新視野第三版 第一冊(cè) 課后翻譯答案

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1、新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第三版）第一冊(cè)課后翻譯答案及原文 Unit 1 原文： Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基礎(chǔ)) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous studen

2、t Plato.Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made im

3、portant and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (認(rèn)識(shí)論) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed.Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own

4、time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派). 翻譯： 蘇格拉底是古希臘哲學(xué)家，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代西方哲學(xué)的奠基人。他是一個(gè)謎一般的人物，人們主要通過(guò)后來(lái)的一些古典作家的敘述，尤其是他最著名的學(xué)生柏拉圖的作品去了解他。蘇格拉底以他對(duì)倫理學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)而聞名。他的教學(xué)法亦稱為蘇格拉底法，即通過(guò)提問(wèn)和回答來(lái)激發(fā)批判性思維以及闡述觀點(diǎn)。該方法在各種討論中仍被普遍使用。

5、他還在認(rèn)識(shí)論和邏輯領(lǐng)域做出了重大而深遠(yuǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)。他的思想和方法所帶來(lái)的影響一直是后來(lái)的西方哲學(xué)的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。蘇格拉底是古代哲學(xué)史上最豐富多彩的人物。他在他那個(gè)時(shí)代已威名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。雖然他未曾建立什么哲學(xué)體系，未曾設(shè)立什么學(xué)派，也未曾創(chuàng)立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就變得家喻戶曉了。 原文： 孔子是中國(guó)歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的“圣人”（sage）。 他的言論和生平活動(dòng)記錄在《論語(yǔ)》（The Analects）一書中?！墩撜Z(yǔ)》是中國(guó)古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對(duì)后來(lái)歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。不研究《論語(yǔ)》，就不能真正把握中國(guó)幾千年

6、的傳統(tǒng)文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。在21世紀(jì)的今天，孔子的學(xué)說(shuō)不僅受到中國(guó)人的重視，而且也越來(lái)越受到整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)的重視。 翻譯： Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An

7、enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius' thought, especi

8、ally his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. Unit 2 原文： Christmas is a widely observed cultural holid

9、ay, celebrated on December 25 by millions of people around the world. It commemorates (紀(jì)念) the birth of Jesus Christ. The festival dated from as early as 336 AD. Gradually it evolved into a religious as well as secular (非宗教的) celebration, celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians. Today C

10、hristmas is observed as an important festival and public holiday around the world. Christmas customs differ in different countries. Popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange of Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas singing, church attendance, the display of various Christmas decoratio

11、ns and trees, family gatherings, and a special meal preparation. To small children, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise. Legend (傳說(shuō)) has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through the chimney and bring gifts to well-behaved children on Christmas Eve. Because gift-giving and many othe

12、r aspects of the Christmas festival heighten economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has also become a significant event and a key sales period for businesses. 翻譯： 圣誕節(jié)是一個(gè)被廣泛慶祝的文化節(jié)日，全世界有許許多多的人在1 2月2 5日慶祝這一節(jié)日。它是為了紀(jì)念耶穌基督的誕辰。該節(jié)日最早可追溯到公元3 3 6年。漸漸地，這一節(jié)日演變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)既是宗教又是非宗教的節(jié)日，越

13、來(lái)越多的非基督徒也慶祝圣誕節(jié)。如今，圣誕節(jié)在全球被作為一個(gè)重大的節(jié)日和公共假日來(lái)慶祝。不同國(guó)家的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗也各不相同?，F(xiàn)代流行的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗包括交換圣誕賀卡和圣誕禮物、唱圣誕歌曲、參加教堂活動(dòng)、擺放各種圣誕裝飾品和圣誕樹、舉行家庭聚會(huì)以及準(zhǔn)備一頓特別的大餐。對(duì)小孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)節(jié)日充滿了幻想和驚喜。據(jù)傳說(shuō)，圣誕老人會(huì)在圣誕夜從煙囪進(jìn)入每戶人家，給乖巧聽話的孩子帶來(lái)禮物。由于圣誕節(jié)送禮物以及許多其他方面推動(dòng)了基督徒和非基督徒的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，圣誕節(jié)也因此成為商家的一個(gè)重大活動(dòng)和主要銷售季。 原文： 每 年 農(nóng) 歷（Chinese lunar calendar）八 月 十 五 是我 國(guó) 的 傳 統(tǒng) 節(jié)

