2020高中英語高考二輪復(fù)習學案——專題五 動詞和動詞短語

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1、KS5U2020高考二輪復(fù)習英語學案 專題五 動詞和動詞短語 【典例精析】1.（2020年全國卷I， 23）The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early. A. covered B. reached C. played D. lasted 【解析】A 句意：這次演出持續(xù)了近三個小時，但是很少有人提前離開劇院。Last持續(xù)，繼續(xù)；cover 覆蓋，包括，涉及，足以支付；reach 到達，夠得著；play 扮演，玩。 2.（202

2、0年安徽卷，28）-----Are you happy with your new computer? ----- No, it is _______ me a lot of trouble. A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing 【解析】C句意：---你對你的新的計算機滿意嗎？---不，它給我?guī)碓S多麻煩。四個選項中的動詞都可以接雙賓語，但意義不同。Show sb sth.給某人看某物，出示某物給某人看；leave sb sth.給某人留下某物；give sb sth.給某人某物；spare sb

3、 sth.為某人抽出……,有對話情景判斷應(yīng)用動詞give. 3.（2020年江蘇卷，31）—I’m still working on my project. —Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is ______. A. running out B. going out C. giving out D. losing out 【解析】A句意：---我仍然在做這個項目。---啊！你肯定不能如期完成了。因為快沒時間了。當表示時間用完、耗盡的時候多用run out。 give out 分發(fā)，精疲力竭。 4.（2020年山東卷

4、，28）The fact that she never apologized ______ a lot about what kind of person she is. A. says B. talks C. appears D. declares 【解析】A 句意：她從來不道歉這個事實說明了她是怎樣一個人。say 的意思是“說明，表明”，say a lot about 也是一個短語，意思是“說明什么”，符合題意；talk 的意思是“說話，談話”，不符合句子內(nèi)容；appear 的意思是“看起來”，不合句意；declare的意思是

5、“宣告，聲稱”，詞義太大，明顯不符合句子內(nèi)容。 5.（2020年江西卷，25） I _____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. A. make B. look C. take D. think 【解析】C句意：應(yīng)當給予原材料供應(yīng)商公平的價格，我把這一點作為公司的基本原則。句中that suppliers of raw

6、 materials should be given a fair price for their products 是句子的真正賓語，it是形式賓語，as a basic principle of the company為補語。take…as 把….看作，符合句意。Make, look 和think 與as 搭配無此含義。 6.（2020年遼寧卷，25）You have to be a fairly good speaker to ______ listeners’ interest for over an hour. A. hold B. make

7、 C. improve D. receive 【解析】A句意：你是一個相當好的演說家，能抓住聽眾的興趣達1個多小時。hold one’s interest固定搭配，譯為：吸引某人的興趣。 7.（2020年浙江卷，14.）American Indian ______ about five percent of the U.S. population. A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up 【解析】C句意：美國印第安人大約占美國人口總數(shù)的5％.fill

8、up裝滿，填滿；bring up教育，培養(yǎng)，提出； make up占（比例，成分等）；編造，虛構(gòu)，化妝，補足；set up豎立起來，建立，成立。 8.（2020年湖北卷，27） The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ its reality. A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off 【解析】B句意：現(xiàn)在的情況非常復(fù)雜，因此我想過些時間我才能夠弄清楚

9、它的實際情況。Make up編造；figure out 弄清楚，弄明白；look through瀏覽，快速查看；put off推遲。由句意可知B項正確。 9.（2020年天津卷，13） Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together. A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match 【解析】D句意：她的鞋和帽子很匹配，搭配的很好。本體考察近義詞辨析，suit是只顏色，花樣或款式等搭配；fit是大小、尺寸等正合適；compare

10、比較；match 指兩個東西相稱、匹配。 10.（09海南）6. Edward, you play so well. But I___you played the piano. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known 【解析】A。 句意為：愛德華,你打得好。但我不知道你彈鋼琴。所談?wù)摰氖侵高^去行為，故用過去式。 11.（09福建）11. We are at your service. Don’t_____to turn to us if you have any further p

