備戰(zhàn)2018年高考英語 考點一遍過專題04 代詞（含解析）

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1、 考點04 代詞 高考頻度：★★★★★ ◆代詞的考查要點 代詞分為九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關系代詞、不定代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。 一、 人稱代詞 1.人稱代詞作主語用主格，作賓語、表語用賓格，但應注意以下四種情況： ①作主語的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無謂語動詞的句子中，或在這種句子中與動詞不定式連用，常用賓格。 —Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard. —Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.

2、②句子中代詞作賓語或賓語補足語時，與所替代的名詞在人稱、數(shù)、格以及意義上一般要保持前后一致。 The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代) They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她。(me是賓格，故用her替代) ③作表語的人稱代詞一般用賓格，但在強調句型中，被強調部分代詞的格不變。 I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital. ④在比較級的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如：He is taller than

3、 me(I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別： I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her. I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him，too. 2.兩個以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列原則： 在并列主語中，＂I＂總是放在最后，排列順序為：二 三 一(人稱)。賓格me也一樣。 You，she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. 二、 物主代

4、詞 1.注意名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語法功能。 2.one’s own...＝...of one’s own句式的轉換。 3.某些固定結構中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。 take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg 三、 反身代詞 1.反身代詞的語法功能：賓語、表語、主語或賓語的同位語。 2.反身代詞和某些動詞連用，構成固定短語。 devote oneself to致力于 dress oneself自己穿衣 enjoy oneself過得快活 feel oneself覺得正常 3.反身代詞還可用于某些成語中。 for onesel

5、f為自己；獨立地 of oneself自然地；自動地 by oneself獨自地 in oneself本身 四、 相互代詞(each other，one another) 相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別，在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為each other’s，one another’s，作定語。 一般來說，each other指兩者之間，one another指三者或三者以上之間，但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。Zx.x.k 五、指示代詞(this，that，these，those，such，same) 指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性，在句子中可以作定語、主語、賓語或表語等。 1.指示代詞

6、this(these)和that(those)的區(qū)別。 ①this(these)一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；that(those)常指時間或空間上較遠的人或物。 This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school. ②this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt h

7、is leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come. ③為了避免重復，常用that或those代替前面已提過的名詞。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. ④this在電話用語中用于作自我介紹，that用于詢問對方；this和that可以當副詞用，意思相當于副詞so。 Can hard work change a person that much? 考向1 對替代詞的考查

8、 1. that(those), one(ones)和it(的替代用法) 代詞 用法 it 特指前面提到過的同一個人或者物 that 可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當于the one。其復數(shù)形式為those，相當于the ones one 指代前面出現(xiàn)過的那類事物中的＂一個＂，其復數(shù)形式為ones those 指＂the＋名詞復數(shù)(尤其是有后置定語時)＂ —Did you get a ticket? ——你搞到票了嗎？ —Yes, I managed to get one. ——是的，我設法搞到了一張。 The weather

9、of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天氣比廣州冷。 Studying Wendy’s menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.研究了溫迪的菜單，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中很多東西和麥當勞的相似。 The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it. 這兒的天氣太冷了，我不喜歡這兒的天氣。 說明：①one和that都可以用來替代上文中所出現(xiàn)的名詞，有時可以互換；但是在下列情況下不可以互換： 只能用tha

10、t 只能用one that既可替代可數(shù)名詞，也可替代不可數(shù)名詞，常要求有后置定語，一般不指人，復數(shù)形式為those。 one只能替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，復數(shù)形式為ones。當可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾時，只能用one ②the ones用來替代上文提到的特指的復數(shù)名詞，有時可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定語的情況下。 The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些書比桌下的好。 Only those(the ones)who had booked in advance were allow

11、ed in.只有那些預先訂票的人可以進去。 但是，the ones中的ones根據(jù)情況可用形容詞修飾，而those不可以。 —Which do you want?你想要哪個? —I’ll have the red ones.我要紅色的。 Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.別買那價錢貴的蘋果，買那便宜的。 【知識鏈接】 1. 當替代詞one / ones 緊跟在形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞以及this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another等限定詞之后時，

12、通?？梢允÷?。如： 　　I think my dog’s the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。 　　Either (one) will suit me. (這兩個當中)哪一個對我都合適。 　　Let’s have another (one). 咱們再來一個吧。 　　She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔細地看了看每一個，然后才挑選。 　　Which (one) would you like?—That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一個?——看起來那個最好

13、。 　　2. 復數(shù)形式的ones之前一般不直接用名詞所有格、物主代詞、數(shù)詞以及 some, any, both, several, dozen, own 等詞修飾。如： 　　Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有圖釘嗎?我能借一些嗎? (不能說：…some ones?) 　　Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有沒有新的日記本?——我們眼下一本也沒有了。(不能說：... any ones? ) 　　He has thr

