三年高考(2017-2019)高考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編 專(zhuān)題19 完形填空夾敘夾議文(含解析)
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1、三年(2017-2019)高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編 專(zhuān)題19 完形填空夾敘夾議文 一、2019年高考真題 1. 【2019·全國(guó)卷I】 閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place
2、. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences. However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among ton
3、s of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___. The best of a Kilimanjaro ___50___, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are _
4、__51___ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ___52___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___53___ go through five ecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ___54___ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather
5、 ___55___ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ___56___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ___57___: gravel(礫石), stones and rocks. ___58___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___59___ snow and the glaciers tha
6、t may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro ___60___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true. 41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring 42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters 43. A. position B. age C. face D.
7、 name 44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy 45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate 46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones 47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean 48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary 49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading a
8、way 50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight 51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded 52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose 53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials 54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to 55. A. changes B
9、. clears C. improves D. permits 56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add 57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake 58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally 59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial 60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。每年有4萬(wàn)登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力
10、馬扎羅山,他們帶來(lái)了垃圾,破壞了這里的環(huán)境。再加上冰川的消失,改變著它的地貌。對(duì)此作者對(duì)這個(gè)地方很是懷疑,想一探究竟。當(dāng)他來(lái)到這里,他發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保措施很到位,同時(shí)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)乞力馬扎羅山有多種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。作者認(rèn)為乞力馬扎羅山不應(yīng)該被譽(yù)為一座擠滿(mǎn)了破壞寧?kù)o氛圍的游客的擁擠的山峰。 41.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. keep保持;B. mix混合;C. connect聯(lián)系;D. bring帶來(lái)。句意:他們帶來(lái)了很多的垃圾。由“l(fā)ots of waste”可知,登山者帶來(lái)了很多的垃圾。故D選項(xiàng)切題。 42.C 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. stories故事;B. buildings建筑物
11、;C. crowds人群;D. reporters記者。句意:人群可能會(huì)破壞這個(gè)地方的美。由“40,000”可知,這是一個(gè)龐大的群體。故C選項(xiàng)切題。 43. C 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A.position位置;B.age年齡;C. face外貌;D. name名字。句意:冰川正在消失,改變著乞力馬扎羅山的地貌。冰川是乞力馬扎羅山地貌之一,所以冰山融化會(huì)改變它的地貌。故C選項(xiàng)切題。 44. B 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. silent 沉默的;B. skepetical懷疑的;C. serious嚴(yán)肅的;D. crazy瘋狂的。句意:聽(tīng)到這些故事,我對(duì)這個(gè)地方產(chǎn)生了懷疑——其他旅游地被
12、描述為“更純粹”的自然體驗(yàn)。由下文可知,作者親自來(lái)到了乞力馬扎羅山,作者想解開(kāi)這個(gè)懷疑。故be skepetical about“對(duì)……懷疑”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)切題。 45. A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. discover發(fā)現(xiàn);B. argue爭(zhēng)論;C. decide決定;D. advocate提倡。句意:然而,我很快發(fā)現(xiàn),自從那些令人不安的關(guān)于營(yíng)地周?chē)谐蓢嵉睦膱?bào)道出現(xiàn)以來(lái),情況發(fā)生了很大的變化。由“much has changed ”可知,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了很大的變化。故A選項(xiàng)切題。 46. C 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A.equipment裝備 ;B. grass 草C. camps
13、 營(yíng)地;D. stone石頭。句意:我很快發(fā)現(xiàn),自從那些令人不安的關(guān)于營(yíng)地周?chē)谐蓢嵉睦膱?bào)道出現(xiàn)以來(lái),情況發(fā)生了很大的變化。由下文“at camps ”可知,本句屬于原詞再現(xiàn)。故C選項(xiàng)切題。 47. D 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. remote遙遠(yuǎn)的;B. quiet安靜的C. tall高的; D. clean干凈的。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座干凈的山,營(yíng)地里和路邊都有廁所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知,營(yíng)地里和路邊都有廁所。所以這是一座干凈的山。故D選項(xiàng)切題。 48. C 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. new新的;B. s
