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1、高考題型拆分組合練(四)　閱讀理解提速練 閱讀理解 A (2019·福建省三校聯(lián)考) The things that kids choose to play with can affect our earth.The manufacturing of toys and games can produce harmful pollution and non-biodegradable waste，which is harmful for our planet.But some toymakers are creating items for kids that aim higher.The

2、y use natural or non-harmful materials，and find ways to reuse and recycle.Toys and kits(成套工具) can also teach kids about environmentally friendly solutions.Here are a few of our favorite low-impact，fun toys. Test the water Water is the earth's most precious natural resource.Many people take it for

3、granted，but not everybody in the world has access to clean water.Learn about the science behind one solution with Thames & Kosmos' Global Water Quality Experiment Kit.The kit comes with tools and instructions for conducting eight important experiments including testing the quality of water and

4、making dirty water cleaner.($15) Plant tomatoes When communities in dry，desert regions experience drought，it impacts their agricultural practices.Learn about water preservation and grow delicious cherry tomatoes with Back to the Roots Self-Watering Tomato Planter.It features technology that Africa

5、n desert farmers have been using for thousands of years：a miniature clay pot releases water，but only when the surrounding soil has dried up.($30) Draw with veggies Wee Can Too's Veggie Sidewalk Chalk is made from fruit and vegetable powders—it's practically safe to eat！The chalk，created using envi

6、ronmentally friendly ingredients，has none of the chemicals found in your typical sidewalk chalk.When the rain comes and washes away your masterpiece，no harmful pollutants will be entering the environment.($12) Create with cardboard When cardboard breaks down in a landfill，it creates methane，a maj

7、or greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.Recycled cardboard can be transformed into a work of art with the Cardboard Tool Kit from UncommonGoods.The kit comes with 28 reusable parts for fastening cardboard pieces together.Now let your imagination go wild！($13) 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇廣告類應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四種

8、環(huán)保的兒童玩具，包括玩具名稱、設(shè)計特點、材料來源以及價格等。 1．What is special about Back to the Roots' small clay pot? A．It is very pretty. B．It is a recent invention. C．It can improve tomatoes' taste. D．It uses technology against drought. D　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，該玩具的特點是使用了非洲沙漠地區(qū)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)使用了數(shù)千年的技術(shù)：當(dāng)周圍的土壤干涸時，微型陶罐才可以放水。據(jù)此可推知，這種玩具的特

9、點是使用了抗旱技術(shù)，故D項正確。] 2．Which product needs users to be imaginative? A．Cardboard Tool Kit. B．Veggie Sidewalk Chalk. C．Self-Watering Tomato Planter. D．Global Water Quality Experiment Kit. A　[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)尾段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句“Now let your imagination go wild！”可知，Cardboard Tool Kit可以充分發(fā)揮人的想象力，故A項正確。] 3．What do

10、 the four products have in common? A．They are hard to use. B．They are earth-friendly toys. C．They are good for kids' health. D．They are great choices for art lovers. B　[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第四、五句并結(jié)合四種玩具的特點介紹可知，這四種玩具的共同點是環(huán)保，故B項正確。] B (2020·安徽合肥八校第一次聯(lián)考) I've come back to check on a baby.Just after dusk

11、I'm in a car down a muddy road in the rain，past rows of shackled (戴鐐銬的) elephants，their trunks swinging.I was here five hours before，when the sun was high and hot and tourists were on elephants' backs. Walking now，I can barely see the path in the glow of my phone's flashlight.When the wooden fence

12、post stops me short，I point my light down and follow a current of rainwater across the concrete floor until it washes up against three large，gray feet.A fourth foot twisted above the surface，tied tightly by a short chain and choked by a ring of metal spikes (尖刺)．When the elephant tires and puts her

13、foot down，the spikes press deeper into her ankle. Meena is four years and two months old，still a child as elephants go.Khammon Kongkhaw，her caretaker，told me earlier that Meena wears the spiked chain because she tends to kick.Kongkhaw has been responsible for Meena here at Maetaman Elephant Adventu

14、re，near Chiang Mai，in northern Thailand，since Meena was 11 months old.He said he keeps her on the spiked chain only during the day and takes it off at night.But it's night now. I ask Jin Laoshen，the Maetaman worker who accompanies me on this night-time visit，why her chain is still on.He says he doe

15、sn't know. Maetaman is one of many animal attractions in and around tourist-crowded Chiang Mai.Meena's life is set to follow the same track as many of the roughly 3，800 captive (被關(guān)起來的) elephants in Thailand.When Meena is too old or sick to give rides—maybe at 55，maybe at 75—she'll die.If she's luck

