【PPT】安徽中考·英語(yǔ) 第二部分·專題五 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)

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1、中考安徽中 考英 語(yǔ)2019第二部分語(yǔ)法專題過(guò)關(guān)專題五介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)CONTENTS目 錄PART 01考情PART 02考點(diǎn)PART 01考情考情總結(jié)鏈接中考圖解語(yǔ)法命題點(diǎn)考情總結(jié)考情從近10年安徽中考英語(yǔ)試題的考查情況來(lái)看,介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)為高頻考點(diǎn)。對(duì)介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空兩大題型中,集中在介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)的意義理解上,重點(diǎn)考查學(xué)生在特定語(yǔ)境中對(duì)介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)用法的掌握情況。 考點(diǎn)年份介詞辨析介詞短語(yǔ)辨析2018against2017behind2016behindin danger2015in, ofas a result2014after2013over2012

2、duringin the end2011ininstead of, in danger2010inin the way2009in front of命題點(diǎn)鏈接中考考情B1.2017安徽,38To my pleasure, my family is always me whatever I decide to do. A. above B. behind C. from D. through2.2015安徽,33The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come four days. A. afterB. for C. during D. in3.2014安

3、徽,32 the exam, well say goodbye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school. A. In B. For C. After D. Through4.2013安徽,37Mrs. King put a coat the sleeping girl to keep her warm. A. overB. withC. behind D. besideDCA命題點(diǎn)鏈接中考考情B5.2012安徽,36Welcome to our hotel! I hope youll have a goo

4、d time your stay here. A. after B. during C. with D. since6.2011安徽,42I hear our teacher will be backthree weeks time. A.at B.in C.for D.after7.2010安徽,33What time do you expect me back, Mum?Say, half an hour. A.atB.beforeC.inD.for8.2009安徽,34Why are you standing there,Maggie? I cant see the blackboard

5、 clearly.Two tall boys are sitting me. A.behind B.in front of C.beside D.next toBCB命題點(diǎn)圖解語(yǔ)法考情PART 02考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 表示時(shí)間的介詞考點(diǎn)2 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞考點(diǎn)3 表示方式的介詞 考點(diǎn)4 表示動(dòng)態(tài)的介詞考點(diǎn)5 表示范圍的介詞考點(diǎn)6 其他?？嫉慕樵~考點(diǎn)7 常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 表示時(shí)間的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 常用的表示時(shí)間的介詞有at, in, on, by, since, until, during, for, before, after, past, through, from.

6、to.等?；居梅ㄈ缦?介詞用法示例at 多用于某一具體時(shí)刻之前I usually go to bed at 10:00. 我通常十點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)。也用在固定搭配中at noon/night 在中午/夜里;at Christmas 在圣誕節(jié);at the age of 3在3歲時(shí)in 表示一段時(shí)間,用于年份、月份、四季、世紀(jì)之前,或泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上等in 2018 在2018年;in September 在九月;in summer 在夏天;in the 21st century 在21世紀(jì);in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或多久

7、以后,常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)The train will leave in ten minutes. 火車將在10分鐘后離開(kāi)?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 表示時(shí)間的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 介詞用法示例on多用于星期幾、具體的日期、具體的某一天或某些節(jié)日之前on Monday 在星期一;on May 2nd 在5月2日;on your birthday 在你生日那天;on New Years Day 在元旦用于具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上之前on the evening of May the first 在5月1日的晚上;on a winter morning 在一個(gè)冬天的早上by意為到為止,如果b

8、y之后是將來(lái)的時(shí)間,則與將來(lái)時(shí)連用;如果by之后是過(guò)去的時(shí)間,則與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用Ill finish the work by tomorrow morning. 我將在明天上午之前完成這項(xiàng)工作。John had read five books by the end of last term.在上學(xué)期期末之前,約翰已經(jīng)看了5本書了?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 表示時(shí)間的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 介詞用法示例since意為自以來(lái),后接具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn),常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,表示一直延續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 He has lived here since 2008. 自2008年以來(lái)他一直住

