新視界大學(xué)英語綜合教程3unit

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1、 Warming upSkimmingDiggingCritical thinkingLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingTalking pointVincent van Gogh Warming up Work in pairs. Check () the things which you think are forms of art. architecture cinema classical music cooking dancing fashion design martial arts novels painting poetry p

2、opular music sculpture Now add some more ideas to the list. Warming up Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 What examples can you think of for each art form? (Reference.)2 What do great works of art have in common? 3 Which is the greatest of all the art forms, and why?They refresh the spirit. Th

3、ey have beauty. They express some aspect of being human more clearly for us. Music explores emotions beyond words and has a worldwide appeal. Poetry as a form of art has meaning as well as beauty. Warming uparchitecture: the Temple of Heaven, Beijing cinema: Chen Kaiges Yellow Earth ( 黃 土 地 ) classi

4、c music: Mozarts 4 0 th Symphony ( 莫 扎 特 第 四 十 交 響 曲 ) cooking: a meal at Da Dong Roast Duck Restaurant (大 董 烤 鴨 店 ), Beijing dancing: a performance of Swan Lake fashion design: a show by Giorgio Armani (喬 治 阿 瑪 尼 ) martial arts: a display by Jet Li (李 連 杰 )novels: The Dream of the Red Chamberpainti

5、ng: a Rembrandts ( 倫 勃 朗 ) self-portraitpoetry: Qu Yuans Li Sao popular music: Teng Lichuns (鄧 麗 君 ) When will you return?sculpture: Michelangelos (米 開 朗 基 羅 ) David Back Warming upWatch a video collection of van Goghs works and try to learn the song Starry Starry Night. Starry, starry night. Paint

6、your palette blue and grey, Look out on a summers day, With eyes that know the darkness in my soul. Shadows on the hills, Sketch the trees and the daffodils, Catch the breeze and the winter chills, In colors on the snowy linen land. Now I understand what you tried to say to me, How you suffered for

7、your sanity, How you tried to set them free. They would not listen, they did not know how. Lyrics: Warming up Look at the painting of sunflowers and answer the questions.1 In what period do you think this was painted?2 Which is the strongest colour?The 1 8 8 0 s.An orange yellow. Warming up3 What do

8、 you think the painter hoped to express with this painting?4 What (if anything) does the painting tell us about the personality of the painter? It is clearly more than the appearance of the flowers. I think his emotions about them or perhaps his emotions in general are expressed in the form of sunfl

9、owers. (A sense of welcome and happiness.)Powerful emotions, almost a sort of pain about life. (the intensity of his feelings.) SkimmingBrowse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Analyze the structure of the passage: 1 . how many parts can the passage be divided into? 2 . whats

10、 the main idea of each part?Task Organization of the passage Part 1 (1 -3 ) Part 2 (4 -9 ) Part 3 (1 0 -1 5 ) Part 4 (1 6 ) Main idea of each part Part 1 (1 -3 ):brief introduction to Vincent van Gogh Part 2 (4 -9 ): van Goghs life Part 3 (1 0 -1 5 ): the reasons for his productivity Part 4 (1 6 ):

11、conclusion Skimming Answer the questions. 1 What two facts do most people remember about van Gogh? His use of colour and his mental illness. 2 What did his early paintings show? The gloomy light of Northern Europe. 3 How did the Impressionists influence his style? His style became lighter and bright

12、er. 4 Why did he paint so many pictures of himself? Because he could not afford to hire models. Skimming5 Why did he move to the south of France? Because he grew discouraged with his life in Paris, and he was drawn by the sunshine of Arles.6 How did van Gogh and Gauguin get on with each other? They

13、were very close but they had serious disagreements. 7 Why did van Gogh need to spend time in a mental hospital? For depression and because he was worried about hearing voices. 8 What do art lovers think about van Gogh now? He produced some of the greatest paintings the world has ever known, and gave

