車(chē)輛工程外文翻譯--- 麥弗遜式獨(dú)立懸架的模式圖

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1、附 錄Ⅰ 外文翻譯 McPherson model of the independent suspension McPherson front suspension in the car on the other is the breadth of application of the hoisting second to none. To the big BMW M3, Porsche 911 such high-performance cars, small Fiat STILO, Ford FOCUS, even before China's Hafei van Maifuxuns

2、hi hoisting and are based on the design. What is the reason in the end allow the hoisting of the McPherson such wide application This so commonly used hoisted in the end what characteristics it ? We start with the design of structural understanding from the bar. Diagram below is a typical example of

3、 the hoisting of the McPherson Construction of theⅠ-1: Figure Ⅰ -1 McPherson hoisted chart McPherson usually hoisted by two basic components: A pillar of shock absorbers and fonts care arm. The reason is because it is the pillar of shock absorber damping is also available in addition to supporting

4、 the role of the whole body, his structure is compact, the shock absorber damping and spring together to form a movement from top to bottom can slip column; under A boom is usually entrusted the design fonts, for the wheels to provide some of the lateral support and direction to bear all the stress

5、before and after. The weight of the entire body and vehicle movement to bear all the wheels on the impact of these two components * commitment. So McPherson one of the greatest features of the design is simple, simple structure will bring direct benefits of the two that is: the hoisting of light wei

6、ght and small space. We know that the car belongs to the hoisting of moving parts, moving parts the light, then hoisted response rate of speed and resilience will be sooner, so the hoisting of the shock absorption capacity of more strong and reduce the quality of the hoisting of spring also means re

7、ducing the quality, then in Body weight certain circumstances, the comfort is also better. Space on the direct benefits of the designer is in store layout engine under greater engine and the engine can be placed arbitrary manner. In medium-sized car engine can be put aside large, small car in the me

8、dium can also lay down their engines, so that all the matching engine more flexible. We allKnow, the BMW inline six-cylinder engine is designed, in the pursuit of sport, the layout of its center of gravity in the front axle, so the engine to use up a lot of warehouse space of the engine, then the c

9、hoice of a simple structure, the hoisting of the small space It is by design is important. McPherson suspended from the upward journey, that is, in the event to roll, wheel angle, will automatically increase, so that tires can better integrate with the road, the vehicle to provide greater lateral fo

10、rce, to improve the Control limit. Have excellent control and responsiveness coupled with the tight structure, it is clear on a BMW designers before hoisting the preferred option. For small cars and mini-cars, as far as possible in a small engine stores make room layout engine becomes even more impo

11、rtant, so they have no choice but to select McPherson hoisted Moreover, if a reasonable match, McPherson Whether manipulation and comfort are very good. That so much has been hoisted at the merits of McPherson, the talk about the shortcomings. It is also precisely because McPherson is too simple str

12、ucture, causing the hoisting of the stiffness limited. As McPherson hoisted only * care arm and shock absorber to withstand a strong pillar of the wheel impact, it is easier in geometry deformation. This deformation of the driving experience, is that motorists will obviously feel the stability of po

13、or body. Whether turning roll or brake nod phenomenon, are very obvious. Of course, the designers also like a lot of ways to solve the problem of instability. We have often heard that the horizontal Wending Gan, the anti-roll bars, balance, etc.-are used to increase the hoisting of Mai Fu's geometri

14、c stiffness and lateral stability of the components. However,Wen Dinggan optical increase by improving the performance is limited,the use of Wending Gan design can improve the stability of certain extent,geometry and suspension stiffness. If in order to fundamentally solve these problems, we must c

15、hange the hoisting of the geometric shapes, and then multi-link double-rocker hoisted on behalf of the hoisting of a high-performance. McPherson addition to the hoisting of stability and rigidity in regard to inferior to multi-link, on the durability and multi-link can not be hoisted at par. As McPh

16、erson hoisted pillars need to bear the shock absorber of the horizontal, from top to bottom at the same time a campaign to reduce the purpose of vibration, shock absorber supporting bar the friction is very uneven, shock absorber oil seal to wear a hydraulic oil Damping effect of reducing leakage.

