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1、跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 襄樊 電大 劉翠平 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第一講 日常談話中的文化差異 1 A.Greetings and Farewells Westerners coming to China always feel surprised to be told that the Chinese people often greet people with 你吃飯了沒(méi)有？ This, of course, is a common Chinese greeting around meal time and the people merely nodded with a s
2、mile, waved goodbye and went off. As we all realise that this remark was nothing more than a Chinese way of saying Hello or Hi. If the greeting had been put literally into English Have you eaten yet? Or Have you had your lunch? It would have sounded rather unusual. 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第一 日常談話中的文化差異 2 T
3、o American the greeting might mean this:“ I havent either. Come on, lets go together and get something to eat,” or “if you havent,I was just going to invite you to my place.” In other words, it could indicate an invitation to a meal. When Chinese part, they usually say good-bye, bye-bye. But usually
4、 in China, its a custom to say請(qǐng)留步，慢走，走好，慢點(diǎn) 騎等等。 B.Ways of Address 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第一 日常談話中的文化差異 3 In recent years, the trend of many English- speaking people has been to address others by using the first name tom, Michael, Linda, Jane, etc. Rather than calling the person Mr. Summers, Mrs. Howard
5、or miss Jones. 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第一 日常談話中的文化差異 4 One can infer from the preceding that the Chinese custom of addressing members of ones family relatives or close neighbors as 二哥，三姐，四嬸，周 大伯 should not be carried over into English. Another common Chinese form of address is the use of a persons title
6、, office, or occupation, such as 黃局長(zhǎng)， 林經(jīng)理， 李校長(zhǎng)。 But one seldom hers English speakers addressing others as bureau Director Smith, Manager Jackson, Principal Morris. 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第一 日常談話中的文化差異 5 C.Compliments and praise American and Chinese have differences in replying to compliments: Americans ten
7、d to accept the compliment while Chinese generally murmur some reply about not being worthy of the praise. D.Miscellaneous Social Amenities Both Chinese and English have expressions for gratitude, apologies, remarks preceding a request; for example, there are 謝謝，對(duì)不起，請(qǐng) Thank you, Im sorry, Exc
8、use me. On the whole, they are quite similar and present no problem. However, even among these, there are certain differences. 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第二講 語(yǔ)言中的文化差異 1 .Cultural Connotations of Words: A.Image and culture 形象與文化 狗： dog E-neutral word C-(with derogatory sense)如： 走狗 /看家狗 /賴皮狗 /痛打落水狗 /狗東西
9、/狗腿子 /狗膽包天 /狼心狗肺 /狗急跳墻 / 狗血噴頭 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第二 語(yǔ)言中的文化差異 2 Get the dog put on dog love me, love my dog. Let the sleeping dog lie. Every dog has its day. 獅子 lion A person felt to be like a lion especially in courage, ferocity, dignity or dominance 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第二 語(yǔ)言中的文化差異 3 英國(guó)國(guó)王查理一世 King Richar
10、d 由于勇 敢過(guò)人， 因此被稱作 the Lion-Heart. 英 國(guó)人以獅子作為自己國(guó)家的象征。 The British Lion(指英國(guó)） a literary lion(文學(xué) 界的名人）， v.lionize(把某人捧為名人） B)Meaning and Cultural Content詞義與 文化內(nèi)涵 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第二 語(yǔ)言中的文化差異 4 1） materialism唯心主義（追求物質(zhì)享 受， 物質(zhì)主義）； 2） idealism唯心主義（理想主義）； 在英語(yǔ)中， idealism作為（ “ 理想主義 ” 解時(shí)，他的對(duì)立面就是 materialism,
11、前者 具有不圖私利， 為理想而奮斗的意思， 而后者卻具有貪圖物質(zhì)享受、貪圖私利 的意思。 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第二 語(yǔ)言中的文化差異 5 .Unique Things of a Certain Culture某種文化所特有 的東西 街道婦女 street women? 個(gè)體戶 individual household? 全民所有 owned by the whole people? 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第三講 新詞語(yǔ) 1 1.利用現(xiàn)有的反義詞構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合反義 詞，例如； 原詞 新詞 Nightmare夜間惡夢(mèng) dayma
12、re晝夜惡夢(mèng) Hot line熱線 cold line冷線 Brain drain人才外流 brain gain人才流入 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第三 新詞語(yǔ) 2 2.仿照原有的同類詞創(chuàng)造出其對(duì)應(yīng)的詞 或近義詞，例如； 原詞 新詞 Green revolution blue revolution 綠色革命 藍(lán)色革命 White-collar worker gray-collar worker 職員 灰領(lǐng)工人 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第三 新詞語(yǔ) 3 3.通過(guò)詞的轉(zhuǎn)義， 形象性
13、地表達(dá)某種概念， 發(fā)人聯(lián)想，例如； 原義 轉(zhuǎn)義 Apple 蘋果 屈從白人的印地安人 Bottom line 結(jié)算盈虧的地線 最后結(jié)果、要點(diǎn) 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第四 講 顏色詞 1 In this chapter, the cultural associations of certain colors will be discussed, with “colorful” phrases and expressions in both English and Chinese used as illustration.
