《狀語(yǔ)從句sunny》PPT課件.ppt

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1、狀語(yǔ)從句,(副詞性從句),Made by sunny,目錄,狀語(yǔ)從句定義 狀語(yǔ)從句分類 狀語(yǔ)從句翻譯 狀語(yǔ)從句比較 其他從句概況,狀語(yǔ)從句的定義,狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞(subordinating conjunctions)引導(dǎo)。 注意狀語(yǔ)從句與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系,選擇正確的連詞;有些連詞能引導(dǎo)多種狀語(yǔ)從句。 狀語(yǔ)從句同副詞,介詞詞組等作狀語(yǔ)一樣,用于修飾謂語(yǔ),說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),方式,手段,條件,程度,比較,原因,目的,結(jié)果等 觀看動(dòng)畫(huà),你們會(huì)有更感性的認(rèn)識(shí) 返回,狀語(yǔ)從句分類,表示時(shí)間 表示地點(diǎn) 表示原因 表示結(jié)果 表示目的 表示條件 表示讓步 表示比較,返回,狀語(yǔ)從句

2、表示時(shí)間,一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有:after, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as;另外有些詞如:immediately, directly, instantly用于as soon as 意義時(shí),有些名詞詞組如 the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, the year, every time, next time, each time 等也用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 E.G. The mother didnt go

3、 to bed until her little daughter returned home last night. 昨晚母親等到她的小女兒回家才睡覺(jué)。,例題,Ill explain it to you immediately Ive finished reading the letter. 我讀完信立刻給你解釋。You see the lightning __________it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A) the instantB) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instan

4、t 閃電一發(fā)生,你立刻就能看到它,但雷聲,你遲一點(diǎn)才能聽(tīng)到它。(B4,1997.1-38, A對(duì)。) No sooner ... than 和 hardly/scarcely/barely ... when 也用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是“一就”;如果將no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely放在句首,就用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例: I had hardly entered the temple when it began to rained. 我剛踏進(jìn)那座廟就開(kāi)始下雨了。 _________when she started complaining. A)Not until he

5、 arrivedB)No sooner had he arrived C)Hardly had he arrivedD)Scarcely did he arrived (B6,1990.1-49,C對(duì)。)他一到,她就開(kāi)始抱怨。 No sooner had we reached the top of the hill_________we all sat down to rest. A) whenB) thenC) thanD) until 我們一到山頂,大家都坐下來(lái)休息。(B4,1991.6-62, C對(duì)。) 返回,表示地點(diǎn),二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的主要有:wh

6、ere, wherever及- where構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。,EGWe received a warm welcome everywhere we arrived. 我們每一個(gè)地方都受到熱烈的歡迎。,例題,Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded_________other more well-in formed experimenters failed. A) whichB) thatC) whatD) where 雖然在此領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的許多工作他知道的很少,但是,在比他

7、知道得更多的實(shí)驗(yàn)者失敗的地方,他卻成功了。(B4,1998.1-40, D對(duì)。) 返回,表示原因,三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句 最常用的連詞是:because, since, as, now (that), seeing that ,consider that 等;注意 in that是復(fù)合連詞,意思是because或“在方面”; since也用來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 2.表示原因,相當(dāng)于since, considering that,例: Its very difficult for older people to give proper guidance when they have no

8、 experience of being young today. 老年人因?yàn)闆](méi)有今天的年青人的經(jīng)歷,要他們作出正確的指導(dǎo)是很困難的。 I am not to tell him about the truth when he wont listen.既然他不愿意聽(tīng),我就不把事情的真相告訴他了。,例題,_________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A) For now B) Now thatC)Ever sinceD) By now 既然我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完了這門(mén)課,我們就可開(kāi)始花更多的時(shí)間

9、去復(fù)習(xí)了。(B4,1990.1-62, B對(duì)。) Seeing that it is raining hard tonight, well have to stay here . 今晚下這么大的雨,我們只好在這里過(guò)夜了。 Liquids are like solids__________they have a definite volume. A) in thatB) for that C) with that D) at that 液體就象固體一樣,因?yàn)樗幸欢ǖ捏w積。(B4,1995.6-58, A對(duì)。) 返回,表示結(jié)果,九、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 可以由 so that, so