9、在這里。She has been off work since Tuesday. 星期二以來(lái)她一直沒(méi)有上班。until 用在肯定句中,意為直到為止,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Anna worked as a teacher in America until last month. 直到上個(gè)月,安娜一直在美國(guó)當(dāng)老師。用在否定句中,意為直到才,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 I didnt leave home until 5 oclock. 直到5點(diǎn)我才離開(kāi)家。考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 表示時(shí)間的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 介詞用法示例during 意為在期間 He didnt say anything d

10、uring the party.在聚會(huì)期間,他什么都沒(méi)有說(shuō)。for表示一段時(shí)間,后接時(shí)間段He slept for eight hours last night. 他昨晚睡了8個(gè)小時(shí)。before意為在之前The new road should be completed before the end of the year. 這條新公路應(yīng)該在年底前完工。after 意為在以后,后接時(shí)間段,常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)I went home after an hour. 一小時(shí)之后我回家了。意為在以后,后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)Well leave after 7 oclock. 我們將在7點(diǎn)后動(dòng)身?？键c(diǎn)

11、1考點(diǎn) 表示時(shí)間的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 介詞用法示例past意為晚于;在之后Its five past eight. 現(xiàn)在是八點(diǎn)五分。It was past midnight when the party ended. 派對(duì)結(jié)束的時(shí)候已經(jīng)過(guò)了午夜了。through意為在整個(gè)期間;自始至終The cold weather continued through the spring. 寒冷的天氣持續(xù)了整個(gè)春天。from.to.意為從到He had ten lessons from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm yesterday. 昨天從上午8點(diǎn)到下午6點(diǎn),他上了10節(jié)課

12、。考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 in, on和to介詞用法示例in表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的方位(屬于該范圍)Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中國(guó)東部。(內(nèi)部,屬于)on表示與某一地區(qū)的毗鄰關(guān)系(兩地接壤)Hebei is on the north of Henan. 河北在河南北部。(外部,接壤)to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的方位(兩地沒(méi)有接壤)Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)東部。(外部,不接壤)考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 at, in和on介詞用法示例at

13、表示在一個(gè)點(diǎn)或較小的地方at the table 在桌旁; at the bus stop在公共汽車站in表示在一個(gè)范圍或較大的地方in the city 在城市里; in America 在美國(guó)on表示在一個(gè)平面上,或在某物體上吊著/掛著There is a mirror on the wall. 墻上有一面鏡子。There are many apples on the tree. 樹(shù)上有很多蘋果?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 above, below, over, under和on介詞用法示例above意為在上方,不一定垂直在上,且兩個(gè)物體互不接觸,其反義詞

14、是belowHe lifted his hands above his head. 他雙手舉過(guò)頭頂。 below意為在下面,不一定垂直在下,且兩個(gè)物體互不接觸Please do not write below this line.請(qǐng)不要在這條線下面書寫?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7介詞用法示例over意為在上方,表示垂直在上,且兩個(gè)物體互不接觸,其反義詞是underThey held a large umbrella over her. 他們給她撐起一把大傘。under意為在下面,表示垂直在下,且兩個(gè)物體互不接觸He hid the box under his

15、bed. 他把盒子藏在了自己的床底下。on意為在上面,表示兩物體接觸She put the book on the table. 她把書放在了桌子上。考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 in front of和in the front of介詞用法示例in front of表示在某一空間外部的前面Theres a park in front of the hotel. 賓館前面有一個(gè)公園。in the front of表示在某一空間內(nèi)部的前面I always sit in the front of the classroom. 我總是坐在教室的前部?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)表示地點(diǎn)

16、的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 其他表示地點(diǎn)的介詞介詞用法示例near在附近;靠近They live near London. 他們住在倫敦附近。beside在旁邊/近旁She came up and sat beside me. 她走過(guò)來(lái),坐在我身邊。by在旁邊;靠近Jane stood by the window. 簡(jiǎn)站在窗邊。next to緊挨著;在近旁We sat next to each other.我們緊挨著坐在一起。behind在后面Stay close behind me. 緊跟在我后面。opposite在對(duì)面The store is opposite the ba

