（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)十二 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（含解析）

《（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)十二 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)十二 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（含解析）（19頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、考點(diǎn)十二　詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 限時(shí)25分鐘 一、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．My English improved a lot; more importantly, I gained much ________ (confident)． 答案：confidence　句意：我的英語(yǔ)提高了許多；更重要的是，我的自信心增強(qiáng)了不少。所填詞涉及形容詞變?yōu)槊~的后綴：-ence。句中的much為限定詞，后應(yīng)接名詞，作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，confident的名詞形式為confidence。 2．Smoking during pregnancy ________ (danger) your baby's lif

2、e． 答案：will endanger　句意：孕期抽煙會(huì)危及胎兒生命。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)詞法：en-。句中所填詞應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“危及”；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，可在名詞前加前綴en-，轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的動(dòng)詞，即endanger；另外，本句表示敘述在某種情況下有可能發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will，故填will endanger。 3．It was a ________ (fog) cold morning when he set off for the remote village． 答案：foggy　句意：在一個(gè)寒冷的起霧的上午，他向那個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊進(jìn)發(fā)了。句中所填詞修飾morn

3、ing，作定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，fog的形容詞形式為foggy。 4．People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use)． 答案：useless　句意：對(duì)于重返學(xué)校，人們當(dāng)然有各種理由，但是有一點(diǎn)需要知道的重要的事是，知識(shí)是有用的。所填詞涉及否定意義的后綴：名詞＋-less構(gòu)成形容詞。所填詞作系動(dòng)詞is的表語(yǔ)，且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處應(yīng)填表示否定意義的形容詞，構(gòu)成雙重否定。usele

4、ss “無(wú)用的”。 5．The ________ (protect) and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects all the people and economic development throughout the world． 答案：protection　句意：人類環(huán)境的保護(hù)和改善是一個(gè)影響全世界人民和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的大問(wèn)題。根據(jù)“and improvement”可知，所填詞為protect的名詞形式。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在protect后加后綴-ion變?yōu)槊~。 6．The meetin

5、g supposed to be ________ (success) turned out to be a failure in the end． 答案：successful　句意：那場(chǎng)本應(yīng)該成功的會(huì)議最終被證明是失敗的。所填詞作be的表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填形容詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在success后加后綴-ful，構(gòu)成形容詞。 7．Customs officials ________ (cover) a plot to smuggle weapons into the country． 答案：uncovered　句意：海關(guān)官員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)走私武器入境的陰謀。所填詞涉及表示相反意義的前綴：un-。句

6、中所填詞應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后面的賓語(yǔ)a plot可知，此處應(yīng)表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)，揭露”；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，在動(dòng)詞前加前綴un-，轉(zhuǎn)化為相反意義的動(dòng)詞，故填uncovered。 8．Ann will be remembered for her ability and her ________ (warm)． 答案：warmth　句意：安因?yàn)樗哪芰蜔崆橛押?，將被銘記。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：-th。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后，應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則可知warm的名詞形式，即在詞尾加后綴-th。 9．One person was killed, several were

7、 ________ (serious) hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received small hurt． 答案：seriously　句意：一個(gè)人喪生，幾個(gè)人嚴(yán)重受傷，被送往醫(yī)院，并且數(shù)名其他人受了輕傷。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴：-ly。所填詞在句中修飾動(dòng)詞hurt，作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填副詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，serious的副詞形式只要在詞尾加后綴-ly即可。 10．It has a highly ________ (regular) shape, covered with bumps and inde

8、ntations． 答案：irregular　句意：它的外形極不規(guī)則，滿是凸塊和凹陷。所填詞涉及表示相反意義的前綴：ir-。句中為形容詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞shape，根據(jù)后面的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)可知，所填詞表示“不規(guī)則的”；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成法規(guī)則，在形容詞前加前綴ir-，轉(zhuǎn)化為相反意義的形容詞，故填irregular。 11．It is ________ (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16． 答案：illegal　句意：出售煙草給16歲以下者是非法的。所填詞涉及表示否定或相反意義的前綴：il-。所填詞在句中作表語(yǔ)，且根據(jù)“to someone u