17、 麥弗遜式獨(dú)立懸架的模式圖 麥弗遜在汽車(chē)前懸掛上的應(yīng)用之廣是其他懸掛無(wú)法比較的。大到寶馬M3，保時(shí)捷911這類(lèi)高性能車(chē)，小到菲亞特STILO，福特FOCUS，甚至國(guó)產(chǎn)的哈飛面包車(chē)前懸掛都是采用的麥弗遜式設(shè)計(jì)。到底是什么原因能讓麥弗遜懸掛的應(yīng)用如此廣泛？這種如此常用的懸掛到底有哪些性能特點(diǎn)呢？我們先從它的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)了解起吧。如下列圖就是一套最典型的麥弗遜懸掛的構(gòu)造圖Ⅰ-1： 圖Ⅰ-1麥弗遜懸掛結(jié)構(gòu)圖 麥弗遜懸掛通常由兩個(gè)根本局部組成：支柱式減震器和A字型托臂。之所以叫減震器支柱是因?yàn)樗藴p震還有支撐整個(gè)車(chē)身的作用，他的結(jié)構(gòu)很緊湊，把減震器和減震彈

18、簧集成在一起，組成一個(gè)可以上下運(yùn)動(dòng)的滑柱；下托臂通常是A字型的設(shè)計(jì)，用于給車(chē)輪提供局部橫向支撐力，以及承受全部的前前方向應(yīng)力。整個(gè)車(chē)體的重量和汽車(chē)在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)車(chē)輪承受的所有沖擊就這兩個(gè)部件承當(dāng)。所以麥弗遜的一個(gè)最大的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)就是結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單能帶來(lái)兩個(gè)直接好處那就是：懸掛重量輕和占用空間小。我們知道，汽車(chē)懸掛屬于運(yùn)動(dòng)部件，運(yùn)動(dòng)部件越輕，那么懸掛響應(yīng)速度和回彈速度就會(huì)越快，所以懸掛的減震能力也就越強(qiáng)；而且懸掛質(zhì)量減輕也意味著彈簧下質(zhì)量減輕，那么在車(chē)身重量一定的情況下，舒適性也越好。占用空間小帶來(lái)的直接好處就是設(shè)計(jì)師能在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)倉(cāng)布置下更大的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，而且發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的放置方式也能隨心所欲。在中型車(chē)上能放下

19、大型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，在小型車(chē)上也能放下中型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，讓各種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的匹配更靈活。 大家都知道，寶馬的6缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是直列設(shè)計(jì)的，為了追求運(yùn)動(dòng)性，把其重心布置在前軸之后，因此發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)要占用大量的引擎?zhèn)}空間，那么，選用一款結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，占用空間小的懸掛設(shè)計(jì)就顯得由為重要。麥弗遜懸掛在向上行程時(shí)，也就是在發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)向側(cè)傾時(shí)，車(chē)輪外傾角會(huì)自動(dòng)加大，使輪胎能更好的跟路面結(jié)合，給整車(chē)提供更大的橫向力，提高了轉(zhuǎn)向操控極限。擁有出色的操控和響應(yīng)性再加上緊湊的結(jié)構(gòu)，很顯然就成了寶馬設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)前懸掛時(shí)的首選方案。對(duì)于小型車(chē)和微型車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō)，盡可能的在狹小的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)倉(cāng)騰出空間布置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就更加重要了，所以他們也不得不選擇麥弗遜懸掛，況且，如果做出

20、合理的匹配，麥弗遜無(wú)論是操控和舒適性都是相當(dāng)出色的。說(shuō)了這么多麥弗遜懸掛的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也該談?wù)勅秉c(diǎn)了。也正是因?yàn)辂湼ミd結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，造成懸掛的剛度有限。由于麥弗遜懸掛只能下托臂和減震器支柱來(lái)承受強(qiáng)大的車(chē)輪沖擊力，所以較易發(fā)生幾何變形。這種變形表達(dá)到駕駛感受上，就是駕駛者會(huì)明顯的感覺(jué)到車(chē)身穩(wěn)定性較差。無(wú)論是轉(zhuǎn)彎側(cè)傾，還是剎車(chē)點(diǎn)頭現(xiàn)象，都非常明顯。當(dāng)然，設(shè)計(jì)師們也想了不少方法來(lái)解決穩(wěn)定性問(wèn)題。我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)說(shuō)的橫向穩(wěn)定桿，防傾桿，平衡桿等等都是用來(lái)提高麥福遜懸掛幾何剛度和橫向穩(wěn)定性的部件。 但是，光增加穩(wěn)定桿所提高的性能是有限的，使用各種穩(wěn)定桿設(shè)計(jì)能從一定程度上提高穩(wěn)定性和懸掛幾何剛度。如果要從根本解決這些問(wèn)題，就必須改變整個(gè)懸掛的幾何形狀，那么多連桿和雙搖臂懸掛就成了高性能懸掛的代表。麥弗遜懸掛除了在穩(wěn)定性和剛度方面要遜色于多連桿以外，在耐用性上也不能與多連桿懸掛相提并論。由于麥弗遜懸掛的減震器支柱需要承受橫向力，同時(shí)又要起到上下運(yùn)動(dòng)減低震動(dòng)的目的，所以減震器支撐桿的摩擦很不均勻，減震器油封容易磨損造成液壓油泄露降低減震效果。