14、 日 —— 中 秋 節(jié)（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。這時(shí)是一年秋季的中期，所以被稱為中秋。中秋節(jié)的一項(xiàng)重要活動(dòng)是賞月。夜晚，人們賞明月、吃月餅，共慶中秋佳節(jié)。中秋節(jié)也是家庭團(tuán)圓的時(shí)刻，遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的游子，會(huì)借此寄托自己對(duì)故鄉(xiāng)和親人的思念之情。中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗很多，都寄托著人們對(duì)美好生活的熱愛和向往。自2008年起，中秋節(jié)成為中國(guó)的法定節(jié)假日 翻譯： According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival — the Mid-Autumn

15、 Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a t

16、ime for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing people's love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an o

17、fficial national holiday in China. Unit 3 原文： he London Underground is a rapid transit (交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)) system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London. The underground system is also known as the Tube, due to the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels. It all started in the mid-

18、1800s. The Tube was the world's first underground train system, with the first section opening in 1863. Since then it has grown to an underground masterpiece (杰作) of 12 lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail track, 45% of which is underground. It is the fourth largest metro system in the wo

19、rld in terms of route miles. It also has one of the largest numbers of stations. As an affordable and easy way to get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for millions of commuters each day, as well as tourists visiting the city on holidays. The Tube has been an international icon for Lo

20、ndon. The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of operation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone (里程碑). 翻譯： 倫敦地鐵是英國(guó)的一個(gè)快速交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，服務(wù)于大倫敦的大部分地區(qū)。地鐵系統(tǒng)因其地鐵隧道的典型形狀也被稱為地下管道。倫敦地鐵始建于19 世紀(jì)中期，是世界上最早的地下鐵路系統(tǒng)。它的第一段地鐵于1863 年開始運(yùn)營(yíng)。自此，倫敦地鐵不斷延伸，發(fā)展成為一個(gè)包括12條線路、275個(gè)車站、鐵軌總長(zhǎng)超過(guò)250 英里的地鐵杰作，其中有45％在地下運(yùn)行。就路

21、線長(zhǎng)度而言，它是世界上第四大地鐵系統(tǒng)，也是車站數(shù)量最多的地鐵系統(tǒng)之一。作為一個(gè)走遍倫敦的經(jīng)濟(jì)便捷的途徑，倫敦地鐵一向是每天數(shù)百萬(wàn)通勤者以及在節(jié)假日游歷倫敦的游客的首選。倫敦地鐵已成為倫敦的一個(gè)國(guó)際標(biāo)志。2013 年倫敦舉辦了各種各樣的活動(dòng)，慶祝地鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)150 周年，紀(jì)念這一里程碑。 原文： 中國(guó)航天業(yè)開創(chuàng)于1956年。幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)航天事業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)又一個(gè)奇跡。1970年，中國(guó)成功發(fā)射了第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星，成為世界上第五個(gè)獨(dú)立自主研制和發(fā)射人造地球衛(wèi)星的國(guó)家。1992年，中國(guó)開始實(shí)施載人航天飛行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中國(guó)成功發(fā)射了"神舟五

22、號(hào)"載人飛船，使中國(guó)成為第三個(gè)發(fā)射載人飛船的國(guó)家。2007年發(fā)射了"嫦娥一號(hào)"，即第一顆繞月球飛行（lunar-orbiting）的人造衛(wèi)星。2013年，第五艘載人飛船"神舟十號(hào)"發(fā)射成功，為中國(guó)空間站的建設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ)。 翻譯： China's space industry was launched in 1956. Over the past decades, China's space industry has created one miracle after another. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satel

23、lite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. In 2003 China launched?Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manne

24、d spaceships. In 2007?Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space. In 2013?Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station. Unit 4 原文： As one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia

25、 through China, Marco Polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign merchant and voyager to the Chinese people. He traveled extensively (廣泛地) with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for 17 of those years. His book?The Travels of Marco Polo?depicts his jo

26、urneys throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into the Far East, including China, India, and Japan. From his written accounts the Westerners learned of porcelain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the first time. The wealth of new geographic information r

27、ecorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries during the age of the European voyages of discovery and conquest (征服). In the centuries since his death, Marco Polo has received the recognition that failed to come his way during his lifetime. Marco Polo's story has inspired co