9、nder 16”可知，此處表示“非法的”。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，應(yīng)加前綴il-。 12．Extracurricular activities ________ (able) the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks． 答案：enable　句意：課外活動(dòng)可以使學(xué)生們知道怎樣運(yùn)用在課本上學(xué)到的知識(shí)。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞的前綴：en-。所填詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，able的動(dòng)詞形式，只要在詞首加前綴en-即可，enable 意為“使……能夠”。 13．You can rely o

10、n him because he is quite ________ (rely)． 答案：reliable　所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的后綴：-able。所填詞用在系動(dòng)詞is后，作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句中的“rely on him”可知，所填詞表示“值得信賴的”，根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，rely的形容詞形式，須將字母y改為i，再加后綴-able。 14．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or ________ (honest)． 答案：dishonest　句意：靠福利救濟(jì)的人被誤認(rèn)為懶惰或不誠(chéng)實(shí)。所填詞涉及表示否定意義的前綴：dis-。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)

11、填形容詞，并表示否定意義，即 “不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，只需在詞首加前綴dis-。 15．You may find to your ________ (amaze) that there is more kindness in your community than you ever believe possible． 答案：amazement　句意：你可能會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，在你的社區(qū)，洋溢著難以置信的友愛。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：-ment。所填詞位于your之后，應(yīng)用名詞形式；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，只需在詞尾加后綴-ment即可變?yōu)槊~。 16．I can not control

12、my body well． My legs become ________ (pain)． 答案：painful　句意：我無(wú)法很好地掌控我的身體。我的雙腿變得疼痛。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：-ful。所填詞位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，只需在詞尾加后綴-ful即可構(gòu)成painful “疼痛的”。 17．Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary (紀(jì)錄片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of ex

13、tremely ________ (ambition) parents． 答案：ambitious　根據(jù)空格位置，后面是名詞parents，應(yīng)該使用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填ambitious。 18．Under her ________ (encourage), I would spend hours burying myself in novels, even if my friends just laughed at me． 答案：encouragement　句意：在她的鼓勵(lì)下我總會(huì)花幾個(gè)小時(shí)埋頭看小說(shuō)，即使朋友們嘲笑我。這里需用名詞，指的是“在她的鼓勵(lì)下”。 19．The _____

14、___ (grow) number of Chinese tourists traveling to Spain has in recent years offered opportunities for local companies． 答案：growing　該空格處后面的詞“number”是名詞，名詞受形容詞修飾限制，grow為動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞時(shí)，常用v．-ing表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，v．-ed表示被動(dòng)完成。此處表示大量中國(guó)游客去西班牙旅行，這個(gè)數(shù)量一直在增長(zhǎng)中，表示進(jìn)行，故答案為growing。 20．China has once again showed its ability t

15、o change the world with its “new four great ________ (invent)”． 答案：inventions　句意：中國(guó)用“新四大發(fā)明”再次展示了改變世界的能力。前面有形容詞性物主代詞修飾，且作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，故這里用名詞形式invention，且為可數(shù)名詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 21．I ________ (firm) believed I could learn lots of words, phrases, translation skills, news stories and even amazing knowledge by reading

16、 it． 答案：firmly　空格后的believed為動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞受副詞修飾，故答案為firmly。 22．In most ________ (develop) countries, like America and the Great Britain, teaching is a profession． 答案：developed　句意：在美國(guó)和英國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，教書是一種專業(yè)。develop的形容詞變體有developing和developed兩種形式，句中修飾美國(guó)和英國(guó)，故答案應(yīng)為developed。 23．________ (luck), native English speak

17、ers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English． 答案：Luckily　句意：慶幸的是，英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)者能夠彼此理解，即使他們不講同一種類的英語(yǔ)。所填詞修飾整個(gè)句子，因此使用副詞，故答案為L(zhǎng)uckily。 24．Being ________ (happy)is like an infectious disease． It causes people to stay away from the sufferer． 答案：unhappy　句意：不快樂(lè)就像傳染病一樣，會(huì)使得人們對(duì)于不快樂(lè)

