ.分析句子成分 1. . ①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ ⑤________ 答案：①狀語?、谥髡Z?、壑^語?、苜e語　⑤狀語 2. . ①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ 答案：①狀語　②主語?、壑^語　④賓語 3. . ①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ ⑤________ 答案：①主語?、谥^語　③賓語?、苜e補　⑤狀語 4.

23、. ①________ ②________ ③________ 答案：①主語　②定語?、壑^語(系動詞＋表語) 5. . ①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ 答案：①狀語　②主語?、壑^語?、苤餮a 6. . ①________ ②________ ③________ 答案：①主語?、谥^語　③同位語 Ⅱ.按要求完成下面短文 Dear Mr Headmaster， I'm Li Yue, __1__ (高三一班的學生，用名詞作同位語). I am writing to draw your attention to improp

24、er behaviour, __2__ [其中最常見的是隨意亂涂(scribble)和亂丟垃圾(litter)，用定語從句]. It makes our school __3__ (臟亂不堪，用形容詞作賓補) and does harm to the image of our shool. I always feel ashamed __4__ (每當我看到這點時，用狀語從句). It is not appropriate __5__ (對學生來說隨意亂涂和亂丟垃圾，用不定式的復合結(jié)構作真正主語). I wonder __6__ (是否學校能夠放置更多的垃圾箱，用賓語從句) and set u

25、p special rules against such behaviour. At the same time, students __7__ (應該被鼓勵，用被動語態(tài)作謂語) to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become __8__ (一個更令人愉快的地方，用名詞短語作表語) in the near future. Thank you for yo

26、ur consideration. Yours faithfully， Li Yue 1．____________________　2.____________________ 3．____________________　4.____________________ 5．____________________　6.____________________ 7．____________________　8.____________________ 答案：1.a student from Class 1, Senior 3　2.of which scribbling and littering are the most common　3.dirty and unpleasant　4.whenever I see this　5.for a student to scribble and litter　6.if/whether the school could place more dustbins　7.should be encouraged　8.a more enjoyable place - 7 -