備戰(zhàn)2019年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 考點(diǎn)05 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)（含解析）

《備戰(zhàn)2019年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 考點(diǎn)05 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《備戰(zhàn)2019年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 考點(diǎn)05 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)（含解析）（19頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 考點(diǎn)05 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ) 高考頻度：★★★★★ 【命題解讀】 介詞在英語(yǔ)中比較活躍，然而在高考中直接考查介詞的題不是很多，但是介詞卻是考生最容易犯錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一。 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】 預(yù)計(jì)2019年高考對(duì)介詞的考查將不再局限于單個(gè)介詞，將會(huì)更加注重對(duì)介詞固定搭配中的介詞的考查，精細(xì)化考查介詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時(shí)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握介詞的基本用法，同時(shí)注意總結(jié)其與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的意思和用法。 【復(fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握介詞的常見(jiàn)用法及易混介詞的辨析； 2. 掌握介詞與其他詞所構(gòu)成的一些固定短語(yǔ)； 3. 掌握在定語(yǔ)從句中介

2、詞的使用情況。 介詞的分類 分類 特點(diǎn) 例詞 簡(jiǎn)單介詞 即一個(gè)介詞 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。 合成介詞 由兩個(gè)介詞構(gòu)成合成詞 into, onto, throughout, upon, within 短語(yǔ)介詞 由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。 雙重介詞 由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成 from among,

3、from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。 分詞介詞 由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái) considering(就……而論), including，regarding，concerning等。 兼類介詞 由形容詞直接轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái) like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。 考向① 介詞短語(yǔ)的功能 介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。 介詞短語(yǔ)的功能 例 句 作定語(yǔ) They didn’t fi

4、nd the solution to the problem. 作狀語(yǔ) We have breakfast at seven.（表時(shí)間） They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因） What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法） Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表?xiàng)l件） 作表語(yǔ) When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at

5、 home. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) I found the old building in a bad condition. 考向② ?？冀樵~的辨析 介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類之一，使用頻率相當(dāng)高，其用法跟冠詞一樣復(fù)雜。但根據(jù)近年來(lái)高考命題的情況來(lái)看，考生需要掌握以下內(nèi)容。 1.表示相同或相似概念的介詞（短語(yǔ)）的區(qū)別 表示的概念 介詞（短語(yǔ)） 區(qū) 別 例 時(shí)間 in on at at在一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上； in在一段的時(shí)間之內(nèi)； on在具體日子。 ①at 8 o’clock, at noon ②in the 1990s, in January ③on Monday,

6、 on a warm morning since from since 指從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，和完成時(shí)連用； from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始。 ①We have not seen each other since 1995. ②I hope to do morning exercises from today. in, after in指在一段時(shí)間之后，也可以指一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)=within； after表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后或用在過(guò)去時(shí)的一段時(shí)間中。 ①We’ll be back in three days. ②After seven the rain began to

7、 fall. ③What shall we do after graduation? in the end at the end of by the end of in the end作＂最后＂、＂終于＂解，單獨(dú)作句子成分，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示＂在……末梢＂，＂到……盡頭＂，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體，不可單獨(dú)使用；by the end of 作 ＂在……結(jié)束時(shí)＂， ＂到……末為止＂解，只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。 ①In the end they reached a place of safety. ②At the end of the roa

8、d stands a beautiful garden. ③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. ④By the end of last month he had finished the novel. 位置 between among 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。 ①You are to sit between your father and me. ②He is always happy among his classmates. 注意

9、：但有時(shí)說(shuō)的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西， 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系時(shí)、在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)以及在談事物間的差別時(shí)，就用between。 ①Agreements were made between the different countries. ②The little valley lies between high mountains. ③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin. in on to in表示在某范圍內(nèi)； on指與什么毗鄰； to指在某環(huán)境范圍之

10、外。 ①Changchun is in the northeast of China. ②Mongolia is on the north of China. ③Japan is to the east of China. on in on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 ①There is a book on the piece of paper. ②There is an interesting article in the newspaper. ③ He dug a hole in the wall. in into in通常表示位置（靜態(tài)）；

11、 into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置。 ①We walked in the park. ②We walked into the park. through across through表示從內(nèi)部通過(guò)，與in 有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)。 ①Water flows through the pipe. ②The old man walked across the street. in the corner on the corner at the corner in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the co