18、的人退避三舍。根據(jù)此空后面的“l(fā)ike an infectious disease”(像一個(gè)傳染病一樣)可知，此處應(yīng)該使用happy的反義詞，故填unhappy。 25．She carried her left arm at an awkward angle, as if it were causing her ________ (comfort)． 答案：discomfort　根據(jù)上文，說(shuō)明她“不舒服”。句意：她的左胳膊很不自然地抬著，好像它讓她不舒服似的。 26．It was ________ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in

19、the ancient days without any modern machines． 答案：extremely　此空并不是系動(dòng)詞was后的表語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)的是difficult，空格處所填詞修飾difficult，故填副詞。 27．Your ideas are very interesting, but we need ________ (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble． 答案：practical　此處表示可是我們需要切實(shí)可行的建議幫我們脫離困境，故用practice的形容詞形式practical。 28．Try to u

20、nderstand what's actually happening instead of acting on the________ (assume) you've made． 答案：assumption　句意：試著去理解實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假設(shè)行事。前面是定冠詞the，后面跟名詞形式，故填assumption。 29．Alice, the sales manager of the company, is doing a course to ________ (sharp) her business skills． 答案：sharpen　句意：這家公司的銷售經(jīng)理Al

21、ice正在學(xué)習(xí)一門課程來(lái)提高她的業(yè)務(wù)技能。sharpen “加強(qiáng)，提高”。Alice學(xué)習(xí)課程的目的是提高技能。 30．A television series is fast gaining its word-of-mouth ________ (popular) among not only Chinese households but also some foreigners． 答案：popularity　根據(jù)空格位置，前面有形容詞性物主代詞its和word-of-mouth，后面應(yīng)該為名詞。popular為形容詞，它的名詞變化為后面加-ity，故填popularity。 二、單句改

22、錯(cuò) 1．The teachers in our school are all kind and helpfully． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：helpfully→helpful　本句中，系動(dòng)詞are后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。由派生法規(guī)則可知，-ful可作形容詞的后綴，而-ly為副詞的后綴，故將helpfully改為helpful。 2．That little act of kind made everyone who saw it feel good—but it

23、made me feel the best of all! ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：kind→kindness　本句中，介詞of后應(yīng)該接名詞；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在形容詞后加后綴-ness可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞，故將kind改為kindness，act of kindness意為“善舉”。 3．As far as I am concerned, my suggest is that we should always have a notebook and a Chin

24、ese-English dictionary within easy reach． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：suggest→suggestion　本句中，系動(dòng)詞is前的名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，且my后應(yīng)接名詞；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-ion，可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞，故將suggest改為suggestion。 4．If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn mor

25、e about it and become more interested in it． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：deep→deepen　本句中，從句中應(yīng)用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在形容詞后加后綴-en，可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的動(dòng)詞。故將deep改為deepen。 5．A lot of people became homely owing to the terrible earthquake． _________________________________

26、_______________________________________ 答案：homely→homeless　本句中，became為連系動(dòng)詞，后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)接表示否定意義的形容詞；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在名詞后加后綴-less，可變?yōu)楸硎痉穸ㄒ饬x的形容詞。故將homely改為homeless。 6．The good working conditions in this company are attract． ________________________________________________________________________

27、 答案：attract→attractive　本句中，應(yīng)用形容詞作are的表語(yǔ)，描述該公司的工作條件吸引人；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-ive，可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的形容詞。故將attract改為attractive。 7．Try your best to memory these new words． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：memory→memorize　本句中，to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，表示目的；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，-ize可作為動(dòng)詞

28、的后綴。以y結(jié)尾的，去掉y，再加-ize，故將memory改為memorize。 8．My close friend Jack understood me, which made me upset． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：understood→misunderstood　根據(jù)句中的非限制定語(yǔ)從句可知，“我”很傷感的原因是朋友誤會(huì)了“我”。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在動(dòng)詞前加前綴mis-可變?yōu)楸硎鞠喾匆饬x的詞。故將understood改為misunderstood。