14、 inspiration to so many later artists. Skimming Match the conditions 1 5 with the symptoms (a)(e).1 epilepsy 2 sunstroke3 lead poisoning 4 schizophrenia5 bipolar disorder(a) hearing voices inside your head (b) seeing circles of light around objects (c) experiencing periods of intense activity follow

15、ed by tiredness(d) feeling sick and aggressive (e) feeling the need to write a lot SkimmingAnswer: 1 -(e); 2 -(d); 3 -(b); 4 -(a); 5 -(c) Vincent van Gogh 譯 文Digging1 Between November of 1 8 8 1 and July of 1 8 9 0 , Vincent van Gogh painted almost 9 0 0 paintings, but never achieved fame. Yet since

16、 his death, he has become one of the most celebrated painters in the world. Background information Digging2 The two most important but apparently independent features about van Gogh which most people know about are his spectacular, almost explosive, use of colour and the poor state of his mental hea

17、lth, which brought his life to a sad end. 譯 文Digging3 Yet, according to medical research since van Goghs death, it now seems that these two features may be linked, and that his mental health may have contributed to his artistic style, not just at the end of his life, but at earlier times as well. 譯

18、文Digging4 Van Gogh was born in Holland in 1 8 5 3 , and his early career working for an international art dealer took him to London, Paris and Belgium. When he decided to become a painter in 1 8 8 0 with the support of his brother Theo, his early work was, not surprisingly, filled with the gloomy li

19、ght of Northern Europe. 譯 文Digging5 In Paris van Gogh met many of the artists later known as Impressionists, such as Degas, Toulouse-Lautrec, Pissarro and Gauguin. His style changed under their influence, and became lighter and brighter. He used small strokes of primary colours (red, blue and yellow

20、) and complementary colours (purple, orange and green). He was also sensitive to the more abstract style of Gauguins paintings, where shapes of objects are represented by distinct zones of colour. 譯 文Digging6 Yet despite working in such an encouraging atmosphere, van Gogh could not equal his friends

21、 growing success. He was unable to pay for models, and so he painted a large number of self-portraits, which may indicate his potential for soul searching. 譯 文Digging7 Van Gogh soon grew discouraged with his life in Paris, and moved to Arles in the south of France, where, drawn by the sunshine, he h

22、oped to establish an artists community. He felt liberated by the people, the buildings and the scenery there, and painted them with vivid, passionate colours and a cheerfulness which was new to him and his career. He was keen for Gauguin to visit him, and finally persuaded him to make the journey. 譯

23、 文DiggingThe paintings of Sunflowers and his home were partly intended as a welcome to Gauguin, partly a reflection of his happiness. But because of the intensity of van Goghs friendship for him and hostile disagreements about their working methods, Gauguin left Arles. At this event, van Gogh cut of

24、f part of his own right ear. 譯 文Digging8 Van Gogh spent several desperate periods in a mental hospital over the next two years because of his depression and his concern that he had heard voices. His style became more experimental, with stronger lines and sharper colours, always dominated by the gree

25、n of the olive trees, the blue of the sky and the spectacular yellow of the sun. This was the period of his greatest output and some success, with the famous The Starry Night and other paintings being well-received by critics at the annual exhibition in Paris. 譯 文Digging9 But these very productive p

26、eriods were matched by moments when despair prevailed, during which he doubted his ability to create a work of value. In a delicate state of mind, van Gogh returned to a friend near Paris and continued his work. In 1 8 9 0 he shot himself, taking two days to die.10 So what is the link between his lo

27、ve of intense colour and his destructive mental state? 譯 文Digging11 We now know more about mental and physical illness, and their effects. Van Gogh suffered from epilepsy, an illness which leads to fits, and which may have been caused by a defect in the brain at birth. This was made worse by drinkin

28、g absinthe, a popular but dangerous alcohol often drunk by artists at the time. His doctor prescribed a drug which can cause the patient to see everything in yellow or to see yellow spots. This may have been why van Gogh loved the colour. Digging12 Van Gogh experienced a surge of activity, after whi

