2021中考英語 基礎(chǔ)語法八 動(dòng)詞的分類

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1、 （八）動(dòng)詞的分類 01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化 近年來對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查主要是動(dòng)詞的種類及各類動(dòng)詞的基本區(qū)別，動(dòng)詞的基本變化形式，常見的動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析及短語動(dòng)詞的辨析，其中，動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞的辨析以及動(dòng)詞的基本變化形式是考查的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。預(yù)計(jì)2015年動(dòng)詞考查的趨勢(shì)將是：在具體的語言環(huán)境中考查基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)詞及其短語動(dòng)詞的辨析。 02 定義 概念清晰化 動(dòng)詞是表示人或事物動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。按照其語法功能，動(dòng)詞分為行為動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類。行為動(dòng)詞又叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，分為及物動(dòng)詞(后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的動(dòng)詞),不及物動(dòng)詞(本身意義不完整，其后

2、不能接賓語的動(dòng)詞)；系動(dòng)詞(不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語)；助動(dòng)詞(本身沒有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和別的動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語的詞，這類詞表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等特征，幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問等)；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(本身有一定意義，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)使用，必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，表示說話者的情感、態(tài)度和語氣)。 03 知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 ?動(dòng)詞的種類 分類圖解 類別 功能及用法 例子 行為 動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng) 詞vt. 本身含有實(shí)在意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句中能獨(dú)立作謂語。 可以 接賓語 afford,buy, enjoy,k

3、eep 不及物 動(dòng)詞vi. 不可以直接接賓語 arrive,cry, die,fall 連系 動(dòng)詞 本身有一定的詞義，但詞義不完整，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。 be,smell, look,taste 助動(dòng)詞 本身沒有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定、疑問等。 do,does, will,shall 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 may, must, can, need 特例清單 1.不及物動(dòng)詞要想接賓語，必須

4、在不及物動(dòng)詞后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如： The baby is smiling at us.小孩正對(duì)著我們笑呢。 He died of hunger.他死于饑餓。 Please listen to the teacher carefully.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)聽老師講課。 2.雙賓語動(dòng)詞后面跟兩個(gè)賓語，直接賓語為動(dòng)詞直接涉及的事物；間接賓語往往指涉及的人。間接賓語有時(shí)可放到后面去，由介詞to或for引導(dǎo)，變成介詞短語。 ◆能接以to引導(dǎo)的間接賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pass,play,read,send,show,take,teach,tell,w

5、rite等。如： Could you lend your dictionary to me?請(qǐng)你把你的字典借我用用好嗎？ She passed the salt to him.她把鹽遞給了他。 ◆能接以for引導(dǎo)的間接賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：bring,build,buy,cook,cut,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order,save,pick,play,sing,take,win,write等。如： Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母親每天都為我們做早飯。 I’ll fetch a chair for you.我

6、去給你拿一個(gè)凳子。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )1.(2014·眉山)—Who _____ the tennis game yesterday? —Jack，he _____ all the others. A.beat;won B.won;won C.beat;beat D.won;beat ( )2.(2014·河南)Choosing the right circle of friends will ____ us a lot of troubles，heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret. A.

7、save B.share C.keep D.bring ( )3.(2014·十堰)—Smart phones are more and more popular now. —So they are.But they still _____ too much. A.pay B .cost C.take D.spend ( )4.(2014·山西)During the World Cup，a large number of soccer fans fly to Brazil.It has _____ a great place for fans

8、 to have fun. A.made B.kept C.become ( )5.(2014·宿遷)—Tom is an honest boy，_______ he? —Yes.We trust him all the time. A.isn’t B.is C.does D.doesn’t ?常見連系動(dòng)詞的用法 分類圖解 常用連系動(dòng)詞 詞義 例句 be 是 I’m a girl with short hair. become 成為，變得 Mike becomes interested in Chinese.