11、roblems. A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek 【解析】B 動詞詞義辨析。beg：乞求，乞討，懇求；hesitate：猶豫，躊躇；desire：欲望；愿望；seek：試圖，要求。題干意思是：我們?yōu)槟惴?wù)。當你有任何問題時，請毫不猶豫的向我們求助。 12.（09湖北）14. The loss has not yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million doll

12、ars. A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled 【解析】A. 根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“損失（數(shù)據(jù)）還沒統(tǒng)計……”，應(yīng)選擇calculated。considered“考慮”，completed“完成”，controlled“控制”均不符合上下文。 13.（09湖北）15. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ______ their kids from every kind of danger, real or

13、imagined. A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish 【解析】C 根據(jù)上句Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要說父母們想庇蔭孩子們不受到任何傷害。shelter做動詞可表示“保護；庇護”。spot“弄臟，認出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，定位”，dismiss“開除，使解散”，distinguish“區(qū)別”。 14.（09海南）42. Encourage your children to try new things, but try n

14、ot to___them too hard. A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push 【解析】D。 句意為：鼓勵你的孩子去嘗試新事物,但不要把它們太難了。push 推，擠，逼迫；strike v. 打,罷工,劃燃rush v. 沖進,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,畫,繪制。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選D。 15.（09湖北）13. During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the

15、wealthy families had to ______ bread for days. A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with 【解析】C 動詞短語。根據(jù)上句During the war there was a serious lack of food可推測出“即或是富裕家庭也得幾天吃不上面包”，應(yīng)選擇do without表示“不用/吃……勉強度過”。eat up“吃完”，give away“收拾”，deal with“應(yīng)付，處理”。 16.（09江西）16. It

16、is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out 【解析】C 本題考查動詞短語。根據(jù)題意可知應(yīng)選look into “調(diào)查”。 17.（09海南）17. I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t__________. A. get along B. get on

17、 C. get to D. get through 【解析】D。 短語動詞，考查考生對詞義的判斷能力。句意為：我試著給她辦公室打電話，但沒有打通。get along 進展，相處。get on 上車；get to到達；get through通過。依據(jù)句意，選D。 【專題突破】動詞和動詞短語做題技巧點撥：考生在做動詞和動詞短語的試題時首先應(yīng)該清楚所用動詞和短語的意思，然后再依據(jù)語境、語義、詞的搭配排除；也可以從詞的搭配著手，有時只從句子的內(nèi)容來看，幾個選項似乎都合適，但只要從詞的搭配上一看便知道答案；很多動詞與介詞或副詞連在一起構(gòu)成固定的搭配從而形成動詞短語或短語動

18、詞，不能隨意更改，要正確把握它們的意思這樣就可以突破。 1.—How lovely these children are! —Yeah．They______ memories of my childhood． A. called out B. called for C. called up D. called on 2. Many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their studies. A. are addicted to; it B. get engaged in

19、; which C. are related to; what D. are addicted to; which 3．After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane____her job as a doctor in the countryside. A．set out B．took over C．took up D．set up 4. Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome al

20、l difficulties. A. give away B. affect with C. suffer from D. deal with 5. The shop assistant was fired as she was _________ of cheating customers． A．a(chǎn)ccused B．charged C．blamed D．caught 6. Asked suddenly about the matter ,he couldn’t_____an answer at once. A. come up wi

21、th B. look for C. put up with D. answer for 7.My daughter is not sure what to_______ at the university; she can’t make up her mind about her future. A. take up B. make up C. pick up D. build up 8. His colleagues ______ him though he himself didn’t think he had done anythi

22、ng special. A. thought highly of B. looked up to C. sing high praise of D. show great respect for 9. Hard work and lack of sleep have _____ her beauty and youth in recent years． A. worn out B.tried out C made out D．sent out 10. It’s obvious that

23、 the Beijing Olympic Games a great seccess． A．kept B．showed C proved D．remained 參考答案及解析 1.【解析】C call out“出動, 向…叫喊”， call for “需要，要求”， call up“召集, 使想起, 提出, 打電話給”， call on“號召, 呼吁, 約請, 訪問”。此句意思是“他們引起了我對童年的回憶?！币虼诉xC。 2.【解析】A be addicted to 意思是“對…上癮”，符合題意。And 是一個并