29、ch he became tired and depressed. We now recognize these to be symptoms of bipolar disorder. He also used lead-based paints, exposure to which can lead to lead poisoning. One of the symptoms of lead poisoning is a swelling of the retinas in the eyes, which can cause one to see light in circles aroun

30、d objects. We can see this effect in paintings such as The Starry Night. 譯 文 Digging13 Another condition linked to epilepsy and manic behaviour is the spontaneous need to write continuously. Van Gogh wrote over 8 0 0 letters to his brother, Theo, which might be the result of this condition. 譯 文 Digg

31、ing14 Van Gogh wanted his paintings to be realistic, so he worked outdoors. Some of the episodes of aggressiveness and feeling sick may be the effects of sunstroke. 譯 文 Digging15 Finally, hearing voices is a well-established symptom of schizophrenia, a serious mental illness which changes the relati

32、onship between what you think and reality. 譯 文 Digging16 We talk about the genius necessary to produce great works of art. In van Goghs case, his genius, especially in his use of colour, may be due to his mental health. As art lovers, we acknowledge that van Gogh produced some of the greatest painti

33、ngs the world has ever known, and gave inspiration to so many later artists. But we should not overlook the mental torture he suffered for his art.譯 文 1 . and so he painted a large number of self-portraits, which may indicate his potential for soul searching. (Line 3 , Para 6 )His interest in painti

34、ng his own face may indicate his interest in examining himself and asking himself questions about his values and the meaning of his life. soul searching: asking oneself questions about ones values and the meaning of ones life Difficult sentences Difficult sentences 2 . He felt liberated by the peopl

35、e, the buildings and the scenery there, and painted them with vivid, passionate colours and a cheerfulness which was new to him and his career. (Line 3 , Para 7 )He felt a new freedom from the lifestyle, attitudes and scenery he experienced there. His pictures from that time were brighter in colour

36、and happier in mood than any he had painted before. Difficult sentences 3 . But because of the intensity of van Goghs friendship for him and hostile disagreements about their working methods, Gauguin left Arles. (Line 9 , Para 7 )The friendship was a lot stronger on van Goghs part than Gauguins and

37、this made the latter feel uncomfortable about it. The two argued bitterly about art (for example, van Gogh believed in painting out in the open, whereas Gauguin thought it better to paint from memory). As their relations got worse, van Gogh panicked that Gauguin would leave him, approached him with

38、a razor blade in hand, and later cut off his own ear with the blade. Gauguin decided his presence only made van Goghs behaviour worse and he left Arles while his dangerous friend was recovering in hospital. Difficult sentences 4 . In a delicate state of mind, van Gogh returned to a friend near Paris

39、 and continued his work. In 1 8 9 0 he shot himself, taking two days to die. (Line 4 , Para 9 )delicate state of mind: psychologically fragile; close to breakdown Difficult sentences 5 . Van Gogh experienced a surge of activity, after which he became tired and depressed. (Line 1 , Para 1 2 )a surge

40、of activity: of any activity he was engaged in at that time; for example, he might produce many paintings. Difficult sentences 6 . Some of the episodes of aggressiveness and feeling sick may be the effects of sunstroke. (Line 2 , Para 1 4 )episodes of aggressiveness: for example, the arguments with

41、and threatening Gauguin Difficult sentences 7 . But we should not overlook the mental torture he suffered for his art. (Line 7 , Para 1 6 )As we enjoy van Goghs paintings, we ought to remember what pain and unhappiness his work caused him. explosive 釋義1 a. (usu before noun) relating to or like an ex

42、plosion 爆 炸 式的例句Nuclear weapons are not the only explosive force threatening civilization. 核 武 器 不 是 唯 一 的 威 脅 人 類 文 明 的 爆 炸 力 量 。 翻譯Words例句Unemployment became an explosive issue. 失 業(yè) 成 了 一 個(gè) 爆 炸 性 的 問 題 。 翻譯 釋義2 a. able to explode 會(huì) 爆 炸 的Words例句Highly explosive gas is naturally found in coal mines.

