人教版高考英語總復(fù)習練習專題2 非謂語動詞

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1、第二講　非謂語動詞 　考查非謂語動詞的句法功能 　　　　　　　　了解句法功能 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運用 1．(2019·浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ____________ (cook) a meal. to cook　解析：此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式作目的狀語，故填to cook。 2．(2019·北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remember

2、s the happy time ____________ (spend) with his students. spent　解析：time和spend之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。 3．(2019·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ____________ (catch)． to catch　解析：此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式作后置定語。 4．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, __________

3、__ (use) twigs(樹枝) to remove it. using　解析：主語people與use之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。 5．(2019·浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very ____________ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed. frightening　解析：此處修飾名詞experience，根據(jù)句意此處指“令人可怕的經(jīng)歷”，所以experience名詞前面用動詞的-ing形式作定語。 6．(2019·北京卷)_____

4、_______(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. Ordered　解析：句意：這些書一個多星期前就被下訂單了，現(xiàn)在預(yù)計隨時會到。order與邏輯主語the books之間為被動關(guān)系，且動作已經(jīng)完成，故答案為Ordered。 通關(guān)點擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．非謂語動詞作狀語 (1)非謂語動詞作目的狀語，要想到用不定式； (2019·北京卷)To make it easier to

5、 get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 為了更容易與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，你最好隨身帶著這張卡片。 (2)非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞； The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 學生們又說又笑地沖出教室。 (3)非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果要想到用不定式，表示必然的結(jié)果要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞； He hurried to the station only to find that the train had

6、left.　他匆匆趕到車站結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)離開了。(表出乎意料的結(jié)果) (陜西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.　中國又建了更多高速公路，這使人們從一處到另一處的出行變得更容易了。(表結(jié)果) (4)非謂語動詞作原因狀語，表示“喜怒哀樂”的形容詞要想到用不定式；非謂語動詞作時間狀語、條件狀語和原因狀語等要想到用分詞。 I am only too glad to see everything settle

7、d. 看到一切問題都解決了，我很高興。 Being tired, he went to bed early. 因為很累，他很早就睡了。 Seeing the police, the thieves ran away. 看到警察，小偷就跑了。 源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的部分過去分詞作狀語，表示句子主語所處的一種狀態(tài)，常見的有：seated(坐著的)，devoted(專注的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)等?！? Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.　他專注讀書，沒注意

8、到我進入房間。 2．非謂語動詞作定語 非謂語動詞類別 用法 動詞不定式 表示將要發(fā)生的動作 動名詞 表示用途 分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 表示動作主動進行或者正在進行中 過去分詞 表示動作被動完成或者單純表示已經(jīng)完成 We are preparing for the mid-term examination to be held next week. 我們正在為下周將要舉行的期中考試做準備。 The lecture, starting(＝which was starting)at 7：00 p．m. last night, was followed by an observa

9、tion of the moon with telescopes. 講座于昨晚七點開始，隨后是用望遠鏡觀察月球。 TsinghuaUniversity, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清華大學建立于1911年，是許多杰出人物的搖籃。 3．非謂語動詞作補足語 (1)常接不定式作賓補的動詞或動詞短語有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, persuade, pr

10、efer, require, teach, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on(號召；要求), depend on等； (山東卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我們期望人們放棄開車的習慣，我們必須給他們可以依賴的選擇。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。 (2)使役動詞hav

11、e, let, make等后面可接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語； I like the film because it can make me laugh. 我喜歡這部電影，因為它能讓我笑。 (3)感官動詞(短語)see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，后面可接省去to的不定式和動詞-ing形式作其賓語補足語，動詞不定式表示動作的全過程，動詞-ing形式表示動作正在進行； (湖南卷)Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命

12、嗎？ (4)have, keep, leave, find, catch, send等動詞后可接動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語； She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes. 她讓我等了二十多分鐘。 (5)過去分詞作賓語補足語 want, like, wish, order, have, make, get, keep, leave, see, hear, find, feel, notice, observe, watch等動詞后還可接過去分詞作賓語補足語。 (福建卷)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest

13、 a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 珍妮希望史密斯先生會建議一個好的方法以使她的英語寫作在短期內(nèi)得到提升。 　　　　　　　　知曉固定結(jié)構(gòu) 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運用 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____________ (prove) that she h