17、nk. 商店在銀行對(duì)面。against緊靠;倚著Put the piano there, against the wall. 把鋼琴放在那兒,緊靠著墻?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 表示方式的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 with, by, in, on和through介詞用法示例with表示用具體的工具、身體的某部位或器官Cut it with a knife. 用刀把它切開(kāi)。by 表示用某種方式或手段,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞He replied by email. 他用電子郵件回復(fù)了。與表示交通工具的名詞連用They travelled to Beijing by train. 他們乘火車去北京

18、?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 表示方式的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7介詞用法示例in 表示用某種材料、語(yǔ)言、聲音等We communicated in French. 我們用法語(yǔ)交流。與表示交通工具的名詞連用,名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞等He took us for a drive in his new car. 他開(kāi)著他的新車載我們?nèi)ザ碉L(fēng)。on 表示使用機(jī)器、設(shè)備或某種樂(lè)器We spoke on the phone. 我們通過(guò)電話談了談。與表示交通工具的名詞連用,名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞等I came on my bike. 我騎自行車來(lái)的。through 表示通過(guò)具體過(guò)程、方法、中介It was

19、 through him that I got the job. 我全靠他的助才找到這份工作?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 表示動(dòng)態(tài)的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 across, through, past, over, into, out of, towards, to和for介詞用法示例across意為(從表面)橫過(guò),穿過(guò)They ran straight across the road. 他們徑直跑過(guò)了馬路。through意為(從內(nèi)部)穿過(guò)The bird came in through the window. 那只鳥(niǎo)從窗戶飛了進(jìn)來(lái)。past意為(從旁邊)經(jīng)過(guò)He hurried past t

20、hem without stopping. 他匆匆走過(guò)他們身邊,連停都沒(méi)停。over意為(從上空)越過(guò)The cat jumped over the wall. 貓?zhí)^(guò)了墻?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 表示動(dòng)態(tài)的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7介詞用法示例into意為(從外部)進(jìn)入Since it started raining, the boys ran into the house. 外面下起雨來(lái),男孩們跑進(jìn)了屋子。out of意為(從里面)出來(lái)I dont think I have the courage to jump out of a plane. 我想我沒(méi)有勇氣從飛機(jī)里往外跳。toward

21、s意為向,朝,對(duì)著,僅表方向,不一定到達(dá)She went towards the bookstore. 她去書店了。(不一定到達(dá))to意為向,朝,往,對(duì)著(某方向或某處),表到達(dá)She came to my office at noon. 她在中午來(lái)到我的辦公室。(到達(dá))for意為往,向,僅表方向,不一定到達(dá)She went for the bookstore. 她去書店了。(不一定到達(dá))考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)表示范圍的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 between, among, except, but和outside介詞用法示例between 意為在(兩者)之間I sat down betw

22、een Mary and Lily. 我在瑪麗和莉莉中間坐下。表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每?jī)烧咧gYou shouldnt eat between meals. 正餐之間不應(yīng)該進(jìn)食。 among意為在(三者或三者以上)之間I found the letter among his papers. 我在他的文件中找到了這封信。考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)表示范圍的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7介詞用法示例except意為除之外(沒(méi)有),指從整體中排除except后的人或事物The office is open every day except Sundays. 辦公室除了星期天之外天天開(kāi)門。but

23、意為除之外(沒(méi)有),常用在nothing,all,any,anyone,everything或everyone等詞后There is no one here but me. 這里除了我沒(méi)有別人。outside意為超出界限;在(某范圍)之外We camped a few miles outside the town. 我們?cè)诔峭鈳子⒗锏牡胤铰稜I(yíng)?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)其他?？嫉慕樵~考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7介詞用法示例as 意為像;如同They were all dressed like little tigers. 他們都打扮得像小老虎。意為作為;身為As students, we should

24、 work hard. 作為學(xué)生,我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。意為當(dāng)作He treats me as a friend. 他把我當(dāng)作朋友。like 意為像;相似;類似Her hair is dark brown like mine. 她的頭發(fā)是深褐色的,和我的一樣。意為例如;譬如;像Things like glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled. 玻璃、紙張、塑料之類的東西都可以回收利用。意為怎么樣What are Lilys parents like? 莉莉的父母是怎樣的人?考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)其他?？嫉慕樵~考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7介詞用法示例of