14、pecial特殊的;C. significant相當(dāng)大的;D. necessary必要的。句意:環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是巨大的,但坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回報(bào)。根據(jù)前文可知,很多的登山者來(lái)到乞力馬扎羅山以及冰川可能會(huì)消失。這對(duì)于環(huán)境來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。故C選項(xiàng)切題。 49.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A. paying off還清,報(bào)償;B.spreading out伸展;C. blowing up爆炸;D. fading away;逐漸消退。句意:環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是巨大的,但坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回報(bào)。由“but”可知,前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,說(shuō)明坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理
15、局所做的努力似乎正在得到回報(bào)。故A選項(xiàng)切題。 50.B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. atmosphere氛圍;B. experience經(jīng)歷;C. experiment實(shí)驗(yàn);D.sight視力。句意:在我看來(lái),來(lái)乞力馬扎羅最好的經(jīng)歷并不是到達(dá)頂峰。登山就是人生的一種經(jīng)歷。故B選項(xiàng)切題。 51.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. studied學(xué)習(xí);B. observed觀察;C. explored探索;D. regarded認(rèn)為。句意:山被許多文化視為精神場(chǎng)所。由“spiritual space ”,可知,山被許多文化視為精神場(chǎng)所。be regarded as“被視為......”符合
16、句意。故D選項(xiàng)切題。 52. A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. view景色 ;B.quality質(zhì)量 ;C. reason原因;D. purpose目的 句意:在乞力馬扎羅,當(dāng)?shù)巧秸咴趲坠锏目臻g里穿越五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)時(shí),景色差異尤為明顯。有五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng),所以景色也是明顯的不同。故A選項(xiàng)切題。 53.B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. scientists科學(xué)家;B. climbers 登山者;C. locals當(dāng)?shù)厝耍?D. officials官員。句意:在乞力馬扎羅,當(dāng)?shù)巧秸咴趲坠锏目臻g里穿越五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)時(shí),景色尤為明顯。故A選項(xiàng)切題。來(lái)到乞力馬扎羅都是為了登山,也只有登山者能體驗(yàn)到五
17、個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故B選項(xiàng)切題。 54.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A.holding on to抓?。籅. going back to回到(原來(lái)的話(huà)題);C. living up to履行;D. giving way to向......讓步。句意:熱帶雨林在海拔3000米處突然到了盡頭,讓位于大片的低矮植物。這里指熱帶雨林在海拔3000米處突然到了盡頭,所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。 giving way to“向......讓步”符合句意。故D選項(xiàng)切題。 55.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. changes改變;B. clears放晴;C. improves提高; D.
18、permits允許。句意:再往上走,天氣變了--低云籠罩著被厚厚的草覆蓋的山腰。由“l(fā)ow clouds ”可知,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不同,天氣也是不同的,是變化的。故A選項(xiàng)切題。 56. C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. match匹配;B. imagine想象;C. count數(shù);D.add增加。句意:我從站的地方數(shù)出了十二種綠色。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者數(shù)出了十二種綠色。故C選項(xiàng)切題。 57.B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. village村莊; B. desert 沙漠,荒地;C. road馬路;D.lake湖 。句意:海拔4000米以上是高山寒漠:礫石
19、、石頭和巖石。由“grave,stones and rocks”可知,拔4000米以上是高山寒漠。故B選項(xiàng)切題。 58. D 【解析】考查副詞辨析。A.Obviously明顯地;B.Easily容易地;C.Consequently結(jié)果;D.Finally最后地。句意:海拔4000米以上是高地沙漠:礫石、石頭和巖石。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)最頂端也是最后一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是冰川地區(qū)。故D選項(xiàng)切題。 59. A 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. permanent.永久的;B.little小的;C.fresh新鮮的;D.artifical人造的。句意:很明顯,你爬進(jìn)了一個(gè)類(lèi)似北極的地帶,那里有著永久性的積雪和可能很
20、快消失的冰川。由“arctic -like zone”可知,這是一個(gè)類(lèi)似北極的地帶,所以有永久性的積雪。故A選項(xiàng)切題。 60.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. enjoy享受;B.deserve值得;C. save挽救;D. acquire獲得。句意:乞力馬扎羅山是一座擁擠的山,擠滿(mǎn)了成群的游客,破壞了寧?kù)o的氣氛,它值得這樣的名聲嗎?。這里作者在疑問(wèn)乞力馬扎羅山是不是應(yīng)該被譽(yù)為一座擠滿(mǎn)了破壞寧?kù)o氛圍的游客的擁擠的山峰。以此在對(duì)后面的回答做好鋪墊。故B選項(xiàng)切題。 2. 【2019·江蘇卷】 請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)
21、涂黑。 Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物種)that are ___36___ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence. Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes w
22、ith their ___38___. Emma, a female crane, has been in their ___39___ since she arrived in 2004. Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and
23、 become deeply attached to humans. She ___43___ to live with male cranes, and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them, which made it ___45___ for her to become a mother. ___46___, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(滅絕)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts,
24、 they successfully developed a ___47___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48___ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes. The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ___49___, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in
25、the wild is on the ___50___, and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. How can we ___52___ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim
26、 offered us the ___53___: human beings took it for granted that their ___54___ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better ___55___. 36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing 37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove 38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D.