10、...that, such...that 引導(dǎo),這類從句也可以理解為表示程度的狀語(yǔ)從句: E.G. He was so angry that he left the room without a word. 他很生氣,一句話不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)了房間。,例題,She told me__________story that we all forgot about the time. A) such an interestingB) such interesting a C) so an interesting D) a so interesting (全國(guó)高考,1988,A對(duì)。)她給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事

11、,我們把時(shí)間都忘了。 回返,表示目的,四、目的狀語(yǔ)從句 主要的引導(dǎo)詞有:so that, in order that, so,less, in case 等。目的狀語(yǔ)從句常常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例: They are hurrying so that / in order that they may not miss the train. 他們?yōu)榱粟s上火車而匆匆忙忙。 He wrote down my name for fear that / less he should forget it. 他記下了我的名字,以免忘記。 返回,表示條件,五、條件狀語(yǔ)從句 1.最常用的引導(dǎo)詞有: if, if on

12、ly(if 的強(qiáng)調(diào)式),unless, as long as, so long as, in case, providing, provide (that), supposing, in the event that, on condition (that)等: 2.provided (that)是書(shū)面語(yǔ),有時(shí)與if 同義,有時(shí)有區(qū)別。provided (that)常常表示說(shuō)話人所希望的條件,而 if 不一定有此含義: E.G.We shall cancel the contract if you fail to open the L/C before the end of this mont

13、h.如果你方在本月有不能開(kāi)出信用證,我們就撤銷合同。(if不能換成provided,,fail to open the L/C...不是we 希望出現(xiàn)的情況。),例題,Ill accept any job__________I dont have to get up early. A) lestB) as long asC) in caseD) though 只要不讓我早起,什么工作我都可以接受。(94.1-60,B對(duì)。) Government cannot operate effectively__________it is free from such interference. A) s

14、o long as B) so that C) unless D) because 政府無(wú)法有效地運(yùn)作,除非它不受這種干擾。(94.1-53, C對(duì)。) Im sure he is up to the job__________he would give his mind to it. A) if only B) in case C) untilD) unless 只要他用心,我相信他能勝任這工作。(98.1-45, A對(duì)。) 返回,表示讓步,六、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 主要的引導(dǎo)詞有:though, although, even if, even though, in spite of

15、 the fact that, despite the fact that, 與及“whever”詞和“no matter wh-”。例: Nowadays we know that everything he wrote was true even though some of it was second-hand information. 現(xiàn)在我們知道了:他所寫(xiě)的一切都是真的,盡管其中有些是間接得來(lái)的信息。 However troublesome the problem is , he always faces it with pa-tience. 不管問(wèn)題多么棘手,他總是耐心面對(duì)它們。

16、When anyone does something for you, no matter how small and no matter whether he is a superior or servant , it is proper to say “ thank you”. 當(dāng)有人為你辦了事,不管這事多么微不足道,也不管他是你的上級(jí)還是服務(wù)員,你說(shuō)一聲“ 謝謝 ” 總是得體的。 返回,表示比較,八、比較狀語(yǔ)從句 主要由than, as...as引導(dǎo),這類從句常常有一些成分沒(méi)有表示出來(lái): E.G. On the top of a mountain our lung w

17、ould not take in as much oxygen at each breath as they would at the bottom. 在山頂,我們的肺每次呼吸吸入的氧氣沒(méi)有在山腳時(shí)吸入那么多。,例題,They usually have less money at the end of the month than __________at the beginning. A) which is B) which was C) they have D) it is 通常到了月底,他們的錢(qián)就比月初少了。(B4,1993.6-54,C對(duì)。) She is__________a mus

18、ician than her brother. A) much of B) much asC) more of D) more as 她比她兄弟更懂音樂(lè)。(B4,1993.6-65,C對(duì)。) 返回,狀語(yǔ)從句翻譯,if 從句的理解和翻譯 before從句的理解和翻譯 as 從句的理解和翻譯,返回,if 從句的理解和翻譯,一、if從句不一定表示條件,它可以用來(lái)表示although或even if相似的意思;當(dāng)然,它所表示的“讓步”,沒(méi)有though或even if 的語(yǔ)氣那么重。例: If she is poor, at least she is honest. 她雖說(shuō)窮,卻至少誠(chéng)實(shí)