14、as brains as well as beauty. to prove　解析：want to do sth.“想要做某事”，是固定用法。 2．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ____________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. introducing　解析：include為及物動詞，后面應(yīng)

15、用動名詞形式作賓語。 3．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely____________(bring) your work home. to bring　解析：be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。 4．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ____________(cool)th

16、e house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. to cool　解析：be＋adj.＋enough to do sth.“足夠……來做某事”。 5．(2019·陜西西安二模)____________(judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China. Judging　解析：句意：從他的口音判斷，他來自中國南方。judging from意為“從……判斷”，為獨立成分，作狀語時不用考慮它和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。 6．(201

17、9·全國卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.____________________ wear→wearing　解析：by是介詞，后接動名詞短語作賓語。 通關(guān)點擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．若非謂語動詞作下列動詞或動詞短語的賓語，則只能用動名詞： suggest, risk, imagine, mind, admit, enjoy, include, practice, allow, avoid, advis

18、e, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to, devote one’s time to等。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.　我回避提及這個話題，以免冒犯他。 2．若非謂語動詞作下列動詞或動詞短語的賓語，則只能用不定式： decide, refuse, promise, pretend, hesitate, manage, plan, fail, choose, would like

19、等。 (2019·湖南益陽箴言中學模擬)Nervous and anxious, Jill failed to make a good impression at the job interview. 又緊張又焦慮，吉爾沒有在面試中給人留下好印象。 (1)有些動詞或動詞短語既可接不定式作賓語，也可接動名詞作賓語，但表示的含義不同。 mean forget regret try go on remember can’t help (2)若動名詞或不定式作賓語，且有賓語補足語，則常用it作形式賓語。 I regret to tell you that I can’t a

20、ccept your invitation. 我很遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的邀請。 I still remember being taken to the Great Wall and what I saw there. 我仍記得別人帶我去過長城，并記得在那里我所看到的一切。 I feel it impossible for the work to be finished today. 我認為今天不可能完成這項工作。 3．with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中補足語的比較： with With so many people looking at him, he felt very nervous.

21、 那么多人看著他，他感到很緊張。 With the problem solved, the quality has been improved. 問題解決了，質(zhì)量也提高了。 4．有些非謂語動詞形式的固定結(jié)構(gòu)： considering that鑒于，考慮到 judging by/from 從……來看 supposing/providing/provided/assuming that... 假定，假設(shè) compared with/to 與……相比 Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, compared with his

22、old one. 與邁克的舊房子比起來，他的新房子像個大宮殿。 　　　　　　　　看清邏輯主語 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運用 1．(2019·浙江卷)To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ____________ (conduct) in Australia in 2019. conducted　解析：這里用過去分詞表示被動和完成，充當定語修飾前面的名詞a study。

23、2．(2019·陜西卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ____________(take) good care of at home. taken　解析：mother與take good care of之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，構(gòu)成see sb. done“看到某人被……”。表客觀事實而非正在進行的動作，故不可用being taken形式。 3．(四川卷)The airport____________(complete) next y

24、ear will help promote tourism in this area. to be completed　解析：句意：將于明年建成的機場會有助于促進這個地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)發(fā)展。由時間狀語next year可知，complete發(fā)生在將來，所以用不定式作定語。此外，complete與其邏輯主語airport之間為動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用不定式的被動形式。 4．(2019·四川成都七中診斷)To his surprise, Jack found his son ____________(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. dressed　解析：句意

25、：使杰克驚訝的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)兒子在圣誕節(jié)前夜被裝扮成了圣誕老人。此處為“find＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，用過去分詞作賓語補足語。dress意為“給(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb.be/get dressed結(jié)構(gòu)。 5．Film has a much shorter history, especially when ____________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. compared　解析：句意：電影的歷史要短得多，尤其是當它和像音樂與繪畫這樣的藝術(shù)形式相比時。所給動詞compare與其邏輯主語film之

26、間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，相當于when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting。 通關(guān)點擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．若非謂語動詞作狀語，則其邏輯主語是句子的主語。若句子的主語是分詞動作的發(fā)出者，即主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；若句子的主語是分詞動作的承受者，即動賓關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。 (2019·北京卷)The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in

27、the sunshine. 公園里有許多人，享受著日光浴。 Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe.　從太空看，地球像一個巨大的被水覆蓋的球體。 2．若非謂語動詞作賓語補足語，則其邏輯主語是句子的賓語。若賓語是分詞動作的發(fā)出者，即主謂關(guān)系，且強調(diào)進行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；若賓語是分詞動作的承受者，即動賓關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。 I saw him climbing the fence just now. 我剛才看見他在爬這個柵欄。 A villager saw the little girl tak