28、untless other adventurers to set off and see the world. 翻譯： 作為通過(guò)中國(guó)游歷亞洲的首批歐洲人之一，馬可?波羅可能是中國(guó)人最熟知的外國(guó)商人和航海家。從1271 年到1295 年，他和他的家人游歷廣泛，遍及歐洲和亞洲。期間，他在中國(guó)留居了17 年。他的著作《馬可?波羅游記》描述了他游歷亞洲的旅程，讓歐洲人首次全面領(lǐng)略了包括中國(guó)、印度和日本在內(nèi)的遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的情況。從他的文字?jǐn)⑹鲋?，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火藥、印刷術(shù)、紙幣以及絲綢。在15 世紀(jì)末和16 世紀(jì)歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)及征服的大航海時(shí)代，馬可?波羅所記錄的大量新的地理信息得到了廣泛使用

29、。在他去世后的這幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，馬可?波羅獲得了他在有生之年未曾獲得的贊譽(yù)。馬可?波羅的故事鼓舞了其他無(wú)數(shù)的探險(xiǎn)者去踏上征程，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界。 原文： 鄭和是中國(guó)歷史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。公元1405 年，明朝的統(tǒng)治者為了穩(wěn)固邊防（border defense）和開展海上貿(mào)易，派鄭和下西洋（the Western Seas）。在此后的28 年里，鄭和帶領(lǐng)船隊(duì)七下西洋，前后出海的人員有10 多萬(wàn)人，訪問(wèn)了30 多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。船隊(duì)縱橫南亞、西亞，一直到非洲大陸。鄭和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壯舉，它展現(xiàn)了鄭和卓越的航海和組織才能，同時(shí)展現(xiàn)了明朝的國(guó)

30、力和國(guó)威（national strength and prestige），加強(qiáng)了明朝和海外各國(guó)之間的關(guān)系。 翻譯： Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history. In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea. In the following 28 y

31、ears, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions. The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa. Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas

32、were a great feat in the world's navigation history. It showed Zheng He's outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries. Unit 5

33、原文： The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 BC. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus (宙斯). The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The Olympic symbol consists of

34、 five interlaced rings of equal dimensions, representing the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. The Olympics truly took off as an international sporting event after 1924, when the 8th Olympic Games were held in Paris. Some 3,000 a

35、thletes from 44 nations competed that year, and for the first time the Games featured a closing ceremony. The Winter Olympics debuted (問(wèn)世) that year, including such events as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon. Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics returned to Athen

36、s for the first time in more than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes from 201 countries competed, breaking the then record of participating countries. 翻譯： 有關(guān)古代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的最早文字記載可追溯至公元前776年。古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)每4年舉辦一次，在8月6日及9月19日之間的一個(gè)紀(jì)念宙斯的宗教節(jié)日期間舉行。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)于1896年在希臘雅典舉辦。奧運(yùn)會(huì)的標(biāo)志由五個(gè)大小相同的套環(huán)組成，代表著五大洲的聯(lián)合和來(lái)自世界各地運(yùn)動(dòng)員的大聚會(huì)。奧運(yùn)會(huì)真正騰

37、飛、成為一項(xiàng)國(guó)際體育盛會(huì)是在1924年之后，即第8屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在巴黎舉辦之后。這一年，來(lái)自44個(gè)國(guó)家約3,000名運(yùn)動(dòng)員同場(chǎng)競(jìng)技，并且第一次在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上增加了閉幕式這一儀式。同年，冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)首次亮相，比賽項(xiàng)目包括花樣滑冰、冰球、雪橇和冬季兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。80年后，2004年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)在相隔一個(gè)多世紀(jì)后再次在雅典舉辦，來(lái)自201個(gè)國(guó)家的近11,000名運(yùn)動(dòng)員展開競(jìng)技，創(chuàng)下參賽國(guó)數(shù)量之最。 原文： 太極拳（Tai Chi）是一種武術(shù)（martial arts）項(xiàng)目，也是一種健身運(yùn)動(dòng)，在中國(guó)有著悠久的歷史。太極拳動(dòng)作緩慢而柔和，適合任何年齡、性別、體型的人練習(xí)。太極拳既可防身，又能強(qiáng)身健體，因而深受中國(guó)人的

38、喜愛。太極拳在發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，借鑒并吸收了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)、醫(yī)術(shù)、武術(shù)的合理內(nèi)容（element），成為特色鮮明的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。作為中國(guó)特有的一種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式，太極拳也越來(lái)越受到眾多外國(guó)朋友的喜愛。 翻譯： Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China. With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practi

