中考英語 第二部分 語法專題突破 專題一 名詞課件2

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1、第二部分 語法專題突破,專題一 名 詞,命題點(diǎn)一 名詞詞義辨析,命題點(diǎn)二 名詞的數(shù),命題點(diǎn)三 名詞所有格,考點(diǎn)1,名詞語境辨析 (2016年20次，2015年 29次，2014年31次 ),考點(diǎn)精講,命題點(diǎn)一 名詞詞義辨析,分析湖南各地市近3年中考真題可知，名詞語境辨析是每年的必考點(diǎn)，包括同類名詞辨析和其他語境類辨析，主要在完形填空中考查，單項(xiàng)填空中偶爾涉及。,,同類名詞即三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置屬于同一類的名詞。湖南近3年中考中主要包括身份類、地點(diǎn)類、身體器官類、時(shí)間類、飲食類、學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)與生活類、自然類、家居類、職業(yè)類等。,針對(duì)名詞的語境辨析類試題，首先應(yīng)分辨三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞義及用法，其次分析語境和邏輯關(guān)

2、系，再根據(jù)詞義和語境選答案，并將所選答案代入題干中驗(yàn)證準(zhǔn)確性。,考點(diǎn)2,近義名詞辨析 (2016邵陽31題，2015年 2次 ),湖南各地市近3年中考真題中對(duì)近義名詞辨析考查較少，僅在完形填空中考查。初中常見近義名詞辨析列舉如下：, travel與trip(2015邵陽31題), bus, taxi, car, bicycle與truck(2015郴州31題), job與work【具體講解見本書P19】 family, home與room 【具體講解見本書P4】 problem與question 【具體講解見本書P30】 voice, noise與sound 【具體講解見本書P73】,考點(diǎn)3,

3、名詞固定搭配 (2016年4次， 2015年5次， 2014年2次 ),分析湖南各地市近3年中考真題可知， 名詞的固定搭配主要在完形填空中考查， 單項(xiàng)填空中涉及較少(2014益陽24題)。,初中?？济~固定搭配列舉如下：,名詞與介詞 at the age of 在歲時(shí)(2016岳陽41題) the (best) way to... 做(最好)的方法 (2016湘西42題) different kinds of... 各種各樣的(2015岳 陽36題) the number of...的數(shù)量(2015岳陽39題) the rest of名詞 剩余的,in a different

4、 way 以一種不同的方式 to ones surprise 令某人吃驚的是 名詞與動(dòng)詞 play a role in... 在中扮演角色(2016岳 陽43題) lose ones way 迷路(2016婁底24題) make trouble 制造麻煩(2015湘潭37題),make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤(2015張家界40題) have an idea 有一個(gè)主意/想法(2015益陽41題) ask for help 尋求幫助(2014常德38題) give some advice on... 在方面給出一些 建議(2014益陽24題) have a try 嘗試

5、learn a lesson 汲取教訓(xùn),make a wish 許愿 make a promise 做承諾 make a living 謀生 make a decision 做決定 make a noise 制造噪音 make a difference 產(chǎn)生影響 make progress 取得進(jìn)步 keep a balance 保持平衡 take an interest in sth. 對(duì)某事/物感興趣,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,同類名詞辨析,1. I want to go to the ______ to see my favorite animal. A. zoo B. school

6、 C. factory 2. The old man cant hear us well because theres something wrong with his ______. A. mouth B. ears C. eyes,A,B,3. Im a little hungry now. I only drank some ______ before I came to school. A. bread B. milk C. meat 4. The New York Times is one of the most popular daily ______

7、. A. magazines B. newspapers C. guidebooks,B,B,5. Children should help their ______ do some housework on weekends. Yes, I agree with you. A. friends B. parents C. classmates,B,6. What do you like to do in your spare time, Jim? I like ______. So I often listen to my favorite songs. A. trip

8、 B. art C. music,C,7. The ______ of Changsha is really hot, but we still like living here. A. spring B. summer C. winter 8. The passengers safety depends on the _____ when the plane is flying. A. engineer B. pilot C. teacher,B,B,其他語境類辨析,9. Cindy, whats your favorite ______？ I like socc

9、er best. A. color B. sport C. season 10. Running in the morning is a good ______. It can make us strong and healthy. A. habit B. success C. pity,A,B,11. There are lots of ______ that students have to follow in school. A. exercises B. problems C. rules 12. Im afraid to ask questions be

10、cause of my poor ______. Youd better practice speaking more. A. introduction B. pronunciation C. invention,B,C,13. Finding information is not a big deal today. Well, the ______ is how to tell whether the information is useful or not. A. courage B. challenge C. message,B,近義名詞辨析,14. Tony regard

11、s Beijing as his second ______ because he has lived there for ten years. A. family B. house C. home 15. At the foot of the hill, you can hear nothing but the ______ of the running water. A. sound B. noise C. voice,A,C,16. Jack found a good ______ after graduating from college. A. work

12、B. job C. business,B,名詞固定搭配,17. Jack takes little ______ in drawing, but he likes playing chess. A. choice B. cause C. interest,C,18. My brother graduated from Hunan Normal University at the ______ of 22. A. taste B. year C. age,C,19. Im tired out these days. Well, youd better keep

13、 a ______ between work and play. A. note B. balance C. order,B,20. If you dont know the ______ to the park, you can buy a map of this city. A. way B. price C. dream,A,考點(diǎn)1,可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則 (2016年3次， 2015年2次， 2014年2次 ),考點(diǎn)精講,命題點(diǎn)二 名詞的數(shù),分析湖南各地市近3年中考真題可知，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則為常考點(diǎn)。主要在單項(xiàng)填空中考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化， 不規(guī)則變化考查較少；