16、y，she'll get a few years of retirement.She'll spend most of her life on a chain. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者在泰國目睹了大象的悲慘遭遇，呼吁人們關(guān)注大象的命運。 4．Why does the author decide to come back? A．She wants to check on baby elephant Meena. B．She wants to feed those shackled elephants. C．She wants to release those shackl

17、ed elephants. D．She knows a baby is in need of help urgently. A　[考查細節(jié)理解。題干問“作者為什么決定回來”，句中的baby應(yīng)該是答案信息，繼續(xù)往下讀可以得知baby是指那只戴鐐銬的小象。由此可知作者回來檢查是因為不放心小象Meena。] 5．What can we conclude from the second paragraph? A．The author is scared to walk in the path. B．Meena is treated badly and is very painful. C．

18、Meena only has three healthy legs. D．One of Meena's leg is badly broken. B　[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“A fourth foot twisted above the surface，tied tightly by a short chain and choked by a ring of metal spikes (尖刺)．..the spikes press deeper into her ankle”可知，小象Meena被帶刺的鐵鏈拴著，一只腳不能落下，由此可知小象被虐待，并且很痛苦。] 6．What's

19、 the author's attitude towards those elephants? A．Indifferent.　　 B．Critical. C．Sympathetic. D．Negative. C　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“He said he keeps her on the spiked chain only during the day and takes it off at night.But it's night now”并結(jié)合全文作者對大象悲慘命運的描寫可知，作者對這些被人類囚禁用于營利的動物表示同情。indifferent漠不關(guān)心的；critical批判

20、性的；sympathetic同情的；negative消極的。] 7．We can infer that the purpose of the author's writing the passage is ． A．to describe those elephants to attract tourists around the world B．to appeal to people to care about the fate of those elephants C．to tell readers the story of a baby elephant in Chi

21、ang Mai，Thailand D．to tell the reason why the number of elephants is decreasing B　[考查寫作意圖。根據(jù)本文判斷，作者同情那些被旅游地用來吸引游客的被囚禁的大象的命運，作者寫本文就是為了呼吁人們?nèi)リP(guān)心這些大象的命運。] C (2019·武昌區(qū)調(diào)研考試) Parents complain about their teenagers' noses constantly in their phones，but they might want to pay attention to their own screen

22、 time habits. A study out Wednesday from the Pew Research Center found that two-thirds of parents are concerned about the amount of time their teenage children spend in front of screens，while more than a third express concern about their own screen time. Meanwhile，more than half of teens said they

23、 often or sometimes find their parents to be absent-minded when the teens are trying to have a conversation with them.The study calls teens' relationship with their phones at times “hyperconnected” and notes that nearly three-fourths check messages or notifications(通知) as soon as they wake up.Parent

24、s do the same，but at a lower if still considerable rate—57 percent. Big tech companies face a growing backlash(強烈反應(yīng)) against the addictive nature of their phones and apps，the endless notifications and other features created to keep people fastened to their screens. Many teens are trying to do some

25、thing about it：52 percent said they have cut back on the time they spend on their phones and 57 percent did the same with social media. Experts say parents have a big role in their kids' screen habits and setting a good example is a big part of it.“Kids don't always do what we say but they do as we

26、 do，”said Donald Shifrin，a professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine，who was not involved in the study.“Parents are the door that kids will walk through on their way to the world.” The study surveyed 743 U．S. teens and 1，058 U．S. parents of teens from March 7 to April 10.The rang

27、e of error is 4.5 percentage points. 【語篇解讀】　父母總是抱怨他們的孩子太沉溺于手機，其實是他們自身的這種行為影響到了孩子。為了避免孩子對手機上癮，父母自身應(yīng)該首先樹立好榜樣。 8．According to the survey，how many parents are concerned about their screen time? A．About 354. B．About 317. C．About 603. D．About 705. A　[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“while more than a third exp

28、ress concern about their own screen time”和最后一段中的“The study surveyed 743 U．S. teens and 1, 058 U．S. parents of teens”可知，這次研究調(diào)查了1 058位父母，而他們中超過1/3的人表達對自己使用手機時間的擔(dān)憂；由此可知1 058÷3＝352.7；又根據(jù)more than可知，應(yīng)該大于352，故選A。] 9．What does the underlined word“hyperconnected”in Para.3 mean? A．Interactive. B．Undervalue

