備戰(zhàn)高考英語 考點(diǎn)一遍過 專題33 it的用法含解析

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1、 考點(diǎn)33 it的用法 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一 it作人稱代詞 1.用來指代前文中提到的東西。既可指代具體的東西，也可指代一種情況。請(qǐng)看下面的例子 1）I hear you bought a new bike, can you show it to me？ 2）If I can stop her coming to you, I shall do it. 3）—I want to stay here for a night. —Your wife won’t like it 此時(shí)要注意與其他代詞如that, one, those, this, ano

2、ther等的區(qū)別： 1.I hear you bought a new bike, I want to buy _______ , too.此處應(yīng)填one，因?yàn)檫@里我并不是要買你的車，而是一輛新車，one ＝a new bike。 2.I have bought a new bike, but I still want to buy _______ .此處應(yīng)填another。我已有了一輛，再買另一輛。another ＝another new bike。 3.We see him when we come to town, but _______ isn’t often.此處填tha

3、t或it均可。指代前面我們?nèi)コ抢飼r(shí)可以看到他這一情況。 4.My seat is next to _______ of the headmaster.此處應(yīng)填that，用來代替名詞seat， that＝the seat。 5.The bikes made this year are better than _______ made last years.此處應(yīng)填those或the ones。代替前文的bikes，因其是復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用those或the ones，those ／the ones＝the bikes。 2.也可以指動(dòng)物 Is this your dog？No, it

4、 isn’t. 3用來指代人。 說明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代嬰兒或兒童；在不清楚某人性別時(shí)，也可使用it，尤其在問答的形式中更為常見。例如： —Who is it? —It’s me. Who is it there? It’s I (me/you/he....). I thought it was Mary, but it was not she. Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 1.—Who’s that at the door? —__________ is the milkman. A. He

5、 B. It C. This D. That 〖答案〗B 〖解析〗考查代詞的用法。句意：——誰在門外？——是送牛奶的。因?yàn)椴恢篱T外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故選B。 2.If I can help_______, I don’t like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 〖答案〗C 考向二 非人稱代詞it it有時(shí)并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、日期、距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的it： 1.指天氣： It is a lovely day

6、, isn’t it? It is a bit windy. 2.指時(shí)間: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 3.指環(huán)境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4.指距離：It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre. 5指日期： What’s the date today? It’s the eleventh, October. 6指季節(jié)：It is summer now. 7指度量：It is about 20 pound/kg 8.指價(jià)值：

7、--- What’s the cost of the dictionary? ---It is sixty-three. 9指溫度It’s 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot. —He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was _____? —_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It

8、 C. it; This D. that; It 〖答案〗D 〖解析〗句意： ＂他的第一本書出版了, 并且成了一本暢銷書。＂ ＂那是什么時(shí)候？＂ ＂那是在2000年他還在上大學(xué)的時(shí)候。＂指代上文中提到的事情用that; it可以指時(shí)間、天氣、距離等概念。 考向二 作形式主語，替代不定式、ing形式或主語從句 （一） 作形式主語替代主語從句 1.①It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that ...該句型中it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為＂清楚（顯然，真的，肯定……）＂　是主

9、語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. ② It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that ... 該句型和上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型；由于主句中的形容詞不同，that 后的從句中要用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省去，建議記住該句型中的形容詞。 It is important that

10、 we (should) learn English well. 　　 It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 2.① It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that ... 該句型中的it 仍是形式主語，真正主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為＂據(jù)說（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉……）＂。 　　 It is said that he has come to Beijing. 　　 It is reported th

11、at another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 該句型?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句或者含有不定式作主補(bǔ)的簡單句。例如： It’s said that Tom has come back from abroad.→People say that Tom has come back from abroad.→He is said to have come back from abroad. ① It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded... ) that ...