14、完形填空中尚未涉及。,,規(guī)則變化,不規(guī)則變化,,public, police, family, team, group, class, crowd等集體名詞，一般以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)它們作主語時(shí)，如果表示一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示集體中的每一個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,考點(diǎn)2,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的混合辨析 (2016年2次，2015年3次，2014年2次 ),分析湖南各地市近3年中考真題可知， 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞混合辨析主要在單項(xiàng)填空中考查， 完形填空中尚未涉及。,做此類試題時(shí)， 首先應(yīng)根據(jù)限定詞判斷用可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞， 其次根據(jù)語境選擇正確的選項(xiàng)。,如何判斷該詞是可數(shù)名

15、詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,先將這個(gè)名詞所表示的東西一分為二， 若每一半不能再叫原來的名稱時(shí)， 這個(gè)名詞就是可數(shù)名詞(如desk)；反之， 若每一半還可以叫原來的名稱時(shí)， 這個(gè)名詞就是不可數(shù)名詞(如meat)。,常見的修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的限定詞：,these這些；those那些；few幾乎沒有；a few一些；many許多；too many太多的；a good/great many大量的；a (great/large) number of大量的；scores of大量/許多；dozens of幾十/許多；大于1的具體基數(shù)詞(如：35 pens),常見的既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞：,all

16、全部的；some一些；enough足夠的； a lot of/lots of/plenty of許多的(其后謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)根據(jù)of 后名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定)； a great/large quantity of大量的(其后謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))；quantities of大量的(其后謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)),常見的修飾不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞：,this這個(gè)；that那個(gè)；little幾乎沒有；a little一點(diǎn)兒；a bit of一點(diǎn)兒；much許多；too much太多的；a great deal of/a large amount of許多， 大量的；數(shù)詞/不定冠詞表數(shù)量的名詞of(如：two cups of

17、tea/milk, two glasses of water, a piece of paper),初中?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞如下：,不可數(shù)名詞通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式， 也不能直接用不定冠詞a/an修飾。,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞易混歸納,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則,21. How many ______ are there in the basket? About ten. A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato,B,22. In autumn, there are a lot of ______ on the ground. A. leaf B. leafs

18、 C. leaves 23. I bought two ______ yesterday. One was for my father, and the other was for my mother. A. watch B. watches C. watchs,C,B,24. Can you peel some ______ for me? Of course. A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes,C,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞混合辨析,25. Would you like some _______？ Oh, yes, just a litt

19、le. A. rice B. apples C. eggs 26. Tony likes ______ best of all the vegetables, because theyre healthy and fresh. A. potato B. milk C. carrots,C,A,27. It cost me one hundred yuan to buy these four ______. A. drink B. books C. coffee 28. Our teachers usually give us some ______ on ho

20、w to face the difficulties and challenges. A. advice B. advices C. way,A,B,考點(diǎn)精講,命題點(diǎn)三 名詞所有格,湖南各地市近3年中考對(duì)名詞所有格的考查較少， 主要在單項(xiàng)填空中考查s名詞所有格(含節(jié)日類名詞的所有格、單數(shù)名詞的所有格、復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格、兩者或兩者以上名詞的所有格)。,節(jié)日類名詞的所有格,初中常見的節(jié)日類名詞的所有格如下： Womens Day婦女節(jié) (2015郴州22題) New Years Day元旦April Fools Day愚人節(jié) Valentines Day情人節(jié) Mothers Day母親

21、節(jié) Childrens Day兒童節(jié) Fathers Day父親節(jié) Teachers Day教師節(jié) New Years Eve除夕,單數(shù)名詞的所有格,普通單數(shù)名詞的所有格, 直接在詞尾加s。如： Jims ID card吉姆的身份證(2014岳陽26題) my brothers schoolbag 我哥哥/弟弟的書包(2014長(zhǎng)沙24題),復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,1. 詞尾不帶s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 在詞尾直接加s。如： Womens clothes婦女們的衣服 Peoples rights人民的權(quán)利 2. 詞尾已有s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞， 只在詞尾加。如： Students books學(xué)生們的書 Teach

22、ers office老師們的辦公室,兩者或兩者以上名詞的所有格,1. 表示兩者及其以上共有的所有關(guān)系， 在最后 一個(gè)詞的詞尾加s。如： Tom and Tims room湯姆和蒂姆(共有)的房間(2015邵陽22題) Lucy and Lilys bedroom露西和莉莉(共有)的臥室,2. 表示兩者及其以上各自的所有關(guān)系， 在每個(gè)詞的詞尾加s。如： Toms and Tims rooms湯姆和蒂姆(各自)的房間,,of 所有格 “名詞of名詞”構(gòu)成of所有格，此結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來表示無生命事物的名詞。如： a map of China 一張中國地圖,,雙重所有格 雙重所有格由“of名詞

23、s”或“of名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成。如： a friend of my fathers我父親的一個(gè)朋友 a photo of mine我的一張照片,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,29. ______ mothers are both teachers, but they teach different subjects. A. Linda and Johns B. Lindas and John C. Lindas and Johns,C,30. I live near the station. Its only about five ______ walk. A. minutesB. minutesC

24、. minutes 31. Women teachers in our school will be invited to a party on ______. A. Womens Day B. Womans Day C. Women Day,C,A,32. The ______ smallest monkey is the finger monkey. It is only 10 cm tall. A. world B. worlds C. worlds 33. There is a beautiful picture in the little ______ bedroom. She likes it very much. A. girl B. girls C. girls,C,B,