24、列連詞，后面應(yīng)該是并列句，而不是從句，因此排除B和D。be related to“與…有關(guān)”，不符合題意，因此排除。 3.【解析】C set out“出發(fā), 開始” take over“接收, 接管”take up“從事” set up“設(shè)立”根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選C。 4.【解析】C give away“分發(fā), 放棄, 泄露”， affect“影響”及物動詞， suffer from“遭受” ，deal with“處理”。從“ we are sure to overcome all difficulties.”這句話可以推斷出前半句的意思應(yīng)該是“盡管我們遭受著嚴重的自然災(zāi)害”，因此應(yīng)選C。 5

25、.【解析】A be accused of “被控告” accused與of 搭配，符合題意。 be charged with“被控告”charge 和with 搭配。 blame “責備”。 6.【解析】A come up with“得出答案” look for“尋找” put up with“提出” answer for“負責”根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)該選A. 7.【解析】A 句意：我的女兒在大學里不知道學什么，對自己的未來他心里還沒有底。take up開始學；開始從事。make up組成，構(gòu)成；編造；pick up拾起；學到；獲得；build up逐步建立；增強。 8.【解析】A think

26、highly of 固定搭配，譯為“對…評價高”符合題意。Show great respect 后應(yīng)用介詞to, C 說法錯誤，look up to 向上看，不合題意。 9.【解析】A worn out耗盡，筋疲力盡； tried out試驗, 考驗, 提煉；make out書寫, 填寫, 拼湊, 進展, 說明, 設(shè)法應(yīng)付, 理解, 辨認出; sent out發(fā)出。 10.【解析】C show sb sth 出示某物給某人看；keep保持；prove證明是；符合題意，remain仍然。 【學法導航】動詞是高考的一個重點，除了時態(tài)和語態(tài)外，動詞（尤其是常用動詞）和動詞詞組也是高考必考考點

27、，因此大家平時應(yīng)十分關(guān)注動詞和動詞詞組。同時動詞和動詞短語是英語教學的重點，也是學生學習的難點、易混點，尤其是歷年來高考考題的必考點。學生在該題上往往失分，其原因為易混詞區(qū)分，短語記憶不牢，熟詞生義沒有掌握，熟悉短語生僻意思沒有掌握，由相同的副詞和介詞組成的短語辨別不開等造成的，為此我建議同學們在復(fù)習中要注意：1、記熟常用、高頻動詞和動詞短語意思；2、弄清相近動詞和短語意思辨析；3、掌握動詞后面相同的副詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語辨析；4.做題要語境、語義、詞義結(jié)合。 【專題綜合】 1. The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her student’s ne

28、rvousness when then speak English. A. breaking down B. going over C. taking off D. giving away 2. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency. A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on 3. You _____only half

29、the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ? A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered 4. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it. A. switched; on B. kicked; up C. turned; over D. took;

30、on 5. At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects. A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled 6. — So, how is your new roommate ? — She really ____. She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her

31、 , she always makes rude remarks. A. turns me over B. turns me down C. turns me off D. turns me out 7. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert. A. hold down B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out 8. — Would you like

32、to go to Paris with us next year ? — I’d like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young. A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains 9. There’s no bear left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to _______. A. go out B. go off C. go without

33、 D. go through 10. The film “World without thieves” ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema. A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized 11. Dressed untidily and speaking in a strange way, Father must have ______ to the people present to be a

34、 silly old man. A. appeared B. pretended C. shown D. thought 12. Thomas Alva Edison didn’t “invent” the light bulb, but rather he ______ a 50 –year –old idea, which is not well –known. A. improved upon B. take down C. put up D. break away 13. You’d better __

35、____ some hot water into the bottle in case the teacools down. A. add B. fill C. fill in D. put 14. After retirement, Mr. Smith ______ painting, which he had always loved but had not had time for. A. took up B. got up C. help up D. looked up

36、 15. She tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the sweat on her forehead _____ her ____. A. gave; away B. tuned; down C. showed; out D. shut; off 參考答案及解析 1.【解析】A 句意：這位老師有一種疏導學生在說英語時產(chǎn)生的緊張情緒的獨特方法。 Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into sm