29、 9．I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：reason→reasonable　本句中，修飾名詞practice，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在名詞后加后綴-able，可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的形容詞。故將reason改為reasonable。 10．After waiting for about half an hour

30、, I was beginning to get impatiently． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：impatiently→impatient　句意：等了半個(gè)小時(shí)后我開始變得不耐煩了。get為系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，故將構(gòu)成副詞的后綴-ly去掉。 11．Unfortunate, I won't be able to meet you at the airport because I have classes in the afternoon． __________

31、______________________________________________________________ 答案：Unfortunate→Unfortunately　位于句首修飾整個(gè)句子應(yīng)用副詞。 12．If you feel nervous or stress, try to do some relaxation exercises like deep breathing． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：stress→stressed　句意：如果

32、你感到緊張或有壓力，試著做一些放松練習(xí)，比如深呼吸。stressed意為“感到有壓力的”。 13．She found someone was following her, so she felt very frightening． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：frightening→frightened　句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在尾隨她，所以她感到非常害怕。描述人的心理感受應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞形式的形容詞。 14．It is our belief to further expa

33、nd markets and be satisfied with existing achievements． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：satisfied→dissatisfied　句意：進(jìn)一步開拓市場(chǎng)，不滿足于現(xiàn)有成績(jī)是我們的信念。 根據(jù)上文“開拓市場(chǎng)”，說(shuō)明“不滿足于現(xiàn)有成績(jī)”。 15．What makes qigong special is that it can be done lying, sitting, or standing; thus it i

34、s access to disabled persons, seniors, and people recovering from injuries． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：access→accessible　句意：氣功的特殊之處在于它可以躺著、坐著或站著去做。所以殘疾人、老年人和傷后恢復(fù)的人都可以做。系動(dòng)詞is之后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故將access改為形容詞accessible，其意為“易接近的；容易理解的”。 構(gòu)詞法(一) 英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要可以分

35、為派生法、合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法。正確運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，有助于學(xué)生辨識(shí)閱讀中遇到的生詞的能力，更有助于考生解答語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)題中關(guān)于詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)題。 　 一、名詞的后綴 1．動(dòng)詞＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion(表示動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作過(guò)程)→名詞 correct→correction 糾正；改正 expect→expectation 期望 consider→consideration 考慮 conclude→conclusion 結(jié)論 2．動(dòng)詞＋-er/-or/-ee/-ar/-ess/-ian/-ist(表示從事某種職業(yè)或進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的人，即具體

36、表示某種“人”)→名詞 conduct→conductor 指揮；售票員 teach→teacher 教師 lie→liar 說(shuō)謊者 employ→employee 員工 art→artist 藝術(shù)家 music→musician 音樂(lè)家 3．動(dòng)詞＋-ment(表示行為狀態(tài)、過(guò)程、手段或結(jié)果)→名詞 punish→punishment 懲罰 achieve→achievement 成就 4．動(dòng)詞/形容詞＋-th→名詞 warm→warmth 溫暖；熱情 5．形容詞＋ -y/-ty/-ity→名詞 honest→ho

37、nesty 誠(chéng)實(shí) cruel→cruelty 殘忍 responsible→responsibility責(zé)任 6．形容詞＋-ness(表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì))→名詞 careless→carelessness 粗心 7．動(dòng)詞＋-ance/-ence→名詞 perform→performance 表演；業(yè)績(jī) prefer→preference 偏愛 8．名詞＋-ship(表示身份、關(guān)系或資格)→名詞 member→membership 成員；會(huì)員 9．動(dòng)詞＋-ure/-ture→名詞 fail→failure 失敗