12、 該句型和上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型，主句中的過去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，that　后的從句要用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省；常譯為＂據(jù)建議；有命令…….） 　 It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 　 It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 3.It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that

13、 ... 該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去.表示出乎意料，常譯為＂竟然＂。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語氣。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！ 　 It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！ 4. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that... 該句型中it是形式主語，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，主句中的happen ， se

14、em等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧…… It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.看來他非常喜歡流行歌曲。 該句型可轉(zhuǎn)換成含不定式的簡單句。如上述兩句可分別轉(zhuǎn)換為： He happened to meet his teacher in the street. He seems to enjoy pop songs very much. 5.it代替連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句作形式主語 （1）It is k

15、nown（not decided，not made clear，found out，discussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain等）＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。 It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet. 我們將什么時(shí)候舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還是一個(gè)問題。 It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not. 他能否來開會(huì)還不能確定。 （2）It doesn’

16、t matter（It’s no wonder；It doesn’t make too much difference等）＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。 It doesn’t matter whether we go together or separately.我們一起去還是分開去都可以。 It is no wonder why he came here too late.他為什么來這么晚不足為怪 (二)作形式主語替代不定式。常見的句型有：　　 1. ①. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由

17、 of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。 常見的有： bad, brave , careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good （好心的）, honest , horrible, kind , lazy, modest, naughty, nice（有教養(yǎng)的）, polite， rude, silly, stupid , wise, wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）等。 這個(gè)句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth. ?！? It is kind of you to say so. = You are k

18、ind to say so. ②It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 該句型與上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。 常見的形容詞有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy， safe， common， normal， hard， difficult， dangerous， unusual， rare， impossible， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫， 如： It is importa

19、nt for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. 2.It takes sb. ... to do sth. 該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時(shí)間，常譯為＂做……要花費(fèi)某人……＂。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. (三) 作形式主語替代ing形式 It is no good / no use/useless doing sth.

20、 該句型中的真正主語是動(dòng)名詞短語。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock. 考向四 作形式賓語，代替不定式、ing形式、賓語從句。 1.We think it important to learn a foreign language. 該句型中的it 作形式賓語，為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為＂6123結(jié)構(gòu)＂。 6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的

21、是形式賓語it；2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動(dòng)名詞短語或that等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. 　 They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. The professor thinks it no good reading without understanding. The Internet makes it easier for co

22、mpanies to keep in touch with customers. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 〖答案〗C 〖解析〗這是一個(gè)賓語從句，make的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的句子，在本句中用it做形式賓語代指that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。句意為：Susan向我表明她希望能過上新的生活。故答案選C。 2. As the busiest woman in

23、Norton, she made_________ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. A. this B. that C.one D.it 〖答案〗D 2. 在like, dislike, hate, love, take, appreciate, depend on, see to(處理)，insist on，help等動(dòng)詞后，形式賓語it后可直接跟賓語從句。此時(shí)，it表模糊概念，指代后面所敘述的內(nèi)容。 You may depend on it tha

24、t I shall always support you. I hate it when people laugh at the disabled. I will appreciate it if you can help me with my English. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one

25、C. those D. it 〖答案〗D 〖解析〗句意：當(dāng)你正在看一個(gè)你喜歡的節(jié)目時(shí)，突然有個(gè)人進(jìn)來，一聲不吭地關(guān)掉電視，你會(huì)怎么想？It作形式賓語，指代If后面的句子。該句涉及到了一個(gè)疑問句，一個(gè)條件狀語從句（if）和兩個(gè)并列句(and)。這當(dāng)時(shí)應(yīng)該先把它轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句you would like______分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)知道like之后缺少一個(gè)賓語，需要一個(gè)賓格代詞充當(dāng)，所以答案選it。 考向五it的重要句型 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句 ① It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who ... 該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語，

26、賓語，表語或狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人，that可以由who換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無缺的句子；這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met h

27、er in the street. It is you that /who are wrong. I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that) What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that) ② It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that ... 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語，譯成漢語＂直到……才……＂，可以說是 not ... until ... 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I

28、 realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的兩種變形形式： 一般疑問句形式：Is/Wasit…that…? 特殊疑問句形式：Who/Whom/When/When等+is/wasitthat…? 1)Wasitin1

29、979______theAmericanastronautsucceeded______landingonthemoon? A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in(Key:D) 2）Was______thatIsawlastnightattheconcert? A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself(Key:A) 3）Whowasitthatyoumetinthestreetyesterday?昨天你在街上遇到的是誰？ WherewasitthatyoumetJackyesterday?你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？

30、 I don’t mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to. A. it B. that C. this D. which 〖答案〗A 2.It ＋be的適當(dāng)形式＋時(shí)間＋ when-clause 這個(gè)句型中，it指時(shí)間，而且表示時(shí)間的詞語前沒有介詞（時(shí)間一般為具體時(shí)間）。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。常譯為＂當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，是……＂例如： It was already 8o’clo