27、administration 39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story 40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized 41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice 42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully 43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated 44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation 45.
28、 A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible 46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead 47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system 48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled 49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant 50. A.list B. rise C. agenda D. decline
29、 51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary 52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify 53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward 54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects 55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議類(lèi)的文章。在現(xiàn)代,野生動(dòng)物正在遭受巨大威脅,每天都有一些物種滅
30、絕。白鶴就是其中之一。但是,有很多人正在竭盡全力保護(hù)這些物種免于滅絕。Chris和Tim通過(guò)努力,幫助一只名叫Emma的雌鶴繁殖了五只幼鶴。 36.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“…the species from going out of existence”可以推知,野生動(dòng)物正在遭受巨大威脅,每天都有一些物種滅絕,即:“消失”。D選項(xiàng)正確。 37.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。前文提到每天都有物種消失,那么該句應(yīng)指科學(xué)家們正在竭盡全力保護(hù)這些物種,使
31、它們免于滅絕。故B選項(xiàng)正確。 38.C 【解析】考查名詞辨析。上文最后一句提到科學(xué)家們竭盡全力保護(hù)瀕臨滅絕的物種,由此推知,該處應(yīng)指Chris和Tim幫助瀕危物種繁殖,增加它們的數(shù)量,這樣它們才不至于滅絕。故該空應(yīng)指“繁殖”,C選項(xiàng)正確。 39.A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。自從2004年,Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顧。該空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼應(yīng)。故選A。 40.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“human caretakers”可知,caretaker當(dāng)然是照看Emma的。故該句應(yīng)指:出生在一個(gè)國(guó)際鶴基地,Emma由人類(lèi)撫養(yǎng)照看。故選C。
32、 41.B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的though(盡管)可知,though前后的兩個(gè)句子之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后面提到,她過(guò)得很開(kāi)心。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,那么前文應(yīng)該表示“但是這導(dǎo)致了出乎意料的結(jié)果”。B選項(xiàng)正確。 42A 【解析】考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“become deeply attached to humans…even …killing some of them”等內(nèi)容可知,因?yàn)镋mma一直由人類(lèi)照看,所以它沒(méi)有將自己看作是一只鶴,而是深深的依戀上了人類(lèi)。故選A。 43.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文,Emma不把自己當(dāng)作鶴,所以它“拒絕”和雄鶴生活在一起。B選
33、項(xiàng)正確。 44.D 【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)even(甚至)這個(gè)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系可知,Emma不僅拒絕和雄鶴生活在一起,而且因?yàn)榕懒藥字恍埴Q而“臭名昭著”。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 45.D 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Emma拒絕和雄鶴生活,這當(dāng)然使得她“不可能”生育小鶴,成為媽媽。D選項(xiàng)正確。 46.C 【解析】考查連詞辨析。上文提到Emma拒絕和雄鶴生活,使得她不可能生育小鶴。下文提到兩位動(dòng)物園管理員不想看到這一物種的滅絕。由此推知,上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。C選項(xiàng)正確。 47.A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。經(jīng)過(guò)努力,Chris和Tim成功的將“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”結(jié)合在一起。A選項(xiàng)正
34、確。 48.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Chris和Tim成功的將“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”結(jié)合在一起,這使得Emma誕育了五只幼鶴。enable sb. to do sth.意為“使……能夠做某事”,D選項(xiàng)正確。 49.C 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)后文的more efforts must be made可以推知,盡管兩個(gè)人為自己的成就感到驕傲,但是他們還需要付出更多努力,因?yàn)橐吧Q的數(shù)量在減少。所以他們還不能完全放心(白鶴不會(huì)滅絕)。故選C。assured意為“確定的,有把握的,自信的”。 50.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)because可知,前后句之間是因果關(guān)系,根據(jù)
35、more efforts must be made可以推知,野生白鶴數(shù)量在減少,所以,還要付出更多的努力(來(lái)挽救白鶴滅絕)。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 51.B 【解析】考查介詞辨析。前文提到:野生白鶴數(shù)量正在減少,很多其他物種似乎也在逐漸滅絕。該句提到,并不是所有的人都意識(shí)到野生動(dòng)物有思想,感情,以及平等生存的權(quán)利。很明顯,該句是對(duì)前文出現(xiàn)野生動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕原因的一種解釋。故B選項(xiàng)正確。after all:畢竟(用于解釋和說(shuō)明理由)。 52.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。針對(duì)上文提到的很多物種滅絕這種現(xiàn)象,作者提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題:我們?nèi)绾蝸?lái)消除將人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物隔開(kāi)的不斷擴(kuò)大的鴻溝呢?B選項(xiàng)正確。 53.C