38、 mix→mixture 混合物 10．形容詞＋-dom→名詞 free→freedom 自由 11．動(dòng)詞＋-al→名詞 arrive→arrival 到達(dá) 12．名詞＋-ful→名詞 mouth→mouthful 一口；一滿口(的量) hand→handful 一把；一把的量 二、形容詞的前綴與后綴 1．名詞＋-al(表示“有……屬性”或“與……有關(guān)”)→形容詞 agriculture→agricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)的 nation→national 國(guó)家的 2．動(dòng)詞/名詞＋-able/-ible→形容詞

39、 accept→acceptable 可接受的 access→accessible 容易達(dá)到的 3．動(dòng)詞＋-ive→形容詞 act→active 積極的 instruct→instructive 具有教育意義的 4．名詞＋-ful→形容詞 care→careful 仔細(xì)的；認(rèn)真的 5．名詞＋-y/-ly→形容詞 wealth→wealthy 富裕的 friend→friendly 友好的 6．名詞＋-ous→形容詞 danger→dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的 mountain→mountainous 多山的 7．以-s

40、ome結(jié)尾的形容詞 tire→tiresome 令人厭煩的 8．以a-為首構(gòu)成的形容詞 live→alive 活(著)的 wake→awake 醒著的 三、動(dòng)詞的前綴與后綴 1．前綴en- ＋形容詞→動(dòng)詞 rich→enrich 使豐富 large→enlarge 變大；擴(kuò)大 2．前綴en-＋名詞→動(dòng)詞 danger→endanger 危及；危害 courage→encourage 鼓勵(lì) 3．形容詞/名詞＋后綴-en→動(dòng)詞 short→shorten 縮短 sharp→sharpen 使尖銳 4．以-ify結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 s

41、imple→simplify 使簡(jiǎn)化 beauty→beautify 使美化 5．以-ize結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 real→realize 意識(shí)到 memory→memorize 識(shí)記；記憶 四、副詞的后綴 變化形式 例詞 直接加-ly(表示以某種方式) slow→slowly 緩慢地 extreme→extremely 極端 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，改y為i，加-ly happy→happily 高興地 merry→merrily 快樂(lè)地 去e加-ly true→truly 真正地 以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-y simple→

42、simply簡(jiǎn)單地 gentle→gently溫柔地 五、表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴 1．表示否定或相反意義的前綴 (1)un-/dis-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/non- 不，非 able→unable 不能夠 cover→uncover 揭露 honest→dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的 active→inactive 不活躍的 patient→impatient 不耐煩的 regular→irregular 不規(guī)則的 logical→illogical 不合邏輯的 (2)mis- 錯(cuò)誤地 lead→mislea

43、d 誤導(dǎo) 2．-less表示否定或相反意義的后綴 use→useless 無(wú)用的 hope→hopeless 毫無(wú)希望的 限時(shí)25分鐘 一、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes． 答案：careful　句意：然而，謹(jǐn)防走極端。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：-ful。動(dòng)詞be后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在名詞后加后綴-ful，可轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞，故填careful。 2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used t

44、o pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise． 答案：fairly　句意：那時(shí)候，使用蒸汽機(jī)牽引車廂，乘客們肯定會(huì)因?yàn)闊熀驮胍舳鴺O為不舒服。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴：-ly。所填詞修飾后面的形容詞unpleasant，應(yīng)用副詞；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在形容詞后加后綴-ly，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)意義的副詞。故填fairly，意為“相當(dāng)?shù)亍薄? 3．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)This development was

45、only possible with the ________ (introduce) of the electric-powered engines and lifts． 答案：introduction　句意：只有隨著電力機(jī)車和升降機(jī)的引進(jìn)，這種發(fā)展才有可能。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：-tion。所填詞位于定冠詞the之后，of之前，應(yīng)填名詞形式；根據(jù)派生詞規(guī)則，可在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-tion，變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞，故填introduction。 4．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (s

46、uccess) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900． 答案：successful　句意：中部倫敦地鐵是這些新線路中最成功的線路之一，在1900年開放營(yíng)運(yùn)。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：-ful。所填詞位于表示最高級(jí)的“the most”之后，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在名詞后加后綴-ful，構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的形容詞，故填successful，意為“成功的”。 5．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)． 答案：education　句

