中考英語 語法專題突破 專題十一 動詞的語態(tài) 人教新目標版

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1、中考英語 語法專題突破 專題十一 動詞的語態(tài) 人教新目標版 考綱要求 1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)　2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)　3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài) 考查點 年份 題號 選項設(shè)置 分值 一般現(xiàn)在時 的被動語態(tài) xx 43 treats/treated/is__treated/was treated 1分 2011 44 celebrate/is__celebrated/celebrated/was celebrated 1分 一般過去時 的被動語態(tài) xx 38 moves/moved/is mov

2、ed/was__moved 1分 xx 39 invites/is invited/was__invited/has invited 1分 一般將來時 的被動語態(tài) xx 44 will save/was saved/have saved/will__be__saved 1分 　　動詞語態(tài)為河北中考單項選擇題的必考點，且都與時態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時。選項的設(shè)置均為一個動詞的兩種不同時態(tài)和不同語態(tài)。語境設(shè)置在近三年來很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時間狀語提示，需要分析語境才能判斷出選項。語句多為單句形式，詞數(shù)多為9～13。 預(yù)計xx年河北中考的單項

3、選擇題必定會出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動語態(tài)，并與時態(tài)相結(jié)合。 ,河北中考重難點突破 【考點搶測】 (　　)1.Chinese ________ by more and more people from all over the world today. A．learn　　　　　　　B．learned C．is learned D．was learned (　　)2.(xx保定8中模擬)Today，puters are really helpful.They ______ everywhere. A．use B．a(chǎn)re used C．used D．were used

4、(　　)3.(xx唐山54中模擬)Every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks ______ for their fins(魚翅)． A．were killed B．have killed C．a(chǎn)re killed D．will kill (　　)4.The sport of basketball ________ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. A．play B．played C．is played D．has played (　　)5.When I called

5、 the bus service，I ________ that there was no more bus. A．was telling B．was told C．has told D．had told (　　)6.(xx保定17中模擬)A new club ________ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A．starts B．is started C．has started D．was started (　　)7.The first Earth Day _

6、_______ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated (　　)8.Alice ________ some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Green's. A．gave B．was given C．gives D．is given (　　)9.The task ________ in an

7、hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest. A．was finished B．will be finished C．has been finished D．can't be finished (　　)10.(xx唐山友誼中學(xué)模擬)I'm sure that stricter rules ________ to control smoking very soon. A．made B．will make C．were made D．will be made 【滿分點撥】 1．動詞語態(tài)的分類 英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語

8、態(tài)。 (1)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說英語。 (2)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動詞的對象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語被很多人說。(Chinese是動詞speak的承受者) 2．被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見的4種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 時態(tài) 被動結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 一般 現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are＋done This kind of car is made in China.這種車

9、是中國制造的。 一般 過去時 was/were＋done The flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。 一般 將來時 will/shall＋ be＋done The bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月內(nèi)竣工。 情態(tài) 動詞 情態(tài)動詞＋ be＋done Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。 3.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法 (1)圖示 (2)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語動詞用被動 (3)變換步

10、驟： ①將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。 注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him．→He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。 ②將動詞改為“be＋過去分詞”。 注意：be動詞與新主語相一致，時態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was__held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會了 。 ③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為by…放在謂語動詞后。 注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如He sang a song.→A song was sung by__him．他

11、唱了一首歌。 【方法突破】 分析河北近5年考情發(fā)現(xiàn)，涉及語態(tài)的試題的選項中通常有兩個主動和兩個被動，并且有現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和過去時態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時，可從以下角度入手分析： 判斷句子是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài) 讀懂句意，確定主語，判斷主語表示人還是物，主語是動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語時，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。當主語為人時，需根據(jù)句意及謂語動詞判斷該動作是否是主語發(fā)出：若為主語發(fā)出，用主動語態(tài)；若不是主語發(fā)出，用被動語態(tài)。物作主語的時候，謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)，由此可排除掉主動語態(tài)的選項。對于被動語態(tài)來說，試題主要是讓大家找出謂語動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進行判斷，然后根據(jù)句中的