12、rner表示＂在角上＂，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指＂在拐角處＂，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。 ①The lamp stands in the corner of the room. ②I met with him at the street corner. ③He sat on the corner of the table. 除了 besides except but except for besides指＂除了……還有，再加上＂；except指＂除了，減去什么＂，不能放在句首。but 與except意思近似，表示＂除了……

13、外＂經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問(wèn)詞后面。except for表示＂如無(wú)……就，只是＂表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。 ①All went out besides me. ②All went out except me. ③I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. ④His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 表示的概念 構(gòu)成 例 動(dòng)作（表進(jìn)行概念、表被動(dòng)的關(guān)系） at+名詞 at dinner/

14、table在吃飯 at work在工作 at war交戰(zhàn) at cards 在玩牌??????? ??? at work 在辦公 at play? 在玩耍 ???? at rest在休息??????? school在上學(xué)????? ?at press正在排印 at church在做禮拜 beyond+名詞 beyond?belief難以置信 ? beyond?control不聽管教。 beyond?compare無(wú)可比擬 beyond?description難以形容 beyond?expression無(wú)法表達(dá)

15、 beyond?suspicion無(wú)可懷疑 in+名詞 或in?+名詞+of+名詞 in the army在當(dāng)兵 in need of需要 in action在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) in progress在進(jìn)行 in operation在運(yùn)行中 in?use?開始使用 in?sight看得見(jiàn) in?store貯藏著 in?course?of?construction正在興建當(dāng)中。 in?(good)?repair維修良好的 in?course?of?shipment.?定的貨正在運(yùn)輸途中。 in?charge?of?負(fù)責(zé)?????

16、????????????????????????in?the?charge?of?由……負(fù)責(zé) in?possession?of?擁有??????????????????????in?the?possession?of?被……擁有 on+名詞 on business辦事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假 on watch值班 on duty值勤/日 on guard在值勤 on strike在罷工 on sale出售 on loan借貸 on the m

17、arch在行軍 on?trial在試用 on the air在廣播　　 on?fire在燃燒 on the move 在移動(dòng)，搬遷，離開 on?show/display/ exhibition在展出 under+名詞 under control在控制之中 under discussion在討論 underdevelopment在發(fā)展中 under observation在觀察中 under test在被測(cè)試 under construction在建設(shè)中 under fire在炮火中??

18、????? under examination在檢查/調(diào)查中 under consideration在考慮中 under repair在修理中 under?arrest被逮捕 under?attack受到襲擊 under?medical?treatment在治療中 under?study在研究中 其他 against one’s opinion反對(duì)某人的見(jiàn)解 for one’s opinion同意某人的見(jiàn)解 above?reproach無(wú)可指責(zé)，無(wú)可非議 above?suspicion不受懷疑 above?criti

19、cism無(wú)可指責(zé) at the mercy of在……支配下；任由……擺布 for?sale供出售 for?rent供出租 within?sight看得見(jiàn) 1.（2017·新課標(biāo)卷I·短文改錯(cuò)）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, he agreed. 【答案】刪除for 【解析】時(shí)間名詞有every，each，last等詞修飾時(shí)，其前不用介詞。故刪除for。 2. （2017·新課標(biāo)卷III·語(yǔ)法填空）I was searchi

20、ng ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. 【答案】for 3.（2017·北京·單項(xiàng)填空）Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by 【答案】B 【解析】句意：許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業(yè)來(lái)謀生的。此處用介詞in,不用by,因?yàn)閎y后面通常接做什么事情來(lái)謀生，此處是指在捕魚這個(gè)行業(yè)里，在這個(gè)行

21、業(yè)里謀生，用in，故選B。 4.（2017·江蘇·單項(xiàng)填空）Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to 【答案】D 5. （2017·北京·單項(xiàng)填空）When you drive through the Redwood For

22、ests in California, you will be ___________ trees that are over 1,000 years old. A. among B. against C. behind D. below 【答案】A 【解析】句意：當(dāng)你開車穿過(guò)加利福尼亞的紅木森林時(shí)，你將會(huì)穿梭于超過(guò)千年歷史的樹木之間。be among 位于……之間；be against 反對(duì)；be behind 在……后面；be below在……之下。根據(jù)句意，故選A。 6. （2017·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空）It ran for just