9、turn 變得 Mr. White’s face turned red. get 變得 The weather is getting bad. smell 聞起來 The flowers smell nice. sound 聽起來 The plan sounds good. taste 嘗起來 The soup tastes delicious. stay 保持 The shop stays open till 8 pm. grow 成長(zhǎng)，變得 Her hair is growing white. keep 保持 The girl keeps s

10、ilent all the time. feel 感到，摸起來 The coat feels very soft look 看起來 My mother looks very young. 注意 1.連系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，其后必須接形容詞、名詞或介詞短語作表語。 2.含連系動(dòng)詞(be除外)的句子變疑問句時(shí)一定要借助助動(dòng)詞do,does,did等。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )6.(2014·眉山)—Shall we go for a walk? — ______great. A.Feels B.Sounds C.Turns D.Looks ( )

11、7.(2014·荊州)—Do you like swimming in winter? —Of course.The water _____ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy. A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.looks ( )8.(2014·河北)Mom is making dinner. It_____ so nice! A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds ( )9.(2014·宿遷)

12、—Your trainers _____ colourful. —Yes.And they are popular among young people. A.feel B.smell C.taste D.look ( )10.(2014·樂山)—I can’t stand the smell of the stinking tofu. —Would you like to have a try? It _____ quite delicious! A.looks B.sounds C.tastes ?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法

13、 分類圖解 情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞 意義及用法 例句 may 表示“請(qǐng)求許可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑問句的否定回答為mustn’t。 —May I go out and play football? —No,you mustn’t.　 表推測(cè)，意思是“可能”。 Mr.Li may be at home. can (could) 表示“能力”，意思是“能，會(huì)”，否定形式為can’t,couldn’t。 Mike can speak a little Chinese. I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old. 用

14、在疑問句中，表示“征求意見”，could比can的語氣更委婉、客氣。 Could you tell me something about your school? 表推測(cè)，常用在否定句和疑問句中。 He can’t be at home. He has gone to Japan. can用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)，be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 He can spell these words. He has been able to draw pictures already. must 表示義務(wù)、命令或要求，意思是“必須，應(yīng)該”，否定形式為mustn’t，

15、意思是“不應(yīng)該，不允許”，表示警告。 You must be careful next time. You mustn’t take photos here. 表示推測(cè)，意為“必定”。 He must be in the room. 表示說話人的主觀看法。 I must go home now. must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答時(shí)用must，have to；否定回答時(shí)用needn’t或don’t have to。 —Must I finish the homework today? —No,you needn’t/you don’t have to. need　 表示“

16、需要”，多用于否定句。 He needn’t worry about it. 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞不定式。 I’m very tired and I need to have a rest. 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )11.(2014·臺(tái)州)—Are you interested in shopping online? ——Not so much. We_____see real products but pictures. A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t ( )12.(201

17、4·威海)—Bob，Where is Linda? —She ________ be in the library.But I am not sure. A.must B.may C.need D.has to ( )13.(2014·菏澤)—Look，someone left a book. —Oh，yeah…This book_____ be Kitty’s. Only she likes to read this kind of books. A.can B.must C.may D.might ( )14.(

18、2014·福州)—Lisa，hurry up! The bus is coming. —Oh，no. We ____ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.should ( )15.(2014·江西)Last year I ______ drive.I used to take the bus. A.could B.couldn’t C.should D.shouldn’t ?短語動(dòng)詞 分類圖解

19、 類別 實(shí)例 漢義 動(dòng) 詞 + 副 詞 add up 加起來 break out 爆發(fā) carry on 堅(jiān)持下去；繼續(xù)下去 change into 轉(zhuǎn)換成；變成 clean up 清除；收拾干凈 clear up 整理，收拾；(天氣)放晴 come back 回來；想起來 come down 落下來 come in 進(jìn)入，進(jìn)來 cut down 砍倒 cut off 切斷 cut up 切碎 eat up 吃光，吃完 fall behind 落在……后面；輸給別人 find out 發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明 get al

20、ong 取得進(jìn)展 get together 聚會(huì)，聯(lián)歡 get up 起床 give away 分發(fā)；贈(zèng)送 give back 歸還,送回 give in 屈服 give out 分發(fā)；用完，耗盡 give up 放棄 go ahead 繼續(xù) go away 走開，離去 go on 繼續(xù) grow up 長(zhǎng)大成人，成長(zhǎng) hand in 上交；交納 hand out 分發(fā) hold on 堅(jiān)持；(打電話)別掛斷 keep on 繼續(xù)(進(jìn)行) let in 讓……進(jìn)來，放進(jìn) look ahead 向前看 look up 查找