39、ce. It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body. Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people. During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into a spor

40、t with unique features. As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends. Unit 6 原文： Gap year (間隔年) refers to a period of time —not necessarily a year — in which students take time off and do something other than schooling, such as travel or wor

41、k. The year out is most commonly taken after high school and before going to university. During this time, a student might travel, engage in volunteer work or undertake (承擔(dān)) a working holiday abroad. A new trend is to participate in international education programs that combine language study, home

42、stays, cultural exchange, community service, and independent study. The practice of taking a year out developed in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. It has grown very popular among students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. In the United States, however, the practice of taking a year off

43、 remains the exception (例外). But in recent years, taking a year out has become slightly more common for Americans. Some 40,000 American students participated in 2013 in gap year programs, an increase of almost 20% since 2006. Universities such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Massachuset

44、ts Institute of Technology have formal policies allowing students to defer (延期) admission. 翻譯： 間隔年指的是學(xué)生休假不去上學(xué)而去旅游或工作等的一段時(shí)間，但不一定是一年。間隔年通常選在高中畢業(yè)和進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前的一段時(shí)間。在這段時(shí)間里，學(xué)生可以旅游、參加志愿者工作或者在國(guó)外邊打工邊度假。一種新潮流是參加集語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)、住家、文化交流、社區(qū)服務(wù)和自主學(xué)習(xí)于一體的國(guó)際教育活動(dòng)。間隔年的做法于20世紀(jì)60年代興起于英國(guó)。它在英國(guó)、澳大利亞、新西蘭和加拿大已經(jīng)變得非常流行。但是在美國(guó)，間隔年的做法仍然只是個(gè)別現(xiàn)象。

45、不過(guò)近年來(lái)，間隔年對(duì)美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)變得稍微普遍起來(lái)。2013年有大約四萬(wàn)美國(guó)學(xué)生參加了間隔年活動(dòng)，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯頓大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院等大學(xué)都有明文規(guī)定允許學(xué)生延遲入學(xué)。 原文： 改革開放以來(lái)，中國(guó)的教育事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，取得了引人矚目的成就。中國(guó)政府把教育擺在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地位，堅(jiān)持科教興國(guó)（revitalize the country），全面提倡素質(zhì)教育 (quality-oriented education)。同時(shí)，積極推進(jìn)教育公平，保障人人有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)的教育成就反映在兩個(gè)不同的層面：一個(gè)是全面普及了九年義務(wù)教育（nine-year compulsory

46、 education），另一個(gè)是實(shí)現(xiàn)了高等教育大眾化（mass higher education）。教育的發(fā)展為中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。近年來(lái)，為適應(yīng)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，中國(guó)政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領(lǐng)域的急需人才。 翻譯： Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, China's education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements. The Chinese government gives top prior

47、ity to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education. Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education. China's achievements in education can be reflected in t

48、wo different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the other is the realization of mass higher education. The development of education has made significant contributions to China's economic development and social progress. In recent years, to satisfy the needs of s

49、ocial and economic development, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields. Unit 7 原文： The belief in the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs. The most important thing to u

50、nderstand Americans is probably their devotion (深愛) to "individualism". They have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destiny. Americans view themselves as highly individualisti

51、c in their thoughts and actions. They resist being thought of as representatives of any homogeneous (由同類組成的) group. When they do join groups, they believe they are special, just a little different from other members of the same group. Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is

52、the importance Americans assign privacy. Americans assume people "need some time to themselves" or "some time alone" to think about things or recover their spent psychological energy. Americans have great difficulty understanding foreigners who always want to be with another person and who dislike b

53、eing alone. 翻譯： 在所有美國(guó)人的信念中，最基本、最強(qiáng)烈的信念可能就是崇尚個(gè)人自由。要理解美國(guó)人，最重要的也許就是了解他們對(duì)"個(gè)人主義"的熱愛。生活中他們很早就開始受到教育，把自己看成獨(dú)立的個(gè)體，對(duì)人生中自己的處境以及自己的前途命運(yùn)負(fù)責(zé)。美國(guó)人認(rèn)為自己的思想和行為高度個(gè)性化。他們不愿被視為任何同質(zhì)群體的代表。如果確實(shí)加入了群體，他們也認(rèn)為自己有特別之處，及同一個(gè)群體中的其他成員有著些許的差別。及美國(guó)人對(duì)個(gè)人主義賦予的價(jià)值緊密相關(guān)的是他們對(duì)個(gè)人隱私的重視。美國(guó)人認(rèn)為，人"需要有自己的時(shí)間"或者"有時(shí)間獨(dú)處"，用來(lái)思考事情，或者恢復(fù)他們所消耗的心理能量。美國(guó)人很難理解那些總想及人結(jié)