23、 under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __crowds__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ work. 【答案】A from 【解析】考查介詞，to and from來(lái)回，故填from。 2.常見(jiàn)同一形容詞與不同介詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差別 常見(jiàn)形容詞 搭配 意義 absent (be) absent from 缺席 (be) absent in 不在這里而在…… afraid (be) afraid of

24、 擔(dān)心…… (be) afraid for 為……而擔(dān)心 angry (be) angry with sb. 對(duì)某人生氣 (be) angry at/about sth. 因某事而生氣 anxious (be)anxious for sth 急于想得到 (be)anxious about sth./sb. 對(duì)某事/某人擔(dān)心 different (be) different from 與……不同 (be) different to 不關(guān)心 familiar (be) familiar with 精通，熟悉 (be) familiar to 為……熟知

25、（悉） good (be) good at 擅長(zhǎng)于 (be) good for 對(duì)……有益 (be) good to 對(duì)……友好/態(tài)度好 popular (be) popular with sb. 受……歡迎 (be) popular for 因……而流行 strict (be) strict with sb. 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格 (be) strict in sth. 對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格 3．容易混淆的含有介詞固定搭配的詞組 類 型 舉 例 差一冠詞，大相徑庭 in front of（在……前面)——in the front of（在……前部）

26、 in charge of（負(fù)責(zé)）——in the charge of（由……負(fù)責(zé)） out of question（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)）——out of the question（不可能） at table（在吃飯；在吃飯時(shí)）——at the table（在桌子旁邊） 有無(wú)介詞，意義不同 know sb.認(rèn)識(shí)某人——know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.擊中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射擊 search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜尋某人 believe sb.相信

27、某人的話——believe in sb.信任某人的人格 benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.從某人那里得到益處 畫蛇添足，誤加介詞 serve the people為人民服務(wù)（容易在serve后加for） enter the room進(jìn)入房間（容易在enter后加into） follow me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind） marry sb.與某人結(jié)婚（容易在marry后加with） go abroad出國(guó)（容易在go后面加to） live upstairs住在樓上（容易在

28、live后面加 in） 母語(yǔ)思維，誤用介詞 be caught in the rain被雨淋著（不用by） leave for some place動(dòng)身去某地（不用to） set an example to sb.為某人樹立榜樣（不用for） in the direction朝著……方向（不用to） do a favor for sb.幫某人一個(gè)忙（不用to） different from和……不同（不用with） with the help of在……的幫助下（不用under）

29、 steal sth. from sb.偷某人的東西（不用of） read sth. to sb.給（為）……讀（念）……（不用for） 【難點(diǎn)釋疑】 一、常用介詞辨異 1. about，on，of 關(guān)于 ①on多用于慎重的、正式的語(yǔ)言交際場(chǎng)合。常見(jiàn)于＂學(xué)術(shù)上＂的＂論文＂或＂演說(shuō)＂等題目，可供專門研究這一問(wèn)題的人閱讀，有＂論及＂之意。 ②about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式，有＂述及＂之意。 ③of作＂關(guān)于＂講，表示提及、涉及某人（事）時(shí)，只表示事情存在或發(fā)生，并不涉及詳情；有時(shí)與about意義相近，但有時(shí)意義很不同，常與動(dòng)詞know、hear、learn（聽說(shuō)）、spe

30、ak、talk、think、tell等連用。 2. except，except for，except that，but，besides，beside ①except＂除……之外＂，指不包括……，后面常接名詞、代詞（人稱代詞常用賓格），還可接介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞和動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于but，但不定式常不帶to。 ②except for＂除了，只有＂，意思和except一樣，主要指說(shuō)明基本情況后，而在細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正，后面常接名詞性短語(yǔ)。 ③except that＂除了，只是＂，意思和except、except for一樣。但在用法上，其后常接名詞性從句，也可接when、where

31、等詞引導(dǎo)的其他從句。 ④but所含＂除……外＂的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞（主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞）之后。 ⑤besides表示＂除……外還有＂，所排除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內(nèi)。另外，besides可用作副詞，相當(dāng)于also，有＂而且，加之，何況＂之意。 ⑥beside也是介詞，表示＂在附近＂，只不過(guò)形似besides，容易相互混淆。 如果在區(qū)別前后有同類的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用except，否則就用except for。 3. including，included ①including是一個(gè)介詞，意為＂包括＂，它一般放在包括對(duì)象的前面。