21、 pay back 償還(借款等) pick up 拾起，撿起；開車接；學(xué)會(huì) point out 指出，標(biāo)明 put off 推遲 put on 穿；戴上；上演 put up 舉起；張貼 start off 出發(fā) stay up 熬夜 take off 脫下；起飛 turn down 聲音調(diào)小 turn in 上交 turn off 關(guān)閉 wake up 喚醒，醒來 watch out 當(dāng)心 work out 計(jì)算出動(dòng) 詞 + 介 詞 agree with 贊同，同意(某人的看法) arrive at/in 到達(dá)

22、 ask for 請(qǐng)求；詢問 base on 以……為依據(jù) belong to 屬于 break into 破門而入 call for 需要；呼吁 care for 在乎，關(guān)心 come from 來自…… deal with 處理；對(duì)付 depend on/upon 依靠；相信；依賴 get over 克服 get to 到達(dá)…… go by 走過，經(jīng)過 go over 仔細(xì)檢查；復(fù)習(xí) knock at 敲 laugh at 嘲笑…… learn from 向……學(xué)習(xí) look after 照顧 look at 看……，觀

23、看…… look for 尋找 look like 看起來像 pass by 經(jīng)過 point to 指向…… quarrel with (和某人)爭(zhēng)吵 stand for 代表(某事物)；支持 stick to 堅(jiān)持 talk about 談?wù)?，議論 think about 考慮 think of 想起，想出；認(rèn)為 wait for 等待 動(dòng) 詞 + 副 詞 + 介 詞 add up to 加起來總計(jì) catch up with 趕上 come up with 想出 get along with 相處 go on

24、 with 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行 keep away from 遠(yuǎn)離 keep up with 跟上；和……保持聯(lián)系 look down on/upon 看不起 look forward to 盼望 look out of 朝……外看 make up of 由……組成，構(gòu)成 run out of 耗盡 注意: 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞+副詞類的短語，如果是名詞作賓語，那么這個(gè)名詞既可以放在短語之間也可以放在短語的后面，但是如果是代詞作賓語，則代詞一定要放在短語之間。如： He turned off all the lights when he left.當(dāng)他離開時(shí)，他關(guān)上了所有的燈

25、。 He picked it up and gave it to me.他撿起它，然后把它交給了我。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )16.(2014·咸寧)—When will your new book _______? —It has not been decided yet. A.find out B.come out C.look up D.set up ( )17.(2014·山西)—Mum.I did best in our group discussion today. —Well done! I _________ you.

26、 A.am mad at B.am patient with C.am proud of ( )18.(2014·河南)This bus doesn’t go to the train station.I’m afraid you’ll have to ______ at the library and take the A52. A.take off B.put off C.get off D.turn off ( )19.(2014·十堰)—The song Where did the time go _____ th

27、e old days and the love of family. —Sure.It’s my favorite song. A.helps us out B.reminds us of C.lets us down D.regards us as ( )20.(2014·安徽)As time _______，you’ll come to think of English as your friend and love it. A.goes by B.runs out C.takes off

28、 D.turns up 04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化 ( )1.—Can I borrow your English book,please? —Sure.But you must ______ it to me soon. A.keep B.buy C.return D.hold ( )2.—Have you ever listened to the song Baby? —Yes,it _____ wonderful.All of us like it very much. A.smells B.sou

29、nds C.looks D.tastes ( )3.—How about the silk skirt? —It ______ soft!I’ll take it. A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.feels ( )4.After the serious illness,he finally _____ how important health is. A.realized B.meant C.added D.impressed ( )5.The old man’s eyes

30、ight isn’t very good.He often ______ Tim for Jim. A.regards B.treats C.mistakes D.thinks ( )6.—Why is Lily so popular among the students? —Because she often_____us with help and care. A.gives B.offers C.provides D.supports ( )7.—Do you think Houston Rock

31、ets will beat Lakers? —Yes.They have better players,so I ______ them to win. A.hope B.think C.depend D.expect ( )8.—How long do you think the terrible weather will______? —Why not listen to the weather report? A.appear B.last C.change D.discover ( )9.Listen! The whole class

32、 is quiet now. It _____ that everyone falls asleep. A.seems B.looks C.sounds D.gets ( )10.The children are making too much noise.I can’t ____ it. A.stand B.hear C.consider D.know ( )11.Wow,the dish _____ delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it? A.keeps B.tast

