2011年高考英語二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)課件-形容詞和副詞
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1、共 49 頁1 專題二形容詞和副詞 共 49 頁2 一、定語的一般順序限定詞(定冠詞/不定冠詞/物主代詞/指示代詞)表示順序的詞(序數(shù)詞/only, same, next, last 等)表示數(shù)目的詞(基數(shù)詞/many, other, several 等)描述性形容詞(beautiful, interesting 等)(大小/長短/高低/新舊/樣式)顏色類屬性形容詞(British, English, adult, Pacific 等)名詞(history, oil, maths, flower 等)。如:the first two beautiful little yellow wooden
2、 flower vases (花瓶)。 共 49 頁3 巧記1:縣官行令殺國材。 (“縣”指限定詞,“官”指觀點(diǎn)、看法,“行”指形狀,“令”指年齡,“殺”指色彩,“國”指國籍,“材”指材料。 )巧記2:描繪形狀大長高,新舊顏色老與少, (再看)國籍和材料,作用類別(往后靠)。巧記3:美(描述性形容詞)小(大小)圓(形狀)舊(新舊)又黃(顏色),那是法國(國籍)木(材料)書(類別)房。 共 49 頁4 二、形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法1原級(jí)比較的基本用法(1)在肯定句中,用“as原級(jí)as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。H e is as good a worker as Peter.(H e is a wor
3、ker as good as Peter.H e is such a good worker as Peter.) 他和彼得一樣是個(gè)好工人。My handwriting is as beautiful as yours. 我的書法和你的一樣好。She cant use the computer so/as well as you.她沒你會(huì)使用計(jì)算機(jī)。 共 49 頁5 (2)在否定句中,用“as/so原級(jí)as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。I am not as/so busy as I used to be.我沒有過去那么忙了。(3)“as.as.”結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一個(gè) as 為副詞,第二個(gè) as 為連詞。We have
4、 produced as many tractors as we did last year.我們生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)的數(shù)量和去年一樣多。H enry is a student as good as Peter.(H enry is as good a student as Peter.H enry is such a good student as Peter.)亨利和彼得一樣是個(gè)好學(xué)生。 共 49 頁6 2比較級(jí)(1)運(yùn)用“比較級(jí)than”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以表達(dá)一方超過或低于另一方的情況。You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年輕多了。She doesnt work
5、harder than you(do)她工作不如你努力。表示兩者程度不同的其他結(jié)構(gòu),可用more than(多于),not more than(不多于), less than(少于), not less than(至少), lessadj.than(不如)等。We havent got more than one hour left right now.我們現(xiàn)在還有不到一個(gè)小時(shí)了。It is less cold today than it was yesterday.今天沒有昨天冷。 共 49 頁7 特別提醒:many more 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 much more 既可修飾不可數(shù)名
6、詞,也可構(gòu)成比較級(jí)。many more workers 還有很多工人much more money 還有很多錢much more important 更重要的(3)“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示事物本身程度的逐漸增長,意為“越來越”。As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer.夏天到了,天變得越來越長了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的國家正變得越來越美。 共 49 頁8 (4)“the比較級(jí)(), the比較級(jí)()”,這種句式用來表示一方的程度隨著另
7、一方的程度平行增長,意為“越(就)越”。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔細(xì),出現(xiàn)的問題就越少。The harder you work, the better youll learn.你越努力,學(xué)得越好。(5)the比較級(jí)of the two名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。The taller of the two boys is my brother.兩個(gè)男孩中比較高的那個(gè)是我弟弟。 共 49 頁9 3最高級(jí)最高級(jí)表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高的比較方式,其句式為:“the形容詞最高級(jí)名詞表示范圍的短語或從句”和“the副詞最高級(jí)