32、 ②included是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，意為＂包括＂。它一般用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，也可放在包括對(duì)象的后面。 4. in，later，during 都與時(shí)段名詞搭配 ①in作介詞，同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即＂in + 時(shí)段名詞＂，一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)。 ②later表示＂……以后＂，常同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即＂時(shí)段名詞 + later＂，常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用。 ③during作介詞時(shí)，同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即＂during + 時(shí)段名詞＂，常與現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)等連用。 5. in，with，by 用 ①with通常指＂用＂具體的或有形的工具、器官等，有時(shí)也表示＂用＂某種手段、音調(diào)等。 ②by作介詞表示＂

33、用＂時(shí)，一般指＂用＂方式、手段等。后面常接動(dòng)名詞或名詞，后面接名詞時(shí)，該名詞前面一般不加修飾語(yǔ)。 ③in指＂用＂語(yǔ)言、字體、墨水、體裁、風(fēng)格、方式、現(xiàn)金、順序等。 二、介詞的省略 1. 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等時(shí)，介詞常省略。 Come any day you like. 你想哪天來(lái)就哪天來(lái)。 2. 表示時(shí)間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作＂每一……＂解時(shí)，前面不用介詞。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天吃一個(gè)蘋果，醫(yī)生不找我。 3. 習(xí)慣搭配中介

34、詞的省略 一些常和動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常省略，常見(jiàn)的此類搭配有：spend money/time (in) doing sth，waste money/time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。 三、介詞不可遺漏的情況 1. 含有不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式在形容詞easy，hard，difficult，comfortable等后作狀語(yǔ)，且構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，介

35、詞不能遺漏。 The chair is comfortable to sit on/in. 這把椅子坐著舒服。 The man is difficult to work with. 這個(gè)人很難共事。 2. 當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，相關(guān)介詞也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很值得關(guān)注。 3. 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞不能遺漏。 Your pronunciation should be paid attention to. 你應(yīng)該注意你的發(fā)音。 4. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)和先行詞構(gòu)

36、成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且從句謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須加上介詞。 The library which we often go to is not far away from our school. 我們經(jīng)常去的那個(gè)圖書館離我們的學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。 5. 在too...to...，enough... to...，so... as to...等結(jié)構(gòu)中，含有不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，且該動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主語(yǔ)為不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，介詞不能遺漏。 The ice is too thin to skate on. 冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 單句

37、改錯(cuò) 1. I lent to her some money in order that she could go for a holiday. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Joe wasted a lot time before he got down to work. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. The biggest

38、 problem was in that almost all communication systems were destroyed. _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Only a few months ago, this area suffered by the worst drought in a century. _________________________________________________________________

39、________ 5. It was very kind for them to invite me to visit their country. _________________________________________________________________________ 6. Appreciate and honor what you have instead focusing on what you do not. _______________________________________________________________

40、__________ 7. The boy wanted to join in the army but was turned down because he was under age. _________________________________________________________________________ 8. I just couldn’t laugh to his jokes the way I used to. ______________________________________________________________

41、___________ 題組二 能力提升 I.單項(xiàng)填空 1.This experience teaches me a lesson: Never judge a person simply ________ the first impression. A.in the form of B. with the help of C. on the basis of D.in case of 2.It was quite________ me why people preferred to go to the island on such a cold ni

42、ght. A. against B. over C. beyond D. above 3. ________ our disagreements, we have been able to find some common ground. A. Beyond B. For C. Despite D. By 4.Sometimes it’s tough to get off the couch and go for a run. With so many digital devices at your fingertips,

43、 how can you possibly keep________? A.in turn B.in shape C.in return D.in charge 5.I feel that one of my main duties ________a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. A. for B. like C.as D. with 6.These comments came specific questio

44、ns often asked by local newsmen. A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of 7.Most people work because it’s unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work. A. As a result B. In addition C. By co

45、ntrast D. In conclusion 8.A common memory they all have_______ their school days is the school uniform. A. of B. on C. to D. with 9.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_________nature. A. in view of B. in