54、伴、不愛獨(dú)處的外國(guó)人。 原文： 為人誠(chéng)信，以和為貴是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。"和"的思想體現(xiàn)在很多方面。在處理人及人的關(guān)系上，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想主張"和為貴"以及"家和萬(wàn)事興"，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)環(huán)境。在人及自然的關(guān)系上，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)自然，尊重自然，保護(hù)自然。人及人、人及社會(huì)、人及自然都需要"和諧"。如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國(guó)之本和管理人才之道。隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展，"和"的思想更加深入人心。中國(guó)正在向構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。 翻譯： Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues. "Harmony" is

55、 demonstrated in various aspects. In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that "Harmony is most precious" and "A family that lives in harmony will prosper". A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles. As for relations between human beings

56、 and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature. Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature. Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing t

57、alented personnel. With the development of China's society, economy and culture, the idea of "harmony" goes even deeper into people's hearts. China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society. Unit 8 原文： As the world's only truly universal global organization, the Uni

58、ted Nations (UN) has become the foremost forum to address issues that transcend (超越) national boundaries and cannot be resolved by any one country acting alone. The initial goals of the UN are safeguarding (保護(hù)) peace, protecting human rights, establishing the framework for international justice and

59、promoting economic and social progress. In recent years, the UN has been faced with new challenges, such as climate change, international terrorism and AIDS. While conflict resolution and peacekeeping continue to be among its primary efforts, the UN, along with its specialized agencies, is also enga

60、ged in a wide range of activities to improve people's lives around the world — from disaster relief, through education and advancement of women, to peaceful uses of atomic energy. The UN and its specialized agencies have helped the world become a more hospitable (熱情友好的) and livable place and brought

61、 great benefits to people around the world. 翻譯： 作為世界上唯一一個(gè)真正具有普遍性的世界組織，聯(lián)合國(guó)已經(jīng)成為處理超越國(guó)界、而且任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都無(wú)法獨(dú)立解決的問(wèn)題的首要論壇。聯(lián)合國(guó)最初的宗旨是維護(hù)和平、保護(hù)人權(quán)、建立國(guó)際公平正義的框架以及促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。近年來(lái)，聯(lián)合國(guó)又面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)，諸如氣候變化、國(guó)際恐怖主義和艾滋病等?，F(xiàn)在，解決爭(zhēng)端及維護(hù)和平仍然是聯(lián)合國(guó)最主要的任務(wù)。除此之外，聯(lián)合國(guó)及其專門機(jī)構(gòu)還致力于各種旨在改進(jìn)世界人民生活的活動(dòng)，從賑災(zāi)到教育和婦女進(jìn)步，再到原子能的和平使用。聯(lián)合國(guó)及其專門機(jī)構(gòu)推動(dòng)世界成為一個(gè)更加友好、更加宜居的地方，為

62、全世界人民帶來(lái)了福祉。 原文： 新中國(guó)成立后，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持（persist in）獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，在外交領(lǐng)域取得了巨大成就。截至2011年，中國(guó)已及172個(gè)國(guó)家建立了外交關(guān)系（diplomatic relations）。近年來(lái)，隨著中國(guó)綜合國(guó)力的提升（enhancement），中國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的作用越來(lái)越重要，中國(guó)的國(guó)際地位得到進(jìn)一步提升。在地區(qū)性事務(wù)中，中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)各種區(qū)域合作，為維護(hù)地區(qū)和平、促進(jìn)地區(qū)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)外交（diplomacy）將高舉"和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏"的旗幟（banner），在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)全面發(fā)展同各國(guó)的友好合作，為建設(shè)持久和平、共同

63、繁榮的和諧世界作出不懈的努力（make unremitting efforts）。 翻譯： Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs. By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. Over recent y

64、ears, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and China's international status has been further enhanced. In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made i

65、mportant contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development. China's diplomacy will hold high the banner of "peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit". On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.