47、意：她決心繼續(xù)接受教育。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：-ion。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后，應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ)；根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-ion，構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的名詞，故填education。 6．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal． 答案：certainly　句意：這的確有趣，但這種生活方式有一點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴：-ly。所填詞在句子中修飾形容詞fun，應(yīng)用副詞形式；根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在形容詞后加后綴-ly，構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的

48、副詞。 7．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical ________ (equip), allowing more patients to be treated． 答案：equipment　句意：這家醫(yī)院近來(lái)已經(jīng)獲得了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，使得更多的病人可以獲得救治。所填詞位于形容詞new medical之后，應(yīng)填名詞；根據(jù)派生詞轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)則，在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-ment可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞，故填equipment。 8．(2017·天津高考) I had a very poor ________ (relation) w

49、ith food: I used it to kill bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate． 答案：relationship　句意：我與食物的關(guān)系很不和諧：我利用它來(lái)消除糟糕的心情，讓我自己感覺更好，并且用食物來(lái)慶祝。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：-ship。故填relationship，意為“(抽象的或內(nèi)在的)關(guān)系”。 9．(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out

50、a ________ (hand) of small carrots and was about to throw them away． 答案：handful　句意：去年十月，Lena Pahlsson 在照料她位于瑞典莫拉的花園時(shí)，她拔出一把小胡蘿卜，并且正要扔掉。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：-ful。所填詞位于冠詞a之后，應(yīng)填名詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，在名詞后加后綴-ful可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞，故填handful，意為“一把”。 10．(2017·浙江高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ______

51、__ (shine) object． 答案：shiny/shining　句意：但是某樣?xùn)|西讓她湊近了看，并且她注意到了一個(gè)閃光的物體。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：-y/-ing。 所填詞位于冠詞a之后，名詞object之前，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-y/-ing構(gòu)成形容詞，故填shiny/shining。 11．(2017·江蘇高考)Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her ________ (difficult)． 答案：difficu

52、lty　句意：如果沒有老師們的支持，這名學(xué)生不可能戰(zhàn)勝困難。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：-y。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后，應(yīng)填名詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在形容詞之后加后綴-y，轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞，故填difficulty。 12．(2017·江蘇高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, ________ (strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist． 答案：strengthe

53、ned　句意：《偉大前程》這部小說(shuō)的出版發(fā)行受到各界的評(píng)論和高度贊揚(yáng)，它鞏固了狄更斯作為頂尖小說(shuō)家的地位。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞的后綴：-en。所填詞作句子的謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，可在名詞后面加后綴-en，轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的動(dòng)詞，且本句描述過(guò)去的事實(shí)，故填strengthened。 13．(2016·江蘇高考)He did not compromise easily, but was willing to accept any ________ (construct) advice for a worthy cause． 答案：constructive　句意：他不會(huì)輕易妥協(xié)，但愿意

54、為一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的事業(yè)接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：-ive。所填詞在句中修飾名詞advice，作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)則，可在動(dòng)詞后面加后綴-ive，轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，故填constructive，意為“具有建設(shè)性的”。 14．(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning ________ (necessary)． 答案：unnecessary　句意：涼爽的風(fēng)吹過(guò)臥室的窗戶，使得空調(diào)都沒有必要了。所填詞涉及表示否定或相反意義的前

55、綴。所填詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填形容詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“沒有必要的”；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)則，可在形容詞前加表示“沒有，不”的前綴un-，故填unnecessary，意為“沒有必要的”。 15．(2018·黃岡中學(xué)模擬)It is ________ (danger) for a woman to walk alone at night． 答案：dangerous　句意：女子一個(gè)人走夜路很危險(xiǎn)。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：-ous。所填詞位于系動(dòng)詞is之后，作表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，在名詞后可加后綴-ous，轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的形容詞，故填dangerous，意為

56、“危險(xiǎn)的”。 16．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)In tonight's Easter special, they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious ________ (inspire) on a budget． 答案：inspiration　根據(jù)前面的形容詞“delicious”可知，后面跟名詞，形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填inspiration。 17．(2018·天津高考)Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going t