8、表示范圍的短語或從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。Jack is the tallest student in his class.杰克是他班上最高的學(xué)生。H e talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class.他是班上說得最少干得最多的。most 前如若沒有定冠詞 the,就沒有比較的意思,只是用來加強(qiáng)語氣,有“很,非常”之意。 共 49 頁10 This is a most interesting story.這是一個(gè)很有趣的故事。Annie is most hardworking.安妮非常用功。常用的修飾語有序數(shù)詞以及 much, (by)far, far
9、 and away,nearly, almost 等。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國第二長河。Of the three girs, Betty is much the cleverest.這三個(gè)女孩中,貝蒂是最聰明的。 共 49 頁11 Of all the students, Jacks oral English is almost the best.在所有的學(xué)生中,杰克的英語口語幾乎是最好的。This is(by)far the best book that Ive ever read.(This is
10、 the best book by far that Ive ever read.)這是我讀過的最好的書。 共 49 頁12 特別提醒:much,far,far and away 放在最高級(jí)之前,by far 可置于最高級(jí)前也可置于其后。 共 49 頁13 三、形容詞和副詞的特殊表達(dá)法1形容詞與副詞的同級(jí)比較:除由“as(so).as”引出,其否定式為“not so.as”或“not as.as”外,考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有“as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子:(1)as such:表示上文所指明的事或人H e is a child, and must be treated as such.他是個(gè)孩子,必須被
11、當(dāng)作孩子對(duì)待。 共 49 頁14 (2)as much:表示“與同量”Take as much as you like.拿多少都行。I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.就算價(jià)格再貴一倍,我也會(huì)愿意把它買下的。H e as much as admitted the whole story.他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。(3)as many:表示“與一樣多”I found six mistakes in as many lines.我在6行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了6個(gè)錯(cuò)。 共 49 頁15 2表示“幾倍于”的比較級(jí)用 twice (兩倍), four times (四倍
12、), ten times (十倍)加上 as.as結(jié)構(gòu):This one is four times as big as that one. 這個(gè)是那個(gè)的四倍大。(這個(gè)比那個(gè)大三倍。 )Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。H e has books twice as many as she does. 他的書比她的多一倍。3“the same名詞as”表示同級(jí)比較 共 49 頁16 4比較級(jí)前可用 a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot, many, much
13、等詞語表示不定量;far, completely, still 表示程度或更進(jìn)一步。5與比較級(jí)有關(guān)的特殊短語用法(1)no more than.(not any more than)表示“只不過”,“并不比”。Man cannot live without food any more than plants cannot grow without sunshine.人沒有食物不能生存,植物沒有陽光也不能生長。 共 49 頁17 (2)no less than.表示“不亞于;多達(dá)”。There are no less than five hundred people present at the
14、 New Year party.出席新年晚會(huì)的有500人之多。(3)not less than.表示“不少于”There are not less than five hundred people present at the New Year party.出席新年晚會(huì)的只有500人。 (出席的人不太多) 共 49 頁18 (4)had better 最好Come, you had much better have the thing out at once.來,你最好把這東西弄出去。(5)less than 不到The first steam locomotive could have a
15、top speed of only thirteen mph(miles per hour)and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed.第一列蒸汽火車最快速度每小時(shí)只有13英里,那時(shí)的大船還不到這個(gè)速度的一半。 共 49 頁19 (6)little more than 差不多The grain in their barn is little more than that of ours.他們倉庫的糧食跟我們的差不多。(7)more than 超過,不止I have wait