28、en away by a middle-aged lady. 一位村民看見這個小女孩被一位中年婦女帶走了。 3．若非謂語動詞作定語，與其邏輯主語為主動關(guān)系時用現(xiàn)在分詞，為被動關(guān)系時用過去分詞。 “Things lost never come again！”I couldn’t help talking to myself. 我不禁自言自語：“覆水難收??！” (北京卷)Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨晩，有上百萬的人觀看開幕式的電視直播。 　考查

29、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 　　　　　　　　記牢時態(tài)語態(tài) 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運用 1．(2019·浙江卷6月)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ____________(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot’s leafy top acci

30、dentally sprouted(生長) through it. swept　解析：此處the ring與sweep之間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，構(gòu)成get done結(jié)構(gòu)。 2．(重慶卷)____________ (ask) to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film. Having been asked　解析：句意：那天晚上我被要求加班，錯過了一場精彩的電影。所給動詞ask與其邏輯主語I之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且ask表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞missed的動作之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式在句中作原因狀語。 3．

31、(2019·天津卷)____________(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. Having worked　解析：由for two days可知分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，且與句子主語為主動關(guān)系，所以用having done形式。 4．(2019·湖北武昌區(qū)高三調(diào)考)If there is no aim in our lives, we will get lose.____________________ lose→lost　解析：get這里起一個系動詞的作用，相當于become，后接過

32、去分詞，表狀態(tài)，get lost意為“失蹤的，迷路的”。 通關(guān)點擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 非謂語動詞形式 意義 過去分詞 表示被動完成 不定式的被動式 表示被動但尚未發(fā)生 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式 表示被動進行 動名詞的被動式 表示被動 非謂語動詞的完成式 非謂語動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前 (四川卷)Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. 由于在這部新電影中

33、擔任了重要角色，所以安迪有了出名的機會。(表原因) We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我們被邀請參加下星期五在我們俱樂部舉辦的晚會。 Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it. 被告知了多次，他仍舊不明白。 ,[學生用書P18]　 　　) 單句語法填空 1．(2019·湖北武昌區(qū)高三調(diào)考)The Yangtze River，________(know) in China as the Chang Jiang i

34、s the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. known　解析：主語the Yangtze River和know之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語，表被動。 2．(2019·浙江寧波九校聯(lián)考)I like staying up late ____________ (watch) TV, surfing the Internet or doing something I’m fond of. watching　解析：邏輯主語I與watch之間為

35、主動關(guān)系，表示伴隨狀態(tài)，故填現(xiàn)在分詞watching。 3．(2019·玉溪一中第二次月考)You lose weight for a while, only ____________ (gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program. to gain　解析：“only＋不定式”表示意想不到的結(jié)果。 4．(2019·太原一模)The unhappy mouse died soon in the water, and his dead body floated around on the surface, ____

36、________ (fasten) to the foot of the frog. fastened　解析：考查非謂語動詞。fasten和句子謂語floated之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動詞，且和其主語his dead body構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。 5．(2019·湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考)No one can ignore the rich culture ____________ (date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been

37、witnessed. dating　解析：考查非謂語動詞。date和句子謂語動詞ignore之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動詞形式，且詞組date back to沒有被動形式，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。 6．(2019·洛陽第一次統(tǒng)考)The 15-year-old from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the U．S. and China with his ability ____________ (sing) pitch-perfect Mandarin (普通話) and perform the ancient Chinese art form

38、. to sing　解析：考查非謂語動詞。ability to do sth.意為“做某事的能力”，為固定詞組搭配，故用不定式作后置定語。 7．(2019·湖南六校聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考)Of course, ____________(enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness. enjoying　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處

39、為動名詞短語在句中作主語。 8．(2019·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ____________ (allow) more patients to be treated. allowing　解析：逗號前面為完整的句子，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式；The hospital與allow之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 9．(2019·廣東七校聯(lián)合體第二次聯(lián)考)We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went

40、 to the counter ____________ (order) dishes and I stood with my parents. to order　解析：考查動詞不定式。句意：我的丈夫去柜臺訂餐，我和我的父母在一起站著?？仗幈硎救ス衽_的目的，故用動詞不定式。 10．(2019·合肥第一次檢測)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, ____________ (make) it easier for people to learn and master. m

