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1、專 題 十 動 詞 的 語 態(tài)山 西 專 用 1被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成語態(tài)被動結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)be(am/is/are)動詞的過去分詞This kind of car is made in China.這種車是中國制造的。一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)be(was/were)動詞的過去分詞The flying disk was invented by college students這種飛碟是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)will/shallbe動詞的過去分詞The bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月后竣工。情態(tài)動詞的被動語 態(tài)情態(tài)動詞be動
2、詞的過去分詞Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制成。 2需要使用被動語態(tài)的情況:在不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)。如:These books are written for children.這些書是為孩子們編寫的。(誰寫的不知道)當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或不言自明時(shí)。如:China was liberated in 1949.1949年中國解放。(不言而喻是中國共產(chǎn)黨解放的)雖然可以說出動作的執(zhí)行者,但動作的承受者是談話中心或特別需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)。如:My watch has been repaired.我的表修好了。(表修好了是談話的主旨,是誰修好的則不必提及) 出于委婉
3、、禮貌而避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ?。如:You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你認(rèn)真一點(diǎn)兒做。(誰希望,不愿或不便說出來)當(dāng)人不是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如:We are all shocked by the news of his sudden death.他的突然去世使我們大家都感到震驚。 3主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的互相轉(zhuǎn)換主動語態(tài):動作執(zhí)行者動詞主動形式動作承受者被動語態(tài):動作承受者動詞被動語態(tài)動作執(zhí)行者如:We asked him to sing an English song.(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))He was asked to sing an English so
4、ng by us.我們叫他唱首英文歌?!咀⒁狻磕承﹦釉~形式是主動語態(tài),但含有被動的意思。如:The dictionary sells well.這本字典賣得好。The sweater costs $ 88.這件毛衣賣88美元。主動語態(tài)中有些動詞,如:make, see, listen, watch, feel后跟省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ),變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)要帶上to。如: He made the boy laugh.The boy was made to laugh by him.那個男孩被他逗笑了。 動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),動詞短語后的介詞或副詞不能省略。如:The baby was looked
5、after by her sister.那個嬰兒由她姐姐照顧。4不能使用被動語態(tài)的情況連系動詞,如:look, feel, smell等,以主動形式表示被動含義。如:The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。The watch looks good.這表看起來很好。有些詞組的主動形式表被動含義,如:need doing sth.(需要做某事), be worth doing sth.(值得做某事)等。如:Your bedroom is much mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了,需要馬上打掃一下。 表示“發(fā)生”的happen
6、或take place,無被動語態(tài)。如:故事發(fā)生在一個寒冷的夜晚。The story happened on a cold night.()The story was happened on a cold night.() 1 Food safety is very important.More rules should _in China.A make Bbe makingCbe made2 An expert team _to study H7N9 bird flu virus in April, 2013.A is set up Bwas set up Chas set up3 The sports meeting _next month.A will hold Bis going to hold Cwill be held4 Boys and girls, the books in the library should _ good care of.A be taken Btake Care taking5 Do you know when the first train _ in China?A was produced Bis produced C producedCB C AA