36、 【解析】考查名詞辨析。前文提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題:我們?nèi)绾蝸?lái)消除將人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物隔開(kāi)的不斷擴(kuò)大的鴻溝呢?Chris和Tim的做法給我們提供了一個(gè)答案。C選項(xiàng)正確。 54.A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推斷出,人類(lèi)認(rèn)為自己的“大腦”掌握著所有的解決辦法。即:人類(lèi)認(rèn)為自己的大腦可以想出所有的解決辦法。A選項(xiàng)正確。 55.A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可以推知,人類(lèi)想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為自己的“大腦”掌握著所有的解決辦法。但或許他們可以用“心”更好地“引領(lǐng)”他們?nèi)ケWo(hù)這些瀕危的動(dòng)物。故A選項(xiàng)正確。 3. 【2019·天津卷】 閱讀
37、下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從16~35各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night,when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus,which was now speeding in the dark to some______16______station. The____17____moment was quickly followed by ment
38、al math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the_____18_____of that little wallet?The credit cards,the driver's license,the cash,all lost to the bus. Two hours later,back at my house,I heard a knock on the door. My husband _____19_____it while I was on the phone in the dining room. "Do
39、es Jennifer live here?" I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet,with not a penny_____20_____. She left before I could ____21____ make it to the door to offer my thanks. After sharing the story online,I heard from someone,who ____22____ the lady as Erin Smith. Without ___23___ ,I call
40、ed to thank her. She said she ____24____ my wallet on a bus seat. She_____25_____that going to a stranger's house was a ____26____ move,but she decided to take the chance. "If I were in that ____27____ I would want someone to try to find me," she said. This one stranger responded beautifully to my
41、small ____28____ ,but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin ____29____ my wallet on the bus,she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum(論壇),trying to see ____30____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to m
42、y son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never ____31____ words with those moms beyond small tall,but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever,but that's not how the people I_____32_____tend to act. ___33___,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Eri
43、n had gone ____34____what almost anyone would have done,finding my house on a bitterly cold night,and for that I was extremely ____35____ . 16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient 17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping 18. A. parts B. contents C. detail
44、s D. ingredients 19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted 20. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned 21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even 22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined 23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation 24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D
45、. spotted 25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended 26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal 27. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere 28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure 29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of 30. A. if
46、 B. where C. how D. when 31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered 32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany 33. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back? D. Coming along 34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond 35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful
47、 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議類(lèi)的文章。作者將錢(qián)包落在了公共汽車(chē)上,Erin撿到了作者的錢(qián)包,在寒冷的黑夜親自登門(mén)歸還錢(qián)包。作者深受感動(dòng)。文章敘述了事情的來(lái)龍去脈和作者的感受。 16. C 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was gone.”可以推知,作者將錢(qián)包落在了公共汽車(chē)上,而汽車(chē)正在開(kāi)往某個(gè)作者未知的地方,這使得找回錢(qián)包的希望渺茫,因此作者心生“恐懼”。故C選項(xiàng)(unknown)切題。 17. D 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知,作者在發(fā)現(xiàn)丟了錢(qián)包之后的第一感覺(jué)是“害怕”。之