46、need of C.in touch with 　 D. in harmony with 10.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison. A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for II.語(yǔ)篇填空 As I walked __1__the city streets，I passed a young man se

47、arching through a small block of land that contained a mix of leaves and rubbish. I was somewhat puzzled why someone __2__him would be searching through rubbish. Finding this a little odd，I asked him，＂What are you searching __3__？＂ He replied very simply that he was looking for money. After talking

48、 __4__him for a little longer，I found out that he had become homeless after getting laid __5__ from his job. Since then，he had been working __6__ part-time jobs in a doctor's office and in a food bank to earn some money. But he made so little that he lost heart. The man seemed fairly talented，althou

49、gh he was a little dirty. I told him that our thoughts create our reality，and I suggested that he not give __7__ and think __8__ a positive way. During the whole talk，what I stressed was that he was young and that everything was possible. Although he didn't respond __9__ the spot，my sense told me

50、that what I said seemed to have an effect __10__ him. 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1. （2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·完形填空）I still can’t believe what a coincidence it was. I’m just so glad I was there ___60___ to help my son. A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose 2. （2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·短文改錯(cuò)）They would sa

51、y to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 3. （2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空） —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at

52、4. （2018·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding of China globally. A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of 5. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.

53、 A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random 6.（2017·天津·單項(xiàng)填空）We offer an excellent education to our students. ___________, we expect students to work hard. A. On average B. At best C. In return D. After all 7.（2017·天津·完形填空）… My goal was to l

54、ose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 25 a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. A. in search of B. in need of C. in place of D. in support of 8. （2017·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and l

55、ess salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effects) (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 9. （2017·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯(cuò)）It was a relief an

56、d I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. 10. （2017·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)）They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful information from the internet. 11.（2016·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空）The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was pu

57、blished. A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach 12.（2016·浙江卷·單項(xiàng)填空）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us. A. on B. in C. at D. about 13.（2016·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II·語(yǔ)法填空）Mo

58、st of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 14.（2016·浙江）That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he’s reliable. A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing 15.

59、（2015·重慶）Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average. A. below B. on C. at D. above 題組一基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 單句改錯(cuò) 1. 去掉to 【解析】句意：我借給她一些錢，以便她能去度假。動(dòng)詞lend后可接雙賓語(yǔ)，所以to多余。 2. 在time 前加of 【解析】句意：?jiǎn)淘陂_始工作前浪費(fèi)了不少時(shí)間。a lot of為固定用法，意為＂許多＂，后接可數(shù)名詞

60、復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞。注意：a lot為副詞短語(yǔ)，表程度。 3. 去掉in 【解析】句意：最大的難題是，幾乎所有的通訊系統(tǒng)都被破壞了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 4. by → from 【解析】句意：僅在幾個(gè)月前，這個(gè)地區(qū)遭受了一次本世紀(jì)以來(lái)最為嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)。suffer from為固定用法，意為＂忍受，遭受＂。 6. 在instead后加of 【解析】句意：感激并且尊重你所擁有的，而不是將注意力放在你沒(méi)有的東西上。instead of 為復(fù)合介詞，意為＂而不是＂。 7. 去掉 in 【解析】句意：這個(gè)男孩想?yún)④?，但因?yàn)槟昙o(jì)小被拒絕了。join表示＂參加

61、，加入(某個(gè)組織)＂時(shí)， 后面不加介詞in；表示＂參加(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))＂時(shí)，才加 in。 8. 第一個(gè)to → at 【解析】句意：我就是不能像以前那樣因他講的笑話而發(fā)笑。laugh at為固定搭配，意為＂嘲笑，因……而發(fā)笑＂。 題組二能力提升 I.單項(xiàng)填空 1.C 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。in the form of＂以……的形式＂，with the help of＂在……的幫助下＂，on the basis of ＂以……為基礎(chǔ)＂，in case of＂如果，假使＂。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知選C。 2.C 【解析】考查介詞。句意：我很不理解為什么人們?cè)敢庠谀菢永涞囊粋€(gè)晚上登那個(gè)島。ag