19、。 You must come in, if only its only for a minute.你必須進(jìn)來(lái),哪怕是一會(huì)兒。 He is a very good man, if rather dull.他雖然遲鈍,卻是個(gè)大好人。 His style, if manned, is pleasant to read.他的文章風(fēng)格,雖然有點(diǎn)矯揉造作,讀起來(lái)還是令人感到愉快的。 The profits, if a little lower than last years, are still extremely healthy. 利潤(rùn)雖然比去年低點(diǎn),卻仍然是豐厚的。 Ill finish this

20、report if it kills me. 我即使死了,也要完成這個(gè)報(bào)告。,IF從句理解與翻譯,二、if 從句中的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞都可以省略: Hes a pleasant, if awkward lad. 他是一個(gè)雖然笨拙然而卻惹人喜歡的小伙子。(...even if he is awkward ),IF從句理解與翻譯,主句里出現(xiàn)as...as很常見(jiàn),這時(shí)if從句里用否定: John plays football__________,if not better than, David. A) as well B) as well as C) so wellD) so well as (1994年

21、高考試題,B是答案。) 論踢足球,雖然約翰并不比大衛(wèi)踢得更好,但至少他們踢得一樣好。His health is as poor as, if not poorer than, his sister. 他的身體雖然說(shuō)不比他的姐姐更差,但至少也是跟她一樣差。 返回,before從句的理解和翻譯,1. 在之前 (earlier than the time when), 常常譯作“在之前”,例: You are expectedto be sitting on your seat before the play begins. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谠拕¢_(kāi)演之前在自己的座位上坐好。,before從句的理解

22、和翻譯,但在 A before B 的句式中,A表示時(shí)間,B表示行動(dòng),如果硬譯為“A發(fā)生在 B 之前”便很不合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,譯成“ A之后才發(fā)生 B ”就比較得體。例如: A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time__________the guards discovered what had happened. A) before B) untilC) sinceD) when (93年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試第50題,A對(duì)。) 昨晚上監(jiān)獄里逃走了一個(gè)人,很久以后警衛(wèi)才發(fā)現(xiàn)出了事。 Scientists say it ma

23、y be five or ten years__________it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A) sinceB) before C) afterD) when (95年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試第54題,B對(duì)。) 科學(xué)家們說(shuō)5到10年之后才有可能將這種藥在病人身上做試驗(yàn)。 Ten years passed before we met each other again. 十年后我們才重逢。,before從句的理解和翻譯,有時(shí)候before從句表示的事情實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生,譯成“以免”、“沒(méi)有來(lái)得及 就”便十分妥貼: Th

24、ey decided to chase the cow away__________ it did more damage. A) unless B) untilC) before D) although (90年1月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試第44題,C對(duì)。) 他們決定趕走這頭牛,以免它造成更大的損失。 Before we could stop her, she rushed out . 我們還來(lái)不及攔住她,她已經(jīng)沖了出去。 Before I could say a single word, my father began to criticize me . 我還來(lái)不及說(shuō)一句話,父親就開(kāi)始批評(píng)我了。,

25、before從句的理解和翻譯,主句有barely, hardly等否定詞時(shí),譯成“剛就” We had barely sat down before he got to his feet.我們剛坐下她就站了起來(lái)。 They had scarcely left for the station before it began to rain. 他們剛離家去車站雨就下起來(lái)了。,before從句的理解和翻譯,在A before B中,如果句子在于強(qiáng)調(diào)“先有A, 然后有B”,則可譯成“先然后”、“先再”:One must sow before one can reap. 先有播種然后有收獲。 Look

26、before you leap.先觀察而后行動(dòng)。(三思而后行。) Managers want to have all the necessary facts before they can make the best decision and it is normal for them to seek for more and more information . 經(jīng)理們首先要掌握所有必須知道的事實(shí),然后才能作出最佳決定;這樣,他們尋求更多的信息就是很自然的了。,before從句的理解和翻譯,更愿意(more willingly than), 寧愿而不愿(rather than) The so

27、ldiers would die before they gave in. 戰(zhàn)士們寧死也不屈服。 Father told the children that he would die of hunger before he would steal. 父親告訴孩子們他就是餓死也不會(huì)去偷。 返回,as 從句的理解和翻譯,as可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句和從句表示的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,意為“一邊一邊”、“隨著”。主句和從句都用一般時(shí)態(tài);或主句用一般時(shí)態(tài),從句用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);或主句用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),從句用一般時(shí)態(tài)。例如: As I drove, I counted my passengers.我一邊