48、后,作者開(kāi)始在內(nèi)心計(jì)算找回錢(qián)包里的那些東西所需要的時(shí)間和錢(qián)數(shù)。故該空應(yīng)和fear表達(dá)的意思相近,D選項(xiàng)(heart-stopping)切題:令人心跳停止的,驚心動(dòng)魄的。 18. B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。該空指下文中提到的“the credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash”,這些都是錢(qián)包里裝的東西。故選B(content):所含之物,所容納之物。 19.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。兩小時(shí)后有人敲門(mén),丈夫去應(yīng)門(mén)。B選項(xiàng)(answer)切題:應(yīng)(門(mén));接(電話(huà));應(yīng)答。 20. D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。結(jié)合下文的陳述可知,那位女士撿到了
49、作者的錢(qián)包,她拾金不昧,將錢(qián)包完璧歸趙。由此可以推知,該處指“錢(qián)包里的錢(qián)一分也沒(méi)有丟失”。故A選項(xiàng)(missing)切題:不見(jiàn)的,丟失的。 21. D 【解析】考查副詞辨析。作者甚至還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及到門(mén)口感謝那位女士,她就離開(kāi)了。該空表示“甚至”,故選D選項(xiàng)(even):甚至。 22. C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。在網(wǎng)上分享了這個(gè)故事之后,作者收到了某個(gè)人的來(lái)信,這個(gè)人確認(rèn)了那位女士是Erin Smith。C選項(xiàng)(identify)切題:確認(rèn),認(rèn)出,識(shí)別。 23. A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。找到了那位拾金不昧的女士,作者當(dāng)然要“馬上,毫不耽擱地”打電話(huà)去感謝對(duì)方。A選項(xiàng)(delay)切題
50、:耽擱,延遲。 24. D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。作者將錢(qián)包落在了公共汽車(chē)上,Erin是在一個(gè)座位上發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。該空表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,故選D選項(xiàng)(spot):發(fā)現(xiàn),認(rèn)出。 25. C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知,這件事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的晚上。同時(shí),Erin又不認(rèn)識(shí)作者。由此推知,該句應(yīng)指:Erin估計(jì)去一個(gè)陌生人的家是一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)的舉動(dòng)。C選項(xiàng)(calculate)正確:估算,估計(jì),預(yù)料。 26. B 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知,該句和she decided to take the chance(她決
51、定冒險(xiǎn))是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。那么該句應(yīng)指去一個(gè)陌生人家是一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)的舉動(dòng)。故B選項(xiàng)(risky)正確:冒險(xiǎn)的。 27. C 【解析】考查名詞辨析。該句敘述的是Erin當(dāng)時(shí)的想法:“如果我處在那種情況下(指丟了錢(qián)包這種情形),我希望有個(gè)人努力地找到我”。該空表示“情況,情形”,故選C選項(xiàng)(situation):情況,情形。 28.A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。作者丟了錢(qián)包,對(duì)于作者來(lái)說(shuō),這是一個(gè)“危機(jī),危難時(shí)刻”。故選A選項(xiàng)(crisis):危機(jī),危難時(shí)刻。 29. D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。Erin撿到了作者的錢(qián)包,在歸還作者之前,錢(qián)包在Erin的手里,Erin暫時(shí)“擁有,占有”作者的錢(qián)包
52、。故D選項(xiàng)正確。take possession of意為“擁有,占有”。 30. A 【解析】考查連詞辨析。Erin把作者的駕照?qǐng)D片發(fā)到一個(gè)論壇里,想看看是否有人認(rèn)識(shí)作者。該空表示“是否”,故選A選項(xiàng)(if):是否。 31. B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)后面的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知,該句和后面一句(她們想幫忙)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,由此推知,該句指:除了閑聊,作者和那兩位媽媽從來(lái)沒(méi)有說(shuō)過(guò)話(huà),即:從未和她們“交換過(guò)詞語(yǔ)”。B選項(xiàng)(exchange)正確:交換,互換。 32. A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。作者曾經(jīng)讀到這樣的說(shuō)法:人們比以往更加四分五裂,即:人們不像以前那樣團(tuán)結(jié),不像以前那樣互相幫助了。但
53、是,作者遇到的這些人的行為方式不是那樣的。上文中提到的Erin,two moms都是作者遇到的人。故A選項(xiàng)(encounter)正確:偶遇,遇到,邂逅。 33. C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析?;仡櫚l(fā)生的這件事,作者感到很幸運(yùn):有人想幫助一個(gè)陌生人。C選項(xiàng)(look back)正確:回顧,追憶。 34.D 【解析】考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知,一般人在撿到別人的錢(qián)包后,都不會(huì)像Erin那樣親自歸還失主。因此該句指:Erin的所作所為遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了其他人的行為。該空表示“超過(guò),超越”,故選D選項(xiàng)(beyond):超過(guò),超越。
54、 35. D 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Erin在寒冷的黑夜親自登門(mén)歸還作者的錢(qián)包,作者對(duì)此非常感激。D選項(xiàng)(grateful)正確:感激的。 二、2018年高考真題 1.【2018·全國(guó)卷I】 閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for thre
55、e credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmas
56、ter, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard
57、-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 . T
