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2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第11講 名詞性從句學(xué)案
1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (xx浙江卷)
A. that B. what
C. how D. whether
【答案及解析】1. B 考查主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意:這種藥將會(huì)帶來(lái)什么樣的副作用還不確定,
2、雖然已有大約兩千人在吃這種藥。it為形式主語(yǔ),______ side effect the medicine will bring about為真正的主語(yǔ)。還原句子: the medicine will bring about______ side effect,side effect前缺少一個(gè)修飾詞,故用what。
2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
— No problem. (xx浙江卷)
A. when
3、 B. that
C. whether D. what
【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:“你有可能到機(jī)場(chǎng)來(lái)接我嗎?”“沒(méi)問(wèn)題?!眣ou could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具體內(nèi)容,故是同位語(yǔ)。又因這個(gè)從句不缺任何句子成分,故用that引導(dǎo)。
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此,名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位從句。
1.連接代詞:who, whose, whom, what,
4、which。有詞義,在從句中充當(dāng)成分,如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等。
2.連接副詞:when, where, why, how。有詞義,在從句中充當(dāng)成分,作狀語(yǔ)。
3.連接詞:that, whether, if, as if。that 無(wú)詞義,在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,有時(shí)可省略;if (whether), as if雖有詞義,但在從句中不充當(dāng)成分。
注意:名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序———陳述語(yǔ)序
他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。
How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×)
How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√
5、)
主語(yǔ)從句的用法
1.主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)。如:
Who_will_go is not important.
2.用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。如:
It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_e_or_not.
3.that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不能省略。如:
That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised.
表語(yǔ)從句的用法
1.表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ),位于系動(dòng)詞之后。如:
The question was who_could_go_there.
2.
6、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。
My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_rades_to_help_in_the_work.
賓語(yǔ)從句的用法
1.賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般可省略。如:
I hope (that) everything is all right.
2.介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或 whether。如:
I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.
同位語(yǔ)從句的用法
同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某些抽象名
7、詞的同位語(yǔ),說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這類(lèi)抽象名詞有:
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
1.whether與if的區(qū)別
(1)只能用if的情況
①賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí),只用if,不用whether。 如:
I wonder if it doesn't rain.
②引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí),只能用if,而不能用whether。如:
8、 Please e to see me if_you_have_time.
(2)只能用whether的情況
①用if 會(huì)引起誤解,就要用whether。如:
Please let me know whether you want to go.
(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當(dāng)成條件句理解)
②賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether 與or not直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。如:
I don't know whether_or_not the report is true.
9、 I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not.
③介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句,還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,以上均不能換成if。如:
It depends on_whether we have enough time.
They don't know whether_to_go there.
2.名詞性從句中主句和從句的主謂一致
(1)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
10、用單數(shù)。
(2)如果由and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
(3)由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet.
When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet.
3. 疑問(wèn)詞 + ever 和 no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞的區(qū)別
(1)疑問(wèn)詞 + ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在
11、主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。如:
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主語(yǔ))
(2)疑問(wèn)詞 + ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
(3)no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
4. 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的修飾語(yǔ),它不涉
12、及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語(yǔ)從句中that起連接作用,且充當(dāng)句子成分,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
同位語(yǔ)從句表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,無(wú)具體含義,且不可省略。如:
We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed.
(定語(yǔ)從句)
We expressed the hope that_they_would_e_to
China_again. (同位語(yǔ)從句)
5. it作形式主語(yǔ)的常用句型
It is pos
13、sible/important/necessary/clear/true that…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很對(duì)……
It is said/ reported/believed that…據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……
It has been announced/declared that…已經(jīng)通知/宣布……
It seems/appears/happens…that似乎/顯然、明顯/碰巧……
It is no wonder that…并不奇怪/無(wú)疑……
It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/mon knowledge (眾所周知)/a mon saying… (俗話說(shuō)……)