37、aller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 復(fù)習； take off脫下，起飛；give away分發(fā)，贈給，泄露（秘密）。 2.【解析】A 句意：有船只嚴陣以待，預(yù)防緊急情況。stand by 為不及物短語：to wait and be ready for action if needed 準備行動；待機；turn on 打開；get on進展；run down撞倒。根據(jù)句意，B 、C、D 三項均不符合。 3.【解析】D句意：你僅出半價，店員怎么會把這件夾克賣給你呢？offer: t

38、o say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出價六萬英鎊買這所房子。 Charge(收費)不符合題意。撫講價（offer）而后才能藥費（spend）或支付（pay）幫A、B兩項不合常理。 4.【解析】C句意：在采取措施之前，他在腦中將這個問題反復(fù)思考了一個星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔細考慮；switch on把開關(guān)打開；kick up引起；take on呈現(xiàn)、雇用、承擔。 5.【解析】C trouble主要指遇上難解決的問題而使人苦惱、憂慮；pu

39、zzled 指人是困惑的，因此將A、D兩項排除；根據(jù)句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混亂的（confused）,而不受到了人為的干擾（disturbed）,才會導致不可預(yù)見的影響。因此選擇C項。 6.【解析】C turn sb.over :把……移交，把……交給；turn sb. down:拒絕；turn sb.off :使對（某人）感到厭煩、使不感興趣；turn sb.out:驅(qū)逐，趕走。根據(jù)句意“她總是在午夜弄出很大的響聲，我提醒她時，她還總是說些粗魯?shù)脑挕?，由此可知她是使我煩透了，選擇C項。 7.【解析】C hold down壓制，限制；hold up推遲，耽擱；hold back阻擋，

40、抑制；hold out提供，提出。句意：人們種了大量的樹，為了陰擋風和沙塵。由此可知答案為C項。 8【解析】C前三項意思相同，都可以表示“反對（做）、某事”：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。但是objiet還可接賓語從句，這時它為及物動詞，意思為“提出異議”。前一句邀請對方一起去Paris，答話人說他很愿意去，但是媽媽提出異議說他年齡太小。D項explain雖然也可執(zhí)著that 從句，但是它的含義為“解釋”不能明確地說明媽媽的態(tài)度是贊成還是反對。 9．【解析】C go out外出，熄滅；go o

41、ff爆炸，中斷；go through通過，完成，經(jīng)歷；go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒賣完了，酒吧也都關(guān)門了，所以你只好將就一下了。 10．【解析】B易誤選C，win 指贏得了比賽、獎勵、勝利等，不可以與a great success 連用。Enjoy享有，如：He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 本題中的enjoy a great success 意為 win large sales。句意：《天下無賊》一舉成功，同時也給電影院帶來了巨大的盈利。 11．【解析】A 句意：父親衣冠不整，談吐怪異，在在場者眼中，父親想必顯得是一個傻老人的形象。

42、解題的關(guān)鍵在于是否能將to the people present(present“在場的”，作后置定語修飾the people)準確地分離出來。 12．【解析】A句意：鮮為人知是的，愛迪生并沒有發(fā)明燈炮，而是在其50年前的發(fā)明上改進了電燈泡（把燈絲壽命延長到13.5小時）。Improve on/upon超過，改進；take down把……拆卸開；put up張貼，搭建；break away擺脫。 13．【解析】D句意：你最好往瓶子里倒些熱水，以免茶變涼。比較下列句子：You’d better put some hot water into the bottle. You’d better

43、add some hot water to the cold water .You’d better fill the bottle with some hot water. 14．【解析】A句意：退休后，史密斯先生開始繪畫了，這是他從前喜愛，卻又沒有時間做的事情。take up: begin to spend time doing開始花時間從事（某項活動）；get up起床，起立;hold up推遲；look up查找、改善。 15．【解析】A 句意：她努力地試圖在學生面前保持鎮(zhèn)定，但是她前額的汗水使她露了馬腳。Give away: reveal露出了馬腳；turn sb .down 拒絕；show sb.out帶某人出去；shut sb.off使隔絕。