43、煤 礦 中 天 然 存 有 高 爆 氣 體 。翻譯例句The explosive device was timed to go off at the rush hour.爆 炸 裝 置 被 設(shè) 定 在 高 峰 時(shí) 間 引 爆 。 翻譯explosive 釋義1 n. C a single short line or mark made with a pen or brush （ 鋼 筆 或 毛 筆 的 ） 一 筆 ， 一 畫例句The most complex Chinese character contains 6 4 strokes. 最 復(fù) 雜 的 漢 字 有 64畫 。 翻譯Words

44、例句翻譯stroke Fill in gaps by using short, upward strokes of the pencil.用 鉛 筆 向 上 短 短 地 勾 畫 幾 道 來 填 充 空 白 。 釋義2 n. C one of the series of sounds some clocks make to mark the hour, or the time marked by this （ 某 些 鐘表 整 點(diǎn) 報(bào) 時(shí) 的 ） 一 敲 ， 一 響例句The telephone rang at the stroke of six. 鐘 敲 六 下 ， 電 話 鈴 響 了 。 翻

45、譯Words例句翻譯On the stroke of 1 2 , fireworks suddenly exploded into the night. 12 點(diǎn) 的 鐘 聲 剛 敲 響 ， 焰 火 便 在 夜 空 中 綻 放 。stroke 釋義1 a. abstract art expresses the artists ideas or feelings rather than showing the exact appearance of people or things （ 藝 術(shù) ） 抽 象 派 的例子翻譯Words例句Abstract art is an acquired tas

46、te.翻譯對(duì) 抽 象 派 藝 術(shù) 要 有 足 夠 的 了 解 才 會(huì) 欣 賞 。 .a modern abstract painting一 幅 現(xiàn) 代 派 抽 象 畫 。 abstract 釋義2 a. abstract ideas exist as thoughts in the mind, and are not related to physical objects or real events and actions 抽 象 的例句The photographs put a human face on an abstract political event. 這 些 照 片 上 的 人

47、 物 面 孔 使 抽 象 的 政 治 事 件 具 體 化 。翻譯Words例句 Some people say beauty itself is abstract.有 人 說 美 是 抽 象 的 。翻譯abstract 釋義1 a. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelt, or tasted 清 晰 的 ；清 楚 的 例句There was a distinct smell of burning coming from downstairs. 樓 下 飄 來 濃 烈 的 焦 糊 味 。 翻譯Words例句As dawn broke, the outline

48、 of a building became distinct against the sky. 天 亮 時(shí) 建 筑 物 的 輪 廓 在 天 空 的 襯 托 下 顯 得 十 分 清 晰 。翻譯distinct 釋義2 a. separate and different in a way that is clear 有 區(qū) 別 的 ；不 同 的例句They were classified into two distinct groups. 他 們 被 歸 入 兩 種 不 同 類 型 的 群 體 。 翻譯Words例句The company, as distinct from its shareho

49、lders, should be liable for any debts. 公 司 與 其 股 東 不 同 ， 負(fù) 有 償 還 債 務(wù) 的 責(zé) 任 。翻譯真題Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. (Jun. 1 9 9 8 , CET-4 , Reading Comprehension) distinct 釋義1 vt. to make someone feel less confident or hopeful 使 泄氣 ； 使 灰 心例句Try

50、ing to lose weight fast will only discourage you. 試 圖 迅 速 減 肥 只 會(huì) 使 你 灰 心 喪 氣 。 翻譯Words例句It may be difficult to do at first. Dont let this discourage you.翻譯萬 事 開 頭 難 ， 別 因 此 而 灰 心 。discourage 釋義2 vt. to try to prevent something from happening, especially because you do not approve of it or think it