62、ainst＂反對(duì)＂，over＂翻越，在……上面＂，above＂在……上面，超過(guò)＂，均不符合句意。be beyond sb.＂某人無(wú)法理解＂，符合句意，故選C。 3.C 【解析】考查介詞的用法。句意：盡管我們存在分歧，但仍能找到一些共同點(diǎn)。despite＂即使，盡管＂，符合句意。 4.B 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：有時(shí)，很難從沙發(fā)上站起來(lái)，稍微活動(dòng)一下。手邊有那么多數(shù)碼設(shè)備，你怎么可能保持健康呢？in shape＂健康＂，符合句意。in turn＂輪流，相應(yīng)地＂；in return ＂作為回報(bào)＂；in charge＂負(fù)責(zé)＂。? 5.C 【解析】句意：我覺(jué)得作為教師，其主要職責(zé)

63、之一就是幫助學(xué)生成為更好的學(xué)習(xí)者。as作介詞有＂作為＂的意思，符合語(yǔ)境。? 6.B 【解析】句意：這些評(píng)論是對(duì)某些經(jīng)常被當(dāng)?shù)匦侣勅藛?wèn)到的問(wèn)題的回應(yīng)。in memory of紀(jì)念； in response to回應(yīng)； in touch with聯(lián)系；in possession of擁有。分析句子成分知道空格處充當(dāng)介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的作用，根據(jù)常識(shí)和句意，評(píng)論應(yīng)該是對(duì)問(wèn)題的回應(yīng)。所以答案是B。 8.A 【解析】考查介詞辨析。of關(guān)于，表示從屬關(guān)系； on表示在……之上； to表示對(duì)于； with表示和……在一起。句意：他們共有的關(guān)于他們學(xué)校的記憶是校服。have a memory of對(duì)…

64、…有記憶，是固定短語(yǔ)，故選A。 9.D 【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。 in view of在……眼里； in need of需要； in touch with和……接觸； In harmony with與……和諧相處。這四個(gè)短語(yǔ)后面都應(yīng)該接名詞，該句意思為：人的生活是自然的一部分，因此，我們生存下來(lái)的唯一的方法就是與自然和諧相處。根據(jù)句意，故選D。 10.D 【解析】句意：要不是愛(ài)迪生的發(fā)明，今天我們身邊享用的很多東西都將不復(fù)存在。thanks to ＂多虧＂，具有很強(qiáng)的迷惑性，如將題干改成＂_____?Thomas ?Edison, now?we?can?benefit?from man

65、y?of?the?things ?around?us.＂則選A項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)＂不管，不顧＂；C項(xiàng)＂除了＂；D項(xiàng)＂要不是＂，常用于隱藏式（含蓄式）虛擬條件句。故選D項(xiàng)。 II.語(yǔ)篇填空 1.along/down　 2.like　 3.for　 4.with　 5.off　 6.on　 7.up　 8.in　 9.on　 10.on 題組三體驗(yàn)真題 1. B 【解析】考查介詞詞組詞義辨析。我高興的是我在那兒及時(shí)幫助了我的兒子。A. on board在船上；B. in time及時(shí)；C. for sure肯定；D. on purpose目的。故選B項(xiàng)切題。 2.

66、for改為with 【解析】考查介詞。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一塊玩游戲”，故把for改為with。 3.A 【解析】考查介詞。句意：——早上好，Lee先生辦公室?！缟虾?。我想預(yù)約下周三下午（和Mr. Lee見(jiàn)面）。make an appointment for意為“為……預(yù)約”，是固定搭配，故A選項(xiàng)正確。 4.A 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：中國(guó)的軟實(shí)力增長(zhǎng)與日俱增全球?qū)χ袊?guó)的賞識(shí)和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；與...一致；B. in reply to答復(fù)；C. in return for作為 ... 的報(bào)酬；D. in honour of為紀(jì)念。故選A。 6.C 【解析】句意：我們給我們的學(xué)生們提供極好的教育，作為回報(bào)，我們期待我們的學(xué)生們努力學(xué)習(xí)。A. 平均起來(lái)，一般說(shuō)來(lái)；B. 最多，充其量；C. 作為回報(bào)；D. 畢竟，終究。根據(jù)句意故選C。 7. D 【解析】根據(jù)上文raise $50,000可知，此處表示＂為了支持三十年前為了結(jié)束饑餓而創(chuàng)辦的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)＂。A. 為了尋找；B. 需要；C