16、ed for you for more than two hours.我已經(jīng)等了你兩個(gè)多小時(shí)。(8)more or less 大體上,或多或少The work is more or less finished.工作大體上算完成了。 共 49 頁20 (9)other than 除了They imposed no preconditions other than that the meeting should be held in their capital.除了會(huì)議要在他們的首都開之外,他們沒有提出任何先決條件。 (10)rather than 而不是,與其寧愿(rather than表示“與
17、其寧愿”時(shí),如果位于句首引導(dǎo)句子,有虛擬的成分,相當(dāng)于“.would rather than”,所以 rather than 后面跟動(dòng)詞原形) 共 49 頁21 Read what interests you;read what you have time for magazines and newspapers rather than novels.讀你感興趣的東西,讀你有時(shí)間讀的東西,如雜志和報(bào)紙而不是小說。 共 49 頁22 6比較中的省略(1)在 as.as 中, as 從句可省略整個(gè)謂語部分,保留主語She sings as well as her sister.她跟她姐姐唱得一樣好
18、。 (省去了does)(2)可以省去部分謂語,保留主語和 be, have 或助動(dòng)詞Susan has done as much housework as you have.(省去了done)蘇珊跟你一樣已干完了家務(wù)。(3)可以省去主語和謂語,只剩下狀語It is not as cold in Beijing as in Datong.北京的天氣沒有大同冷。 共 49 頁23 (4)than 從句也可以省去整個(gè)謂語部分,保留主語They say that blood is thicker than water, that our relatives are more important to
19、us than others.他們說血濃于水,親屬對(duì)我們來說比其他人更重要。(5)than 從句省去部分謂語,保留主語和 be, have 或助動(dòng)詞。The whitecollar workers earn more than the bluecollar workers do.白領(lǐng)工人比藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人掙錢多。這時(shí),我們可以進(jìn)行倒裝,即將 than 后從句中的 be, have 或助動(dòng)詞移到該從句的前面。 共 49 頁24 (6)than 從句可以省去主語和部分謂語,保留賓語G randma gives more candies to her grandson than her granddaugh
20、ter.奶奶給孫子的糖比給孫女的多。 (省去了she gives candies to)(7)than 從句可以省去主語和謂語,保留狀語There are more books in this library than in that library.這個(gè)圖書館的書比那個(gè)多。(省去了there are many books)She is much better than yesterday.她比昨天好多了。 (省去了she was) 共 49 頁25 (8)than 從句可以省去主語,保留部分謂語。H is speed of doing the work was much faster tha
21、n had expected.他干此事的速度遠(yuǎn)比預(yù)料的快。 (省去了 he 或 we)(9)有時(shí)可以省去整個(gè) than 從句H e is much healthier and happier.他比以往任何時(shí)候都健康幸福。 (省去了 than he was ever before)(10)為了避免重復(fù),我們經(jīng)常用 that 代替不可數(shù)名詞, those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞, one 代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。 共 49 頁26 7其他有關(guān)比較的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法(1)“as形容詞(副詞)as possible”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“最,盡可能”:as quickly as possible(盡可能快)。(2)sooner or
22、 later是成語,表示“遲早、早晚”。(3)“would rather動(dòng)詞原形than.”是慣用句型,表示“寧愿而不愿”,連詞 than 要求前后所比較的成分要一致。 共 49 頁27 8 most 的相關(guān)用法有時(shí) most 并不表示“最”,而是做副詞表示“非常”之意。其實(shí)它是 much 的最高級(jí),作形容詞用是“大多數(shù)”之意,前面不加 the。另外 much 與 to 構(gòu)成介詞短語,表示“在很大程度上使”, that 也可以作副詞用,表示“如此,那么”,相當(dāng)于 so。 共 49 頁28 名校模擬演練 共 49 頁29 1(2010長春調(diào)研)Do you think an advertisem
23、ent is a help when you look for a job?Well, it depends. _, it gives me a chance to try.AOtherwise BAnywayCSomewhat DTherefore解析:考查副詞。anyway“不管怎樣,無論如何”,符合語意。somewhat“有點(diǎn)兒,有幾分”,otherwise“否則,不然”,therefore“因此,所以”,都與題意不符。答案:B 共 49 頁30 2(2010福建六校三聯(lián))Keeping _ hours does good to your _.Acommon; health Bregul