28、開(kāi)車,一邊數(shù)我的旅客。 As time went on, Einstains theory proved to be correct. 隨著時(shí)間的推移,愛(ài)因斯坦的理論被證明是正確的。 __________the day went on, the weather got worse. A) WithB) SinceC) WhileD) As (1990年高考試題,答案是D。) 日子一天天過(guò)去,天氣更壞了。 Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 他正在講話,突然一聲爆炸聲響了。 He saw that she was smiling

29、 as she read. 他看見(jiàn)她一邊讀書(shū)一邊笑,as 從句的理解和翻譯,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句, 意為“因?yàn)椤?、“既然? We had better hurry__________it is getting dark. A) and B) but C) as D) unless (1984年高考試題,C對(duì)。)天色越來(lái)越暗了,我們還是趕快吧。 As the dust men are not going back to work yet ,bags of rubbish have been piled in the street. 因?yàn)榍鍧嵐と瞬淮蛩慊厝スぷ?垃圾已經(jīng)一袋袋地堆在街上了。 As

30、 you make your bed, so you must lie on it. (proverb) 自作自受。 As there were not enough life-boats for every body, 1500 lives lost. 由于沒(méi)有足夠的救生艇運(yùn)載所有的乘客,死難者多達(dá)一千五百人。,as 從句的理解和翻譯,.引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“像一樣”。有時(shí)候,從句中的某些部分省略了: Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, as sugars are . 脂肪像糖一樣,也是由碳、氫、氧原子構(gòu)成的。 Th

31、e number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses does not change much if people leave things as they are . 如果人們聽(tīng)其自然,鹿、美洲獅和野玫瑰的數(shù)量不會(huì)有太大的變化。 The event is no longer celebrated in England as it was in Shake-speares time. 現(xiàn)在英國(guó)已經(jīng)不象莎士比亞時(shí)期那樣慶祝這一事件了。 If Id lived in the sixteenth century , I couldnt have earned

32、 my own living , as I do today. 如果我生活在十六世紀(jì),我就不可能象今天那樣謀生。 He moved gracefully and with dignity, filling the room not by his physical dominance, (as did Mao or De Gaulle), but by his air of controlled tension.他舉止嫻雅莊重,他使舉座注目的不是魁梧的身軀(毛澤東和戴高樂(lè)卻是那樣), 而是他那外馳內(nèi)張的神情。,as 從句的理解和翻譯,4.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。注意as 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序,有

33、時(shí)可置于句子中間或后部。常見(jiàn)的句式有: A. 形容詞/名詞+as+主語(yǔ)+聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞 Unlikely as it sounds, what Im telling you is true. 不管這事聽(tīng)起來(lái)多么不可能,我告訴你的話卻是真的。 B. 主動(dòng)詞+as+主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞 Try as you may, you will not win the game. 你盡可一試,但這場(chǎng)比賽你是不會(huì)贏的。 There was not a soul to be found in the house, search as they would.他們盡管搜查好了,他們不會(huì)在房子里找得到人的。 C. 狀語(yǔ)+

34、as+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.作為一個(gè)作家,我欽佩他;但作為一個(gè)男子漢,我卻不喜歡他。 He was unable to make much progress ,hard as he tried.雖然他盡了力,卻無(wú)法取得很大進(jìn)步。,as 從句的理解和翻譯,5.引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。一般以as...as形式出現(xiàn),表示兩者的等同;從句中有些成份常常不出現(xiàn): Some of the states are as big as France and England put together . 有些

35、州相當(dāng)于法國(guó)和英國(guó)加起來(lái)那么大。 有時(shí)還把一個(gè)人(或事物)的兩種特征,或一個(gè)人的一種特征與另一種特征進(jìn)行比較,表示它們的程度一樣;由于一種特征是明顯的,因而就突出了另一種特征。這是一種活潑的、表現(xiàn)力豐富的說(shuō)法。例: We were as happy as we were poor, or as poor as w e were happy. 我們窮是窮,卻很快活;我們快活是快活,卻還是窮。 One is as light as the other is heavy. 一個(gè)輕而另一個(gè)重 返回,狀語(yǔ)從句比較,.because, as, since, for so that, sothat, s