14、ee dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本詞典，但我只有兩本。(不能說：... two ones.) 　　注：如果ones前有描繪性形容詞修飾，則可以使用上述詞語。如： 　　誤：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones 　　正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones 　　在美國英語中，ones不能緊跟在these和those之后。但是在英國英語中可以

15、這樣用(也不常見)。 　　3. 當一個名詞受另一個名詞修飾時，通常不宜用one(s)來替代。如： 　　Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你們需要咖啡杯還是要茶杯? (不能說：... or tea ones? ) 　　但若一個名詞受表材料的名詞修飾，可用one(s)替代。如： 　　We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我們可以借給你塑料椅子或者金屬椅子。 1.(2016浙江)In many ways , the education system in the US is not ver

16、y different from _______ in the UK. A. that B. this C. one D. it 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在許多方面，美國的教育體系和英國的教育體系大不相同。that指代上文的the education system。it指代的是同一種事或物。one是泛指，指代同類中的一個。故選A。 2.Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness ______

17、_ this morning. A. it　　　　　　　　 B. those C. one D. that 【答案與解析】C 3.I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _______. A. one B. it C. this D. that 【答案】B 【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in f

18、ront。句意：我很喜歡屋前有一個美麗花園的這棟房子，但是我沒有足夠的錢去把它買下來。 4.Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _______ of McDonalds . A. those B. ones C. any D. all 【答案】A 【解析】those=the ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示復數(shù)、特指，被of McDonald’s修飾，符合語境。ones表示復數(shù)、泛指；any

19、任何一個；all全部，均不符合語境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy餐館的菜單，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中許多與麥當勞的菜單項目非常相似。 考向2 對both，all，either，any，neither，none 的考查 1.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _______ contained any useful suggestions. A. all B. none C. either D. neither 【答案】D 【解析】all全部；none沒有一個；either兩個中

20、任何一個；兩者都不。根據(jù)該句意思：那個研究小組在調査的基礎上得出了兩個報告，但是兩個報告里面都沒有任何有用的建議。故選D。 2.—When shall I call , in the morning or afternoon? —_______. I’ll be in all day . A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either 【答案】D 3.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _______ of her e

21、nthusiasm for life. A. no one B. neither C .none D. all 【答案】C 【解析】no one沒有人；neither表示否定兩者，題干沒有兩者提示，因此不選；表示三者以上的否定意用none。句意：羅斯瑪麗這么多年遭受了嚴重疾病所帶來的痛苦，但是她一點也沒有喪失對生活的熱情。 4.My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop. A. nothing B. none C. no o

22、ne D. neither 【答案】B 【解析】這里要注意是在那家店里沒有買到，就是說店里的任何一塊表都不可用的，有一個特定的范圍，用none。nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，強調＂沒有一個＂；no one只能指人；neither表兩者都不，故此題選B。句意：我哥哥想買一塊好表，但是在那家店里沒有合適的。 考向3 對 another，the other，other，others，the others 的考查 代詞 用法 other 不能單獨使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義 the other the other可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的＂另

23、一個＂；也可修飾名詞，表示 ＂另外的……＂ another 單獨使用或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指＂另一，再一＂；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的＂另一個＂。另外another后可接＂基數(shù)詞/few＋復數(shù)名詞＂形式，表示＂另外的……(多少)＂ others 單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為＂其他的人或事物＂，常與some一起出現(xiàn) the others 意為＂剩余的一些＂ His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse. 他父母都在一家醫(yī)院工作。一個是醫(yī)生，一個是護士。 Whe

24、n Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them. 當美國人從一個地方遷移到另一個地方時，他們帶著自己的方言。 You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea. 你是隊里的明星！與別人一起工作的確是你的所愛。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse，another is a teacher and still another is a worker. 我有三

25、個女兒。一個是護士，另一個是教師，還有一個是工人。 We need another few chairs.我們還需要幾把椅子。 1.—Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? —_______ one? A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More 【答案】C 【解析】anot

26、her 與數(shù)詞連用時，數(shù)詞放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more與數(shù)詞連用時，數(shù)詞放在它們的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一個，含義與all接近。因此選C。句意：＂親愛的，可不可以到廚房里給我拿一塊巧克力來？＂＂還要吃一塊？＂ 2.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _______. A. the other B. other C. the others D. another 【答案

27、】D 【解析】兩者中另一個用＂the other＂。不定數(shù)目(兩個以上)中的另一個用＂another＂句意：為了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。 3.You are the team star! Working with _______ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other 【答案】C 4.Neither side is prepared to talk to _______ unless we can sm

28、ooth thing over between them. A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 【答案】B 【解析】neither含有＂兩者都不＂之意，一方對應另一方，故用the other指＂兩者中的另一個＂。句意：除非我們能夠清除他們之間的障礙，否則雙方沒有一方愿意同另一方談話。 考向4 對 it的考查 it的特殊用法 (1)作形式主語或形式賓語代指不定式、動詞－ing形式、名詞性從句。 I find it difficult to do the job well.