25、 意為屬于(某人/某物);關(guān)于(某人/某物)a friend of mine我的一個(gè)朋友a(bǔ) map of China 一幅中國(guó)地圖意為的,表示某物的特征和品質(zhì)the length of the swimming pool 游泳池的長(zhǎng)度用于說(shuō)明某人來(lái)自哪里the people of China 中國(guó)人民off 意為不工作;不上學(xué);休息He has had ten days off school.他有十天沒(méi)上學(xué)了。意為從去掉She has taken the mirror off the wall. 她已經(jīng)把鏡子從墻上取下來(lái)了。than意為比,用于兩個(gè)事物的比較,引出第二個(gè)事物I am older

26、 than her. 我比她年齡大?？键c(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)其他常考的介詞考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7介詞用法示例with 意為和一起She lives with her parents. 她和父母住在一起。意為具有;帶有a book with a green cover一本綠色封面的書without 意為缺乏;沒(méi)有a life without a goal 沒(méi)有目標(biāo)的生活意為無(wú);沒(méi)有(人相伴或給予助)I dont know what to do without you. 沒(méi)有你我不知道該怎么辦。意為不(做某事),常用作without doing sth.He left without saying

27、 goodbye. 他不辭而別。考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 介詞與名詞的搭配at+名詞at birth出生時(shí); at the moment此刻,當(dāng)時(shí); at hand在手邊,在附近; at present目前in+名詞in English用英語(yǔ); in the countryside在鄉(xiāng)下; in the end最后; in fact實(shí)際上; in half分成兩半; in ones opinion依看; in silence沉默地; in a row連續(xù)地; in person親自; in public公開(kāi)地; in total總共; in danger在

28、危險(xiǎn)中; in the way擋道; in time及時(shí); in trouble處于困難中on+名詞on (a) vacation度假; on the weekend(在)周末; on weekends(在)周末; on foot步行; on time按時(shí); on duty值班; on business出差其他介詞+名詞by accident偶然; for example例如; to ones surprise讓某人驚奇的是; as a result結(jié)果考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 介詞與形容詞的搭配be+形容詞形容詞+aboutbe careful abou

29、t 當(dāng)心 be crazy about 熱衷于be sure/certain about 對(duì)有把握 be worried about 對(duì)擔(dān)憂 be+形容詞形容詞+atbe surprised at 對(duì)感到驚訝 be good at 擅長(zhǎng)be mad at 對(duì)感到生氣be+形容詞形容詞+forbe famous for 因著名be ready for 為做準(zhǔn)備be thirsty for渴望考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7be+形容詞形容詞+inbe interested in 對(duì)感興趣be+形容詞形容詞+ofbe afraid of 害怕 be full of充滿

30、 be tired of 對(duì)感到厭倦be proud of 為驕傲be short of 缺少be+形容詞形容詞+withbe angry with 對(duì)生氣be busy with忙于be strict with 對(duì)要求嚴(yán)格 be patient with 對(duì)有耐心be popular with 受歡迎 be pleased with 對(duì)感到滿意 考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配 1.動(dòng)詞+介詞dream of夢(mèng)想laugh at嘲笑 think about考慮 depend on依靠 get to到達(dá) listen to聽(tīng) be against

31、反對(duì) count on指望 be for 支持 wait for等待 arrive in/at到達(dá) agree with贊成 2.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞catch up with趕上 come up with提出 get along with與相處融洽 look forward to期望 date back to追溯到 live up to不辜負(fù) look down upon看不起 run out of 用完3.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞make fun of取笑 pay attention to注意 take care of照顧 take the place of取代 take pride in為感到自豪 make use of利用4.動(dòng)詞+介詞+名詞go to school去上學(xué) go to bed去睡覺(jué) keep in mind記住 keep under control控制考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn) 常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)5考點(diǎn)6考點(diǎn)7 其他含介詞的搭配instead of代替at first首先along with連同thanks to多虧as for至于at least至少because of由于at last最終at once立刻in common共同in all總共such as例如across from在對(duì)面ahead of在前面according to根據(jù)