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1、Module 9 English for you and me賓語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)
賓語(yǔ)從句歌訣
賓語(yǔ)從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風(fēng)采。
展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。
主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語(yǔ)序永不變。
陳述請(qǐng)你選that，疑問(wèn)需用if/whether連。
特殊問(wèn)句作賓從，原來(lái)問(wèn)詞不用換。
三關(guān)過(guò)后莫得意，人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意。
留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間。
一、三姊妹
賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
We knew (that) we should learn
2、 from each other.
2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？
二、三關(guān)
1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)
如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that（that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether；如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，引
3、導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。
2. 語(yǔ)序關(guān)
①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
?、谝话阋蓡?wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：
Does he work hard？I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know w
4、hen he left.
3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)
?、偃绻骶涫乾F(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：
I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
②如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：
He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
5、
三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用
1. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：
“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)
6、號(hào)。如：
Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
四、兩副面孔
if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：
If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
I don’t know if it will rai
7、n tomorrow. （賓語(yǔ)從句）
五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化
1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
She
8、agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？
一、如何變?nèi)朔Q：
學(xué)生在將直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。常常弄不清人稱變化。下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓
9、，第三人稱不更新”?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎棥木渲械娜朔Q要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He
10、 asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：
直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
現(xiàn)在時(shí)它需改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)改為完成時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則保留原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said s
11、he had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。
①直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The
12、 teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：
Xiao Wang said.
13、 "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would
14、, might）不再變。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何變狀語(yǔ)：
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來(lái)”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday。變?yōu)?the day before）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this 改為that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those bo
15、oks were his.
四、如何變句型：
①直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished
16、 the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
17、→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of t
18、ea.
⑤直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)句詞（或從句）?！比纾?
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，這叫做間接引語(yǔ)。例如：
John said, "I'm going to London with my father."
約翰說(shuō)："我要和父親到倫敦去。"（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）
2013年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Module 9 English for you and me賓語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí) 外研版