51、is harmful （ 尤 指 因 反 對(duì) 或 認(rèn) 為 有 害 而 ） 阻 止 ， 制 止例句Put the plant in a cold room to discourage growth. 把 這 棵 植 物 放 到 較 冷 的 房 間 阻 止 其 生 長(zhǎng) 。翻譯Words例句We hope the bad weather wont discourage people from coming along. 我 們 希 望 壞 天 氣 不 會(huì) 阻 止 人 們 前 來 。 翻譯discourage 釋義1 vt. to give someone the freedom to do what

52、 they want, for example by taking them out of a situation in which their behaviour is controlled 解 除 對(duì) 的 束 縛 ； 解 脫例句翻譯Words In the 1 9 3 0 s, electricity liberated farmers from many hard chores. 20世 紀(jì) 30年 代 ， 電 使 農(nóng) 民 從 許 多 累 活 兒 中 解 脫 了 出 來 。 例句翻譯These reformation measures liberate all villagers fro

53、m poverty. 這 些 改 革 措 施 把 村 民 們 從 貧 困 中 解 脫 了 出 來 。 liberate 真題Any institution that “l(fā)iberates” students from fair and formal exams is misguided, if not ignorant. (Jan. 1 9 9 1 , CET-4 , Reading Comprehension ) 釋義2 adj. to make a place or the people in it free from soldiers who have been controlling

54、it 解 放例句翻譯Words例句翻譯Those oppressed nations are rising to liberate themselves. 那 些 受 壓 迫 的 國(guó) 家 要 站 起 來 解 放 他 們 自 己 。 They planned to march on and liberate the city.他 們 計(jì) 劃 繼 續(xù) 挺 進(jìn) ， 解 放 該 城 市 。 liberate scenery 釋義n. U natural things such as trees, hills, and lakes that you can see in a particular pla

55、ce 風(fēng) 景 ； 景 色 ； 自 然 景 觀例句翻譯Words Switzerland has some spectacular scenery. 瑞 士 有 一 些 壯 觀 的 自 然 景 觀 。 例句翻譯The train passes by some breathtaking scenery in the Canadian Rockies. 列 車 要 經(jīng) 過 加 拿 大 境 內(nèi) 落 基 山 脈 ， 可 以 看 到 一 些 令 人 驚 嘆 的 美 景 。 釋義a. behaving in a very unfriendly or threatening way towards someo

56、ne 懷 敵 意 的 ； 不 友 善 的例句翻譯Words She was openly hostile to him. 她 公 然 對(duì) 他 懷 有 敵 意 。 例句翻譯The West has gradually relaxed its hostile attitude to this influential country.西 方 對(duì) 這 個(gè) 頗 具 影 響 力 的 國(guó) 家 的 敵 視 態(tài) 度 已 逐 漸 緩 和 。 hostile 釋義1 a. very worried and angry because you do not know how to deal with an unple

57、asant situation 絕 望 的例句翻譯Words TV stations broadcast an appeal from the teenagers desperate parents. 電 視 臺(tái) 播 放 了 該 少 年 絕 望 的 父 母 的 懇 求 。 例句翻譯The missing mans family are getting increasingly desperate. 失 蹤 者 的 家 人 越 來 越 絕 望 。 desperate I would never have resorted to a court of law if I hadnt been so

58、desperate. (Jun. 2 0 0 2 , CET-4 , Vocabulary and Structure) 真題 釋義2 a. (usu before noun) extremely severe or serious 非 常 嚴(yán)重 的例句翻譯Words 這 所 學(xué) 校 的 一 些 地 方 急 需 維 修 。 Parts of this school are in desperate need of repair. 例句翻譯desperate The Red Cross said it was in desperate need of blood. 紅 十 字 會(huì) 說 非 常 需