57、o win, but to my ________ (disappoint) we were defeated． 答案：disappointment　句意：作為新隊(duì)的教練，我非常興奮，因?yàn)槲抑牢覀冴?duì)要贏，但是令我失望的是，我們輸了。根據(jù)空格前的my可知，應(yīng)填名詞形式，故填disappointment。 18．(2018·衡水調(diào)研)Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would ________ (normal) cost $3．25 to go in and see the film． 答案：normally　根據(jù)空格位置

58、可知，此處修飾動(dòng)詞cost，故填提示詞的副詞形式normally。 19．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The most ________ (hope) data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading． 答案：hopeful　句意：報(bào)告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的數(shù)據(jù)是：在閱讀方面，父母是孩子的榜樣和重要的楷模。使用形容詞，修飾后面的名詞data，作定語(yǔ)。 20．(2018

59、·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold ________ (discover) in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come． 答案：discoveries　句意：城里到處都是不想安家定居的失望的人們，并且當(dāng)他們聽說(shuō)在阿拉斯加發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子的時(shí)候，他們像來(lái)的時(shí)候那樣，迅速地離開了道森城。結(jié)合前面的“new go

60、ld”可知，后面跟名詞形式，同時(shí)根據(jù)there were是復(fù)數(shù)，故填discoveries。 21．(2018·江蘇高考)The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without ________ (fundament) changes to the industry． 答案：fundamental　句意：不過(guò)，如果產(chǎn)業(yè)沒有發(fā)生基本變化的話，小農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的可持續(xù)發(fā)展不會(huì)發(fā)生。結(jié)合后面的名詞changes可知，前面使用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。 22．(2018·浙江高考)Cooking food can be fun．

61、 You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your ________ (healthy) but in your pocket． 答案：health　句意：烹飪食物是一件有趣的事。你可能開始注意到它對(duì)你的健康和你的錢包的影響。根據(jù)前面的形容詞性物主代詞your可知，后面跟名詞，故填health。 23．(2018·天津高考)Despite recent ________ (advance) in 3-D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome

62、． 答案：advancements　結(jié)合前面的形容詞“recent”可知，后面跟名詞，故填advancements。 24．(2018·甘肅西北師大附中診斷)With each shovel of dirt which hit his back, the donkey was doing something ________ (amaze)． 答案：amazing　形容詞修飾something等不定代詞，且應(yīng)位于其后，此處表示“令人驚訝的”，故填amazing。 25．(2019·江蘇啟東中學(xué)月考)When you set off for your appointment, make

63、________ (allow) for the traffic and make sure you are on time, or even a little bit early． 答案：allowance　句意：當(dāng)你出發(fā)去赴約時(shí)，要考慮到交通因素，確保你準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)，或者提前到達(dá)。make allowance for sth． “考慮到某事”，故填allowance。 26．(2018·廣東二模)Since the TV adaption has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the ________ (or

64、igin) book to get ahead． 答案：original　此處需用形容詞修飾名詞book，指原版書，故填original。 27．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes． 答案：strengthen　在不定式符號(hào)to后面用動(dòng)詞原形。 28．(2019·深圳耀華實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校月考)Life is jus

65、t a blank cloth—you can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts (鬼) and ________ (danger) people． 答案：dangerous　修飾后面的名詞people，使用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，指危險(xiǎn)的人們。 29．(2018·天津高考)The ________ (possible)that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the

66、 outer space． 答案：possibility　定冠詞the后面接名詞，故填possibility。 30．(2019·山西大學(xué)附中高三模塊診斷)How would you feel if you woke up and found your entire computers—including your photos, your recent documents—no longer ________ (access)? 答案：accessible　此處是find＋sb．/sth．＋adj．意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人(物)……”。形容詞作find的賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以填accessible。 二、 單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ改編)There has been a recent trend in the food serve industry toward lower fat content and less salt． ________________________________________________________________________ 答