24、ar; healthCfamiliar; healthy Dusual; healthy解析:考查形容詞和名詞的用法。do good to.中to為介詞,后應(yīng)接名詞,排除C、D兩項(xiàng);common表示“常見的”,regular表示“有規(guī)律的”,根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容可知regular符合題意。keep regular hours意思是“有規(guī)律地生活,按時(shí)作息”。語意:有規(guī)律地生活對(duì)健康有利。答案:B 共 49 頁31 3(2010北京東城期末)The differences between American and British English are _ in the spoken form than
25、 in the written form.Agreat BgreaterCgreatest Dthe greatest解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。語意:美式英語與英式英語在口語上的差別遠(yuǎn)大于在書面上的差別。根據(jù)語意和than可以判斷,這里選B項(xiàng)。答案:B 共 49 頁32 4(2010上海春招)Ernest visited the South Pole because he wanted to see one of the _ regions in the world.Acolder BcoldestCmore coldly Dmost coldly解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。語意:Ernest去了南
26、極,因?yàn)樗胍タ纯词澜缟献罾涞牡胤?。這里應(yīng)該用最高級(jí)the coldest,故選B項(xiàng)。答案:B 共 49 頁33 5(2010成都市摸底測(cè)試)Young drivers under 25 have the highest number of accidents while those over 50 have _.Athe less Bthe fewestCthe least Dthe fewer解析:考查比較等級(jí)。語意:25歲以下的年輕司機(jī)發(fā)生的交通事故最多,而那些50歲以上的司機(jī)發(fā)生的交通事故最少。while表示的是對(duì)比關(guān)系,根據(jù)the highest可知這里用the fewest。le
27、ast的原形是little,用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而此處的被修飾詞是accidents,因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。答案:B 共 49 頁34 6(2010重慶巴蜀中學(xué))Now that you like the personal computer very much, isnt it a good idea to get one?Well, Id like to but I cant afford _ computer at present.Athat expensive a Ba such cheapCthat an expensive Dso cheap解析:根據(jù)所給語境可知說話人目前買不起一臺(tái)如此昂貴
28、的電腦,此處的that是副詞,相當(dāng)于so。答案:A 共 49 頁35 7(2010黃岡中學(xué))Authorities face a(n) _ task to persuade typhoon survivors to abandon their floodstricken villages and relocate to lower and safer lands.Acomplex BtoughCeasy Dsharp解析:考查形容詞辨析。要說服那些臺(tái)風(fēng)中的幸存者離開被洪水襲擊的村莊,搬到更低、更安全的地方,這個(gè)工作對(duì)政府來說很難,用tough表示“困難的”。A“復(fù)雜的”,C“容易的”,D“敏銳
29、的”,都不符合語意。答案:B 共 49 頁36 8(2010唐山摸底考試)Since he was 67, it didnt seem _ that he would continue long in that position.Aimpossible BnecessaryCparticular Dlikely解析:考查形容詞。語意為他已經(jīng)67歲了,看起來不可能在那個(gè)職位上待很長時(shí)間了。A、B選項(xiàng)用于Its impossible/important/necessary/unusual that.句型,that從句常用should動(dòng)詞原形,而非would動(dòng)詞原形。C項(xiàng)不符合題意,故選D。答案:D
30、 共 49 頁37 9(2010江西撫州一中)It is said that the _ building was designed by a famous Frenchman, who has thousands of excellent works all over the world.Ared stone beautiful Bstone beautiful redCbeautiful stone red Dbeautiful red stone解析:本題考查形容詞排序。冠詞、數(shù)詞排最前,接下來是主觀性的形容詞,最靠近被修飾的名詞是表客觀性的形容詞,如顏色、國籍和材料等。答案:D 共 49 頁38 10(2010河北唐山一模)We need a drink. Im really thirsty._. Lets have one.AGenerally BStrictlyCExactly DPossibly解析:考查副詞。exactly的確,確實(shí)(如此),合題意。generally一般地;strictly嚴(yán)格地;possibly可能地。答案:C
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