29、 我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件工作不容易。 (2)表示＂喜歡、恨＂等心理方面的動詞后面接it，構成固定結構，這類動詞有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。 We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她來幫忙了，我們十分感激。 (3)it在固定結構中的用法： make it成功； take it that...假設，以為……； when it comes to...當談到……時； rely on/depend on/count on it that...相信…… You m

30、ay rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他會來接你的。 1.I’m afraid you can’t _______ to the village in an hour; you must allow for the icy road. A. get it B. take it C. leave it D. make it 【答案】D 【解析】句意:恐怕你不能在一小時后到達那個村莊；你必須考慮到路面結冰。get it弄明白；take it認為；leave it把它遺留在某地；mak

31、e it及時抵達,成功。 2.—Alice, turn off the light and lock the door before you leave. —_______. A. Got it B. Made it C. Heard it D. Taken it 【答案】A 【解析】句意：＂愛麗絲，離開之前把燈關掉，把門鎖好。＂ ＂知道了。＂got it知道，明白；made it約定時間，做成某事。故選A。 3.—Mom. I came first in the National Basic Skill Competition.

32、 —Well done! _______. A. Keep it up B. Take it easy C. Catch it D. Hold it. 【答案】A 題組一基礎過關 用適當?shù)拇~填空 1.The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city. 2.—May I ask for leave tomorrow? —No，you can’t.________ applying for

33、the scholarship must be present. 3.I dislike ________ when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger. 4.If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get ________ for me? 5.＂Speed up. 70 km/h isn’t fast enough. You are holding up the traffic，＂ another voice ordered from th

34、e seat next to ________ (I). 6.She asked ________ (I) name and said she didn’t remember me. 7.Years have passed. Now，every time I sit down to write ________ new，I think of Mr Gough. 8.Both teams were in hard training；________ was willing to lose the game. 9.—How many students are there in the cl

35、assroom now? —________. I have locked it. 10.Saying is one thing and doing is ________. 題組二能力提升 I.單項選擇 1.—What do you think about that new librarian? —She is _______ of a good clerk, for she even doesn’t know how to classify the books. A. somebody B. nothing C. something

36、 D. nobody 2.College students should learn to compromise. But some of them only expect people to change for them, not _______ way around. A. another B. the other C. other D. any other 3. Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely viole

37、nt. A. which B. it C. them D. those 4.According to the Gini Index, the degree of wealth concentration in China has risen by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than _______ of the US. A. this B. one C. that D. such 5.—I’ve sold my first painting! —This is reall

38、y _______! Someone actually thinks your painting fantastic. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something 6.It’s one thing to send a short message but _______ to hove the person receiving the message actually do something. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 7.I

39、f I had ever feared death before, it was _______ compared to how I felt as the roller coaster moved faster and faster. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 8. Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not _______ hard to understa

40、nd with a little study. A. such B. that C. onlyD. thus 9. Tina has got a new dictionary and I’m eager to have ______ as well. A. that B. it C. this D. one 10. Hangzhou is really a beautiful city, so we have decided to stay for ______ two days. A. other B. another C. the

41、 other D. others II.語篇填空 An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market. The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind __1__. A man saw them and asked the son why __2__wasnt riding the donkey. Then the father let __3__ride it.__4__ man saw them and told __5__ that they should __6

42、__ride the donkey.So__7__ both got on it. A woman who saw them said，＂Tell __8__，why are you both riding that poor animal? __9__ looks so weak and tired. You are so cruel?。hen，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying __10__ across a bridge. When they were halfway across the bridge，

43、the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river. 題組三體驗真題 1.（2016浙江）In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from __________in the UK. A. that B. this C. one D. it 2.（2015重慶）The meeting will be held in September, but_________

44、 knows the date for sure. A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody 3.（2015浙江）How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it 4.（2015天津

45、）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools. A. that B. one C. it D. this 5.（2015陜西）To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against . A. another B. the other C. other D. eith

46、er 6.（2015福建）The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but_________contained any useful suggestions. A. all B. none C. either D. neither 7.（2014全國大綱卷）—Who’s that at the door? —__________ is the milkman. A. He B. It C. This D. That 8.（2014全國大綱卷）I think M

47、rs. Stark could be _______ between 50 and 60 years of age. A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyhow D. anything 9.（2014重慶）A smile costs _______, but gives much. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 10.（2014山東）Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to