36、uchthat though, although, as, .whatever, however, wherever, whenever so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,返回,because, as, since, for,語(yǔ)氣 位置意義 because 最強(qiáng)前或后 “原因”;表客觀因果關(guān)系;回答“” as較強(qiáng) 前 “由于”;把眾人所知的事實(shí)當(dāng)作理由 since 較弱 前 “既然”;就對(duì)方陳述的事實(shí)作為理由 for 最弱 后 “理由”;對(duì)某一事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷的理由 注:上面所說(shuō)的“前”,指從句在主句之前;“后”,指從句在主句之后。,返回,so that, sothat

37、, suchthat,so that“以便”、“結(jié)果”表目的和結(jié)果。注意:在從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表目的。無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表結(jié)果。 sothat “如此的以致于”表結(jié)果。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)于: 1.so+形副that2.so+形a(an)單數(shù)名詞that3.somany/much復(fù)數(shù)名詞(不可數(shù)名詞)+that suchthat“如此的以致于”表結(jié)果。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)于: 1.sucha(an)形名詞that2.such形復(fù)數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞that,返回,though, although, as,,though, although在句首表“盡管”兩者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。 下列情況只能用though: as

38、though (=as if);even if (=even though) 在句末表示“然而” as表示“盡管”,從句的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分要倒裝。,返回,whatever, however, wherever, whenever,它們是what, how, where, when的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣。分別等于: no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter when 返回,so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,1目的是以觀念形態(tài)存在的潛在的可能性和意欲,不是事實(shí)。這一潛在的可能性或意欲的實(shí)現(xiàn),則是結(jié)果。目的是主觀意

39、念,結(jié)果是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。因此,從句若反映一種意欲、一種可能性,則是目的從句;若是一種事實(shí),就是結(jié)果從句。試比較: Im going to take an early bus so that Ill get there in time(purpose)我打算乘早班公共汽車,以便及時(shí)趕到那里。 I took an early bus so that I got there in time(result)我乘了早班公共汽車,及時(shí)到了那里。,so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,2目的從句表示動(dòng)機(jī)(即一種可能性),并非事實(shí),只是想要達(dá)到某個(gè)結(jié)果的意愿,因而從句中多用假定性的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常有c

40、an,many,will,could,might,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身并無(wú)詞匯意義,只是一種虛擬用法。結(jié)果從句表示客觀事實(shí),所以用陳述語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,從句中常無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。試比較: I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear(purpose)我寫(xiě)作總是字斟句酌,是為了讓人看懂我的意思。 I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear(result)我寫(xiě)作總是字斟句酌,結(jié)果把意思講得一清二楚。 Every precaution

41、was taken that the plan might not fail(purpose)已經(jīng)采取了各種措施,好讓計(jì)劃不致遭失敗。,so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,注意,從句中如用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,有時(shí)會(huì)使得目的和結(jié)果的界線模糊。比如下面這個(gè)句子既可表示結(jié)果也可表示目的: He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him(result or purpose) 這種情況下,只有依靠上下文來(lái)判斷從句是表示結(jié)果還是目的。 有時(shí),即使從句中用了can,could,should等,但整句的意思是明確的,因此,它仍是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從

42、句。請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)句子: The room was packed with people,so that we couldnt get in房間里擠滿了人,我們進(jìn)不去。 It is raining,so that I cannot go out天在下雨,我出不去了。 What have I done that you should be so angry with me?我干了些什么使你對(duì)我如此惱火?,so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,3目的狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系緊密,在講話時(shí)一氣呵成,而結(jié)果從句則是句子的外在因素,講話時(shí)往往在主句和從句之間須略加停頓,書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)斷開(kāi)。試

43、比較: We all arrived at eight,so(that)the meeting began promptly(result)我們都是八點(diǎn)到達(dá)的,結(jié)果會(huì)議馬上就開(kāi)始了。 Well come at eight(so)that the meeting can begin early(purpose)我們要八點(diǎn)來(lái),以便會(huì)議能早點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。 He violated the regulation,so he was punished(result)他違反了規(guī)章制度,所以他受了處分。 I sent the letter airmail so he would gat it right now(purpose)此信我航空寄發(fā),好讓他立即收到。 返回,其他從句概況,對(duì)等從句 名詞性從句,定語(yǔ)從句 從句與先行詞一直,返回,感謝觀看制作:英語(yǔ)51班程芳陳春澍何麗香,

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