31、ck when we got home. It will be midnight when they get there. Itwasfiveo’clockintheafternoon_____theyclimbeduptothetopofthemountain. Itwasatfiveo’clockintheafternoon_____theyclimbeduptothetopofthemountain. A. sinceB. whenC. thatD. until 3.It ＋is/has been＋一段時(shí)間＋ since-clause 這個(gè)句型表示從since從句謂語動(dòng)

32、作發(fā)生以后到現(xiàn)在或過去所經(jīng)過的一段時(shí)間，意為＂自從……以來已多久了＂since 從句后用一般過去時(shí)，例如： It is／has been three years since his father passed away.他父親去逝已經(jīng)有三年了。 It is/has been fifteen years since she left Shanghai.她離開上海已經(jīng)15年了 4. ①It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，常用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬. It is time that child

33、ren went to bed. It is time you bought a new car. It is (high ) time you made up your mind. ②It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 該句型要和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開來，該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)，。至于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過去時(shí)，后面從句則用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去；it有時(shí)用 this替換.常譯為＂是第一（二）……次……＂。

34、It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit to Africa. 5.It ＋be的適當(dāng)形式＋一段時(shí)間＋before-clause 這個(gè)句型中的時(shí)間一般為表示一段時(shí)間的詞語（如：long，years，months，weeks，days ， hours，minutes），主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為＂過多長時(shí)間才……＂。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為＂沒過多長

35、時(shí)間就……＂。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過去時(shí)was或?qū)頃r(shí) will be；用was時(shí)，before從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；用will be時(shí)，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： It was not long before she learned those poems by heart .她沒過多久就背會(huì)了那些詩歌。 It was long before the police arrived.過了很久警察才來。 It will be hours before he makes a decision.要過好幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才會(huì)作出決定。 It will not be hours before

36、 we meet again.要不了幾個(gè)小時(shí)我們還會(huì)再見面的。 6. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 該句型中it無意義， as if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句。常譯為＂看起來好象……＂如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）　 It looks as if he were ill. （沒有生?。? It seemed as if he were dying. 題組一 能力過關(guān) 1.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cit

37、ies thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase . A. them B. those C. it D. that We feel our duty to make our country a better place. A. it B. this C. that D. one 3.The two girls

38、 are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that 4.Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on? A. that B.it C. his D. him 5.—Whos that at the door? —____

39、____ is the milkman. A. He B. It C. This D. That 6. Mikes mother kept telling him that he should work hard, but ________didnt help. A. he B. it C. she D. which 7. Since you have repaired my computer ,__________is no need for me to buy a new one. A. it B. there

40、 C. this D. that 8. The official made________ clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem. A. it B. this C. that D. him 9. —Do you like _____________here? 　—Oh, yes, the air, the weather and the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. there C

41、. that D. it 10. Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising in TV is illegal,___________? 　A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he 題組二 體驗(yàn)真題 1.（2014陜西）I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. A. it B. you

42、 C. one D. this 2.（2014浙江）An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A. each B. it C. this D. one 題組一 能力過關(guān) 1.C 〖解析〗句意為＂由于當(dāng)?shù)卣呐Γ蟪鞘欣锏木蜆I(yè)率持續(xù)升高。＂it代指前面交代過的＂the employment rate＂，是單數(shù)，而th

43、em和those是復(fù)數(shù)。因此選C。 4.B 〖解析〗句意為＂為什么你不讓他注意到你病得太嚴(yán)重了以至于不能工作下去？＂it作形式賓語，指代句子后面that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。因此選B。 5.B　〖解析〗考查代詞的用法。句意：＂誰在門外？＂＂是送牛奶的。＂因?yàn)椴恢篱T外是什么人，故用it指代不清楚的人。故選B。 6.B 〖解析〗此處it用以指代前面的句子，可用that替換。 7.B 〖解析〗考查固定句型 There is no need for sb to do sth。 8.A 〖解析〗此處 it用作形式賓語。 9.D 〖解析〗此處 it泛指自然環(huán)境。 10. A 〖解析〗主語為 ＂ Bills aim＂。所以反義疑問句的主語用it，故選A。 題組二 體驗(yàn)真題 6EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F375