29、d. C．Nonexistent. D．Overdeveloped. D　[考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Parents complain about their teenagers' noses constantly in their phones”和第二段中的“two-thirds of parents are concerned about the amount of time their teenager children spend in front of screens”可知，都提到父母擔(dān)憂孩子看手機的時間太長；而劃線詞所在句又講到青少年一醒來就先查看手機的信息和通知；由此可推

30、知，孩子和手機之間的關(guān)系是過度聯(lián)系的，故畫線詞與D項意思相近。] 10．Who makes it hard for people to fight against phone addiction? A．Protective parents. B．The Pew Research Center. C．Inexperienced teens. D．Greedy tech companies. D　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可推知，大型科技公司為了自己的利益，會不斷研發(fā)使人上癮的手機功能，故選D。] 11．What does the text suggest parents do ab

31、out their kids' screen habits? A．Upgrade the smart phones. B．Criticize kids for bad habits. C．Forbid kids from using phones. D．Cut down their own screen time. D　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句以及“Kids don't always do what we say but they do as we do”可知，父母對于孩子看手機的習(xí)慣有不可推卸的責(zé)任，樹立榜樣意義重大；由此可推知，文章建議父母減少自己看手機的時間，故選D

32、。] D (2020·成都畢業(yè)班摸底測試) Self-driving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than human-driven cars. But so far，most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair. Crash statistics fo

33、r human-driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations，and on all types of roads.However，most of the data on self-driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways，where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to

34、 the vehicle ahead.Automated cars are rather good at those kinds of tasks，but so are humans. It is true that self-driving cars don't get tired，angry，frustrated or drunk.But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver，nor do the

35、y possess the foresight to avoid potential perils．They largely drive from moment to moment，rather than thinking ahead to possible events literally down the road. To a self-driving car，a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited corn field.Indeed，deciding what action to take in

36、 an emergency is difficult for humans，but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others.An automated system's limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate a situation the same way a human would.And machines can't be specifically programmed in advance to

37、handle every imaginable set of events. Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support expanding the use of driverless cars.But experience from aviation (航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced，there is often an increas

38、e in the rate of disasters. Consequently，comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully.To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety，it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison.

39、Choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a one-for-one exchange. 【語篇解讀】　自動駕駛汽車一直被推崇，人們希望這些汽車能比人駕駛汽車更少地帶來傷亡，但是目前大多數(shù)人類司機和自動駕駛汽車之間的比較是不公平的，我們應(yīng)該綜合考慮各種因素，確?？茖W(xué)地收集數(shù)據(jù)，從而真實、客觀地評價自動駕駛汽車。 12．What makes the comparison between self-driving cars and human-driven cars unfair? A．Se

40、lf-driving cars never get tired. B．Statistics are collected differently. C．Machines can make decisions faster. D．Self-driving cars know the world better. B　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，人駕汽車的碰撞事故統(tǒng)計是在各種駕駛情況下和各種道路上收集的。然而，大多數(shù)關(guān)于自動駕駛汽車安全性的數(shù)據(jù)通常是天氣晴好時在高速公路上記錄的，由此推斷，人駕汽車和自動駕駛汽車的碰撞事故數(shù)據(jù)收集情況不同，所以把兩者進行比較是不公平的，故選B。] 1

41、3．In which aspect can self-driving cars beat human-driven cars? A．Driving steadily. B．Climbing steep slopes. C．Evaluating the cost of loss. D．Making complex decisions. A　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“It is true that self-driving cars don't get tired，angry，frustrated or drunk”可知，自駕車不會疲勞，不會憤怒或沮喪，也不會醉酒，由此推知，在

42、駕駛穩(wěn)定性方面，自駕車要勝過人駕駛的汽車，故選擇A項。] 14．What does the underlined word “perils” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Dangers. B．Self-driving cars. C．Pedestrians. D．Human-driven cars. A　[考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)下文中的“rather than thinking ahead to possible events literally down the road”以及畫線詞前面的avoid可推知，自動駕駛汽車沒有預(yù)見能力來避免潛

43、在的危險，故畫線詞意為“危險”。] 15．Why does the author write this text? A．To support human-driven cars. B．To show his doubt about self-driving cars. C．To call for exact evaluation of self-driving cars. D．To stress the importance of reducing car accidents. C　[考查寫作意圖。通讀全文，尤其最后一段中的“To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety，it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison”可知，要公平地評估無人駕駛汽車能在多大程度上實現(xiàn)其提高安全性的承諾，收集真實可靠的對比數(shù)據(jù)是非常重要的。由此推斷，作者寫這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們通過公平比較，對自動駕駛汽車做出準確的評價。]