41、aking　解析：考查非謂語動詞。動詞make與其邏輯主語是主謂關(guān)系且與上文之間無連詞，故用現(xiàn)在分詞making在此處作狀語。 11．(2019·重慶西北狼教育聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone. The battery was dead and I was alone without any way ____________ (contact) my family. to contact　解析：考查不定式。設(shè)空句意：我手機電池沒有電了，我獨自一人，沒有辦法和

42、家人聯(lián)系。根據(jù)any way和句意可知，應(yīng)用動詞不定式作any way的后置定語。 12．(2019·貴州適應(yīng)性考試)When you meet people from different cultures，it is important ____________ (understand) what you can and cannot do. to understand　解析：考查動詞不定式。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句使用了it is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的句型，其中it作形式主語，動詞不定式作真正的主語。 單句改錯 1．(2019·廣東七校第二次聯(lián)考)I like

43、travelling and my dream of visit Beijing, the capital city of our country, came true during the National Day holidays this year.____________________ visit→visiting　解析：考查動名詞。of為介詞，后接動名詞作賓語。 2．(2019·西安六校聯(lián)考)Before heard his answer, she started to read him almost every single greeting card out loud un

44、til the elderly man smiled.____________________ heard→hearing　解析：考查動名詞。before為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，故用hear的動名詞形式hearing。 3．(2019·重慶南開中學月考)The Chinese restaurant naming New Panda Buffet provides genuine Chinese food, which many diners have given 5-star reviews.____________________ naming→named　解析：restaur

45、ant與name之間為被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故將naming改為named。 4．(2019·湖北武漢高三調(diào)考)Last Sunday was my birthday, so I invited some guys go out with me for a celebration.____________________ go前加to　解析：動詞invite后應(yīng)用不定式作其補足語，即invite sb. to do sth.。 5．(2019·重慶西北狼教育聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself

46、 to trying to make money.____________________ trying→try　解析：考查動詞不定式。此處是動詞不定式表目的，故to 后應(yīng)用動詞原形try。 6．(2019·吉林吉大附中月考)Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.____________________ Thought→Thinking　解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，Thought that hi

47、s solution might be wrong在句中作狀語，think與其邏輯主語I之間為主動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故將Thought改為Thinking。 7．(2019·南昌十校二模)68% of the students surveying have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight.____________________ surveying→surveyed　解析：非謂語動詞錯誤。本句中的謂語動詞是have，故students后應(yīng)是分詞作后置定語， survey與所修飾的students構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。

48、8．(2019·河南八市重點高中質(zhì)檢)There is a grown tendency nowadays for some people to treat animals as living meat and walking fur.____________________ grown→growing　解析：根據(jù)is可知，此處表示“正在增長的趨勢”，而不是已經(jīng)增長的趨勢，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞growing作定語。故將grown改為growing。 短文改錯 (2019·湖南衡陽第二次聯(lián)考)Good morning, everyone! What I’d like to share it w

49、ith you today is my source of strength. My grandmother died of the incurable illness last year, and I still miss her terribly. I will never see her again, never share a laugh with her and buy her a new scarf. The older I get, the more I realize that love, unconditional love, is rarely. When you lose

50、 a grandparent, you lose one of the few persons who love you. So much has happened from my grandmother’s death. Time keeps rushed forward.Sometimes I wish I can make it stop. In the chaos of these changing times, my grandmother gave me numerous sweet memory that I can hold on to. I may not always k

51、now I’m going, but I will always know where I came from. To me, that was a source of great strength. 答案： Good morning, everyone! What I’d like to share with you today is my source of strength. My grandmother died of incurable illness last year, and I still miss her terribly. I will never s

52、ee her again, never share a laugh with her buy her a new scarf. The older I get, the more I realize that love, unconditional love, is . When you lose a grandparent, you lose one of the few persons who love you. So much has happened my grandmother’s death. Time keeps forward.Sometimes I wish I

53、 make it stop. In the chaos of these changing times, my grandmother gave me numerous sweet that I can hold on to. I may not always know I’m going, but I will always know where I came from. To me, that a source of great strength. 內(nèi)容總結(jié) （1）date和句子謂語動詞ignore之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動詞形式，且詞組date back to沒有被動形式，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語