12、時間狀語做出正確選擇。 確定句子的時態(tài) 被動語態(tài)的使用離不開時態(tài)，所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時間狀語、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動作的時態(tài)來分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。再結(jié)合句意給出的時間狀語或已發(fā)生動作的時態(tài)，選取對應(yīng)的時態(tài)。 4．常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) (1)含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子，多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。如：Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。 (2)主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，

13、變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把不定式符號to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb. be heard(seen)to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。 (3)主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，同樣要把不定式符號to還原。即：make sb.do sth.→sb. be m

14、ade to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.→His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。 5．不能使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況 (1)連系動詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動形式表示被動含義。如：The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。 (2)有些動詞的主動形式表被動含義，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth

15、doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了，需要馬上清理一下。 (3)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take place，無被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個寒冷的夜晚。 ,河北中考考點精練 (　　)1.(xx廣安中考)—Mike，I looked for you everywhere last night. —Oh，I ________ to the party. A．a(chǎn)m i

16、nvited　　　　B．invited C．invite D．was invited (　　)2.(xx石家莊42中模擬)—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It ________ very often. A．is washed B．washes C．was washed D．washed (　　)3.(xx臨沂中考)Teenagers should ________ to take care of themselves from a young age. A．educate B．be educating C．have educated

17、 D．be educated (　　)4.(xx江西中考)You can't wear shoes inside this place.It ________. A．doesn't allow B．isn't allowed C．hasn't allowed D．wasn't allowed (　　)5.(xx資陽中考)A new school ________ last year in my hometown. A．set up B．sets up C．is set up D．was set up (　　)6.(xx青島中考)We ________ to start

18、at once，or we will miss the train. A．tell B．have told C．a(chǎn)re told D．told (　　)7.(xx煙臺中考)Everyone in our class ________ to take part in the English Speech Contest. A．is encouraged B．encourages C．a(chǎn)re encouraging D．a(chǎn)re encouraged (　　)8.(xx蘭州中考)He has ordered a watch on line for his father and i

19、t ________to him before Father's Day. A．send B．will be sent C．was sent D．sent (　　)9.(xx十堰中考)During the Spring Festival，paper cuttings________ on windows，doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. A．a(chǎn)re put B．were put C．puts D．putting (　　)10.(xx廣東中考)—Have you h

20、eard of the song Little Apple? —Yes.It ________every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. A．is played B．plays C．was played D．played (　　)11.(xx黔南中考)Every day，too much water________ in our school.We should save it. A．is wasted B．wastes C．was wasted D．wasted (　　)12.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)

21、Hurry up! Once the concert starts，nobody________ to enter the concert hall. A．a(chǎn)llows B．a(chǎn)llowed C．is allowed D．is allowing (　　)13.(xx石家莊40中模擬)To my great surprise，the famous athlete's story ________ differently in the newspapers. A．was reported B．reported C．was reporting D．reports (　　)14.(x

22、x原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)We're sure that the environ-ment in our city ________ greatly through our work in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved (　　)15.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Last March，many trees ________ along the streets to make our city more beautiful. A．were planted B．were planting

23、 C．had planted D．planted (　　)16.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Your application won't ________ until you plete the survey. A．a(chǎn)ccept B．receive C．be accepted D．be received (　　)17.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)The dictionary may ________ for three weeks. A．keep B．be kept C．borrow D．be borrowed (　　)18.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)—________ free breakfasts

24、________ in all schools in China? —No，not yet.Only in the rural areas. A．Are，made B．Do；serve C．Are；served D．Do；make (　　)19.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)I want to know if an English petition ________ next month. A．will hold B．will be held C．holds D．is held (　　)20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Many students ________ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big. A．don't give B．a(chǎn)ren't given C．haven't given D．won't give