33、es C.sounds D.feels ( )12.—Why does Zhang Lei look unhappy? —Because her best friend didn’t _____ her to go on a picnic. A.make B.let C.invite D.refuse ( )13.David _______ his friend’s invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest. A.expected

34、 B.refused C.received D.told ( )14.—Who’s that boy in the red coat? —He is my new friend.Let me ______him to you. A.introduce B.tell C.promise D.say ( )15.—What about the picture over there? —It ________ nice. A.tastes B.gets C.looks D.sounds (

35、 )16.—May I go to the cinema,Mum? —Certainly.But you _____ be back by 11 o’clock. A.can B.may C.must D.need ( )17.— ____I speak to May,please? —I’m sorry she ____ come to the phone because she is busy now. A.Might;won’t B.Can;mustn’t C.May;can’t D.Could;shouldn’t (

36、 )18.—I want to know if I ______ smoke here. —No,you_______ .Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there? A.can;needn’t B.must;can’t C.shall;won’t D.can;mustn’t ( )19.My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always _______ look it up. A.must B.should C.would D.h

37、as to ( )20.—_____ you pass me the dictionary,please? —Sure.Here you are. A.Could B.Need C.Must D.Might ( )21.—Must I go there with you? —No,you____ .David ______ go with me. A.mustn’t;can B.can’t;must C.don’t;should D.needn’t;may ( )22.You ______ be careful whe

38、n crossing the road—the traffic lights aren’t working. A.might B.should C.could D.may ( )23.—Could I borrow your ruler? —Yes,of course you _______. A.will B.should C.can D.need ( )24.—I’ve taken someone else’ s green sweater by mistake. —It _______ Henry’s.He always wears

39、 green. A.has to be B.will be C.mustn’t be D.could be ( )25.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but luckily everyone _______ get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could ( )26.—Is Paul coming by train? —He should,but he _______.He likes drivi

40、ng his car. A.can’t B.needn’t C.may not D.mustn’t ( )27.—Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? —No,it _______ be him.I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. A.can’t B.must not C.won’ t D.may not ( )28.Susan,you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A.wo

41、uldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.may not ( )29.—Listen!Someone is singing in the next room. Who____ it be? Is it Zhu Lei? —No.It ______ be her.She is at school now. A.will;may not B.must;mustn’t C.may;can’t D.may;won’t ( )30.Susan’s parents have boug

42、ht a large house with a swimming pool.It _______ be very expensive. A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t ( )31.—Do you know if he is still living? —I’m not sure.I think he _______die in a battle in 1943. A.have to B.should C.must D.might ( )32.—You can sit and read the b

43、ooks here if you _____. —Thank you very much. A.can B.will C.may D.must ( )33.—Must I wash all the clothes this afternoon? —No,you_______. A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.may not ( )34.—_______ the work be finished by the end of this week? —Yes,it mu

44、st. A.Will B.Shall C.Need D.Can ( )35.—_______ I go there at once? —No,I don’t think you ____ now.It’s still early. A.Can;have to B.Do;need to C.Need;must D.May;would ( )36.—Tom,it’s cold outside. _______your coat when you go out. —OK,Mum. A.Take off B.

45、Take away C.Put away D.Put on ( )37.I work very hard because I don’t want to______ . A.let my parents down B.let down my parents C.let my parents to be disappointed D.let my parents go ( )38.—When will Han Han’s new book ________? —Sorry,I don’t know.Im looking forward to his new

46、 book,too. A.come on B.come out C.come in D.come over ( )39.—Great changes have taken place in this city. —Right.Many modern buildings have been _______ these days. A.turned up B.put up C.shown up D.fixed up ( )40.Dont worry!Im sure you’ll ______

47、_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them. A.catch up with B.agree with C.get along well with D.make friends with 6 參考答案： (八)動(dòng)詞的分類 題組訓(xùn)練 1—5DABCA6—10BAADC11—15BBBAB 16—20BCCBA 整合集訓(xùn) 1—5CBDAC6—10CDBAA11—15BCBAC 16—20CCDDA21—25DBCDC26—30CABCA 31—35DBACC36—40DABBC