48、make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 題組一基礎過關 用適當?shù)拇~填空 1.that　 2.Anyone　 3.it　 4.one　 5.mine/me　 6.my　 7.something　 8.neither　 9.None　 10.another 題組二能力提升 I.單項選擇 3.B【解析】考查代詞。句意：90%最流行的視頻游戲都包含暴力，其中很多是極其暴力的。it指代不可數(shù)名詞violence。 4.C 【解析

49、】 that/those在句中用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的同類比較對象，that指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，that指代上文提到的＂the degree of wealth concentration＂。句意：據(jù)基尼指數(shù)顯示，過去35年來，中國的財富集中度增長了三分之一，如今比美國還高。 5.D【解祈】句意：＂我賣掉了我的第一幅畫?。ⅲ⑻袅耍∫欢ㄓ腥苏J為你的畫是極好的。＂This/It is really something為習慣用法，意為＂太棒了，好極了＂。該句中something指＂重要的事物(人)，有一定意義的事物＂，符合句意。故答案選D。zx*x*k 6.A 【解析】句意：發(fā)短信是一回

50、事，而讓收到短信的人做什么事又是另外一回事。(one…)another(表示另外一個，故選A項。 7.D 【解析】句意：要說我以前怕死過，可要與坐著過山車轉得越來越快時的感覺相比，那簡直算不上什么了。 即：沒有什么可以與坐著過山車轉得越來越快時的感覺相比。故選nothing。 8.B【解析】句意：實際上，只用稍作研究，愛因斯坦的相對論和他的其他的科學著作并不是那么難理解的。that hard=so hard那么難。 9. D 【解析】考查代詞。句意：Tina有一本新的字典，我也渴望有一本（新字典）。指代上文的a new dictionary用one代替；that指上文的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可

51、數(shù)名詞，后面有后置定語；it特指上文的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，this表示＂這個＂；one泛指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故選D。 10.B【解析】考查形容詞和代詞。another是形容詞，通常接單數(shù)名詞，＂又一個，再一個，另一的＂的意思。another two days意思是＂還要兩天＂。other可以作為形容詞或代詞，表示＂其他的，另外的＂。當other作為形容詞時，后面通常接復數(shù)名詞，這是它與another的主要區(qū)別。the other指的是兩個人或兩件東西中的＂另一個＂。other作為代詞時，復數(shù)是others，表示＂別的（人或物）＂，＂其余的（人或物）＂。 II.語篇填空 1.it/the

52、m　 2.he　 3.him　 4.Another　 5.them 6.both　 7.they　 8.me　 9.It　 10.it 題組三體驗真題 2.B【解析】句意：會議將在九月舉行，但沒有人知道確切的日期。根據(jù)but表達轉折可知沒有人知道，故選B項。 【名師點睛】這道題考查不定代詞，題目難度不大，不定代詞的運用要根據(jù)題目中所給的語境，及關鍵詞來進行確定。Somebody一般用于肯定的陳述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑問句或條件句中，everybody用于肯定句； nobody表示沒人或沒有人；根據(jù)語境中的but可知表示轉折，故暗

53、示沒有人知道確切的日期。 3.D 【解析】句意：當你正在看一個你喜歡的節(jié)目時，突然有個人進來，一聲不吭地關掉電視，你會怎么想？It作形式賓語，指代if后面的句子。該句涉及到了一個疑問句，一個條件狀語從句（if）和兩個并列句(and)。這當時應該先把它轉化為陳述句you would like______.分析句子結構知道like之后缺少一個賓語，需要一個賓格代詞充當，所以答案為D。 【名師點睛】it 為形式賓語，其后的不定式為真正的賓語。一般說來，當不定式、動名詞、從句等用作賓語且其后跟有賓語補足語時，就應在賓語補足語前使用形式賓語，而將真正的賓語移至句末。it 用作形式賓語的基本句型是：動

54、詞+形式賓語+賓語補足語+真正的賓語。另外，某些表示＂喜、怒、哀、樂＂的動詞，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接賓語從句，需要用it作形式賓語。 4.A【解析】句意：這所小學校的教育質量要好于一些大學校。句中代詞代指不可數(shù)名詞the quality of education，故用代詞that。代詞it和one都代指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故選A。 7.B 【解析】考查代詞的用法。句意：——誰在門外？——是送牛奶的。因為不知道門外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故選B。 8.A 【解析】考查不定代詞的用法。句意：我認為Stark夫人在50到60歲之間在哪里都行。此處anywhere意為：任何地方，符合句意。 9.C 【解析】句意：微笑是無需付出任何成本的。該句中的but一詞構成前后語義矛盾，＂微笑不花錢，但卻給予他人很多。nothing與much形成語義對比。故本題選擇C項。cost nothing意為＂無需付出＂。 10.C 【解析】這是一個賓語從句，make的賓語是that引導的句子，在本句中用it做形式賓語代指that引導的賓語從句。句意：Susan向我表明她希望能過上新的生活。故答案選C。 15