59、 要 血 液 。 dominate 釋義1 v. to be the most important feature of something 成 為（ 的 ） 最 主 要 特 征例句翻譯Words Casual wear has come to dominate the clothing market. 例句翻譯這 場(chǎng) 皇 室 婚 禮 成 為 了 本 周 新 聞 的 主 題 。 The royal marriage has dominated the news this week. 休 閑 裝 開 始 占 據(jù) 服 裝 市 場(chǎng) 的 主 導(dǎo) 地 位 。 釋義2例句翻譯Words 電 影 導(dǎo) 演 這

60、 一 行 業(yè) 中 ， 男 性 占 主 導(dǎo) 地 位 。 Movie directing is a profession dominated by men. Dont allow the computer to dominate your childs life. 例句翻譯別 讓 計(jì) 算 機(jī) 主 宰 了 你 孩 子 的 生 活 。 v. to control something or someone, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence 支 配 ； 控 制dominate output 釋義n. C,

61、U (usu sing) the amount of something that a person, organization, system etc produces 產(chǎn) 量 ； 作 品例句翻譯Words 人 手 不 足 已 使 我 們 廠 的 年 產(chǎn) 量 減 少 。 Shortage of hands has shrunk our plants yearly output.Government statistics show the largest drop in industrial output for ten years.例句翻譯政 府 統(tǒng) 計(jì) 數(shù) 據(jù) 顯 示 這 是 10年 來

62、工 業(yè) 產(chǎn) 量 最 大 幅 度 的 滑 坡 。 Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory will have risen by about 1 0 %. (Jan. 1 9 9 6 , CET-4 , Vocabulary and Structure) 真題 well-received 釋義a. getting a good reaction from people 反 應(yīng) 很 好 的 ； 受 到歡 迎 的例子翻譯Words 一 本 受 歡 迎 的 書a well-receive

63、d book例句翻譯到 目 前 為 止 我 們 的 演 出 在 各 學(xué) 校 反 應(yīng) 很 好 。 Our presentations have been well received by the schools so far. 釋義1 n. C someone whose job is to write or broadcast their opinions about things such as books, films, or plays （ 書 、 電 影 、 戲 劇 等 的 ） 評(píng) 論 家 ， 評(píng) 論 員She started as a food critic for a local

64、paper. 她 最 初 是 為 當(dāng) 地 的 一 家 報(bào) 紙 做 美 食 評(píng) 論 員 。 Phrases例句翻譯The New York critics had praised her performance. 紐 約 的 影 評(píng) 家 們 高 度 評(píng) 價(jià) 了 她 的 表 演 。例句翻譯critic 釋義2例句翻譯他 成 了 煙 草 業(yè) 的 強(qiáng) 烈 反 對(duì) 者 。n. C someone who does not like something and states their opinion about it 批 評(píng) 者PhrasesHe became a fierce critic of th

65、e tobacco industry. 例句翻譯批 評(píng) 者 指 責(zé) 她 只 在 乎 成 功 。Her critics accused her of caring only about success. critic 釋義1 a. working hard and producing or achieving a lot 富 有 成效 的 ； 成 果 豐 碩 的Phrases例句翻譯It was a very productive meeting. 這 次 會(huì) 議 卓 有 成 效 。 例句翻譯Politeness is usually more productive than confronta

66、tion. 彬 彬 有 禮 比 針 鋒 相 對(duì) 通 常 更 能 取 得 良 好 效 果 。 productive 釋義2例句翻譯化 學(xué) 肥 料 使 土 地 更 多 產(chǎn) 。 Fertilizers make the land more productive. a. making or growing things in large quantities, especially so that they can be sold 富 饒 的 ； 多 產(chǎn) 的Phrases例句翻譯During their most productive period, both mills were controlled by the Marling family. 在 最 高 產(chǎn) 的 時(shí) 期 ， 兩 家 磨 坊 都 由 馬 林 家 族 控 制 。 productive At one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world. (Jan. 1 9 9 7 , CET-4 , Vocabulary