58、en years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (對(duì)手) is doing and 59 the best
59、move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist. 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired 44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor 4
60、5. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant 46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest 47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat 48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job 49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible 50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe 51. A. add B. expose C. apply D
61、. compare 52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally 53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment 54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation 55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised 56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill 57. A. grades B. decisions C. im
62、pressions D. comments 58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control 59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate 60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior 【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章講述了我在大二學(xué)的免費(fèi)課程——下棋及它對(duì)我生活的指導(dǎo)意義。 41.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。我在大二時(shí),學(xué)校教育處提供一種名叫思維象棋的免費(fèi)課程,這個(gè)課程3個(gè)學(xué)分。我急于接收這個(gè)課程,是因?yàn)槲蚁牍?jié)省點(diǎn)錢(qián)。put fo
63、rward提出; jumped at急于接收;tried out嘗試;turned down拒絕。故選B。 42.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。我在大二時(shí),學(xué)校教育處提供一種名叫思維象棋的免費(fèi)課程,這個(gè)課程3個(gè)學(xué)分。我急于接收這個(gè)課程,是因?yàn)槲蚁牍?jié)省點(diǎn)錢(qián)。waste浪費(fèi);earn賺錢(qián); save節(jié)??;pay付錢(qián)。故選C。 43.A 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。我總是想學(xué)象棋,即便是我對(duì)免費(fèi)的學(xué)分不激動(dòng),單是我們導(dǎo)師的信息就足以吸引我。excited激動(dòng)的;興奮的;worried擔(dān)心的;moved感動(dòng)的;tired勞累的。故選A。 44.D 【解析】考查名詞辨析。我總是想學(xué)象棋,即便是我對(duì)免
64、費(fèi)的學(xué)分不激動(dòng),單是我們導(dǎo)師的消息就足以吸引我。title頭銜;題目; competitor競(jìng)賽者;textbook教科書(shū); instructor導(dǎo)師。故選D。 45.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。這意味著我將師從這個(gè)游戲最好的大師之一。Urged督促 ;demanded要求; held握住; meant意味著。故選D。 46.C 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。這意味著我將師從這個(gè)游戲最好的大師之一。Fastest最快的;easiest最早的;best最好的;rarest最稀少的。故選C。 47.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。我迫不及待地想見(jiàn)到他。Interview面試; meet見(jiàn)
65、面; challenge挑戰(zhàn);beat擊敗。故選B。 48.D 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。一位先前的畢業(yè)生回校教書(shū),這項(xiàng)工作對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)根本不是游戲。Chance機(jī)會(huì);qualification合格;honor榮譽(yù);job工作。故選D。 49.C 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。在他的介紹中,他明確指出這些學(xué)分不容易得到。Real真實(shí)的;perfect完美的; clear清楚的; possible可能的。故選C。 50.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。為了通過(guò)考試,我們必須寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于把我們?cè)谡n堂里學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于未來(lái)的職業(yè)中。Attend參加;pass通過(guò); skip跳躍; observe
66、遵守。故選B。 51.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。我們必須寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于把我們?cè)谡n堂里學(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用于未來(lái)的職業(yè)中。apply把……運(yùn)用于…… 52.A 【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。最終,把我們?cè)谡n堂里學(xué)的知識(shí)應(yīng)用到我們的生活中。eventually最終;naturally自然地; directly直接地;normally正常地。故選A。 53.C 【解析】考查名詞辨析。我設(shè)法在這個(gè)課程中獲得了個(gè)A。game游戲;presentation介紹;陳述;course課程;experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選C。 54. B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。我還學(xué)習(xí)了課堂之外對(duì)我很有用的生活課程。Criterion標(biāo)準(zhǔn);classroom教室;department部門(mén);系; situation情況。故選B。 55.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。和Ashley學(xué)了象棋課程之后10年里,我仍在應(yīng)用他教我的東西。Taught教;wrote寫(xiě);questioned提問(wèn);promised承諾。故選A。 56.D 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。你在學(xué)下棋的時(shí)候,學(xué)到的絕對(duì)重要的技能是如何做出好的決
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