14、跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第四 顏色詞 2 White 白色所引起的聯(lián)想有一些是相似的。 Purity潔白，純潔， innocence清白無(wú)辜 在漢譯英時(shí)，應(yīng)注意有 “ 白 ” 字的詞語(yǔ)。 如； 白菜 Chinese cabbage白熊 polar bear 白費(fèi) in vain 白開水 boiled water 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第四 顏色詞 3 Black In both English and Chinese there are various terms indicating that black is often associated with n
15、egative qualities;blackist, 黑名單： black market, 黑市 black-hearted黑心的 In the black-----has a good meaning: running a business profitably. 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第四 顏色詞 4 Blue In English, blue is usually associated with unhappy feelings. In a blue mood; having a blues---a sad gloomy or depressed mood情緒低沉， 抑
16、郁 A blue Monday倒霉的星期一 Blue blood貴族 blue book 藍(lán)皮書 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第五講 禁忌與委婉語(yǔ) 1 Taboos 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第五 禁忌與婉語(yǔ) 2 In different cultures, some words or expressions are to be avoided. There are verbal taboos. Peoples of different cultures do not all agree on what are taboos. English and Chinese hav
17、e certain areas of agreement on taboos. Human excretion Sex and certain parts of the body is taboo in both cultures. 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第五 禁忌與婉語(yǔ) 3 Age, income, marital status, politics and religion etc are considered improper to ask a stranger or a person that one does not know well. Euphemism 1.P
18、regnant 2.W.C,toilet 3.Go to the toilet 4.Prostitute 5.Old 6.Fat 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第六講 典故 1 ALLUSIONS 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第六 典故 2 In most languages, people embellish their speech or writing with references to characters or events from their history, legends, literature, religion, etc. Such refer
19、ences---allusions---not only make the language richer, but also make communication much more vivid and often easier. In Chinese, 你這個(gè)人真 Q or 她是個(gè)林 黛玉式的人物 conveys so much information that hardly any further explanation needs to be make. 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第六 典故 3 Other characters or names from Shakespeares
20、 plays or later English and American literature that have also become common household terms include; 1) A Shylock貪婪， 殘忍的守財(cái)奴 2)a Sherlock Holmesa detective or shrewd person, the hero of Sir Arthur Conan Doyles wellknown detective stories. 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第六 典故 4 3)a Pandora box潘朵拉之盒 ----災(zāi)難， 麻煩，禍害
21、的根源 In Chinese many allusions are also drawn from the same sources ; literature, history, religion, sports etc. 文學(xué) 萬(wàn)事具備，只欠東風(fēng) ---Everything is ready, all thats needed is an east wind 跨文化交際主要內(nèi)容梳理 第六 典故 5 歷史 四面楚歌 ---hear the sounds of the Chu all around 寓言 對(duì)牛彈琴 ---play music to an ox 佛教、道教 臨時(shí)抱佛腳 ---embrace Buddhas feet in ones hour of need
《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理襄樊電大劉翠平.ppt
