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1、 Word PowerFiction short storynovel (science fiction / romance)only a few charactersa simple plotmany charactersa complex plotpopularCategory of literatureDescriptionFictionpoetrydramahas a repeated rhythmfocuses on feelingstells a story through action and speech first written and then performed on
2、stageCategory of literature DescriptionNon-fictionnews article/news story biography autobiography in a newspaperreports factual informationdescribes the life of a persondescribes the authors own lifeCharles Dickens Dickens, Charles John Huffam (1812-1870), English novelist and one of the most popula
3、r writers in the history of literature. In his enormous body of works, Dickens combined masterly精巧的 storytelling, humor, pathos, (文學(xué)、人生等引起的)悲愴,憐憫,同情 and irony with sharp social criticism and acute observation of people and places, both real and imagined. Keats, John(1795-1821), English poet, and an
4、influential figure of the romantic movement. Keats was born in London. Keatss first published poems appeared in 1816 in the Examiner, a literary periodical edited by the essayist and poet Leigh Hunt. Keatss first book was Poems by John Keats(1817). His second volume, Endymion (1818), was attacked by
5、 two of the most influential critical magazines of the time, the Quarterly Review and Blackwoods Magazine. John KeatsWilliam Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 on April the 23rd. His father was an important man in town so Shakespeare had a good upbringing. Shakespeare probably went
6、to school but not university. Shakespeare wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets (a sonnet is a kind of poem). He began working in his home town of Stratford but by 1592 was writing in London. He became rich enough to buy a house in the capital and one in Stratford. William ShakespeareKatherine Mansfield wa
7、s born in Wellington, New Zealand, into a middle-class colonial family. At the age of nine she had her first text published. As a first step to her rebellion against her background, she withdrew to London in 1903 and studied at Queens College, where she joined the staff of the College Magazine. In 1
8、908 she studied typing and bookkeeping at Wellington Technical College. Her lifelong friend Ida Baker persuaded Mansfields father to allow Katherine to move back to England, with an allowance of 100 a year. Katherine MansfieldMatch the writers with suitable works according to part BKatherine Mansfie
9、ldWilliam ShakespeareJohn KeatsCharles Dickens Great ExpectationsMiss BrillOde to NightingaleRomeo and Juliet英語否定 examples structures conclusionsFor example typesPART 1 examples1.I do notthink so.2.I have never seen the film.3.I do not like either of the films. 4.The problems remained unsettled.1).助
10、動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞+not 2).全否定詞全否定詞+肯定謂肯定謂語部分語部分全體否定全體否定全體否定是百分之百全體否定是百分之百地否認(rèn)一個(gè)事物的存地否認(rèn)一個(gè)事物的存在、成立或真實(shí)性。在、成立或真實(shí)性。表示全體否定的否定表示全體否定的否定詞有詞有:no, not, nothing,nobody, none,nowhere, never, neither, nor, not.nearly, not.half, 以及以及not.possible 等等. structuresconclusions3).not+any/anyone/anybody/anything/anywhere/either4). 帶否定
11、詞綴的詞帶否定詞綴的詞typesPART 2 1.It is not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.=It is quite common to find her reading the newspaper.2.Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end.）把否定詞）把否定詞notnot放在帶放在帶有否定前綴的單詞前面：有否定前綴的單詞前面：這類雙重否定形式，是這類雙重否定形式，是一種委婉說法，削弱了一種委婉說法，削弱了句子
12、意義，語氣通常比句子意義，語氣通常比單純的肯定句弱。單純的肯定句弱。 2)2)用否定跟含否定意義的用否定跟含否定意義的連接連接unless, until, butunless, until, but等詞連用，構(gòu)成雙重否定，等詞連用，構(gòu)成雙重否定，用來表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定用來表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定。雙重否定雙重否定 雙重否定是指雙重否定是指兩個(gè)否定成分兩個(gè)否定成分限定同一個(gè)詞限定同一個(gè)詞或詞素；或是或詞素；或是一個(gè)否定詞否一個(gè)否定詞否定另一個(gè)否定定另一個(gè)否定詞，取得肯定詞，取得肯定意義的表達(dá)形意義的表達(dá)形式。式。否定之否否定之否定成為肯定，定成為肯定，這是合乎邏輯這是合乎邏輯的。的。examples stru
13、cturestypes conclusionsPART 3 1.Not many people heard the speech=Very few people heard the speech. 2.Not all he said was to the point. 3.I cant see everybody.1.not+many/much/very much/some/a phrase of time, distance or a noun phrase including quantities.2.not+all/both/each/everybody/everything部分否定部分
14、否定含有總括含義含有總括含義的詞的詞,用于否定用于否定句時(shí)句時(shí),只否定一只否定一部分，而不是部分，而不是完全否定完全否定.如如all, everybody everything, always, both, wholly 等詞與等詞與not連用時(shí)連用時(shí),在在漢語中譯為漢語中譯為“不全是不全是”“不總是不總是”等等.4.I dont wholly agree with you.3. .以一般否定句的形式以一般否定句的形式出現(xiàn)，即把否定主語的出現(xiàn)，即把否定主語的 notnot與謂語動(dòng)詞放在一與謂語動(dòng)詞放在一起。起。examples structurestypes conclusionsPART 4
15、 1.I wonder whether/if I shouldnt bring an umbrella.=I wonder whether/if I should bring an umbrella.2.I wouldnt be surprised if they didnt move soon.=.I wouldnt be surprised if they moved soon主句主句+ whether/if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的否定的否定陳述陳述 將否定詞和將否定詞和whether/if連用連用,來表達(dá)對于某來表達(dá)對于某種情況的疑慮種情況的疑慮, 常用常用于口語中于口語中.I wonder whet
16、her/if 一般一般用于表達(dá)個(gè)人的用于表達(dá)個(gè)人的決定決定I wouldnt be surprised if一般一般不用于表達(dá)個(gè)人不用于表達(dá)個(gè)人的決定的決定if從句從句中的中的附加附加否定否定examples structures types conclusionsPART 5 1.Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.2.The classis are far from disappearing.3.Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say4.Unless you read the novel yours
17、elf, you will never know what happens at the end.含有否定意義的詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)含有否定意義的詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu) 1.1.動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞： fail (+to do.), miss, ignore prevent/keep/ protect .from等等2.名詞名詞:absence, failure, refusal等等3.形容詞形容詞: few, little, free (from), far from等等4.副詞副詞:hardly, seldom等等5.介詞：介詞： above, beneath, below, out (of) 等等6.
18、連詞：連詞：unless, before, or 等等7.7.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): : tooto 太太(以致于以致于)不不 ratherthan “寧愿寧愿而不而不”等等隱性否定隱性否定隱性否定是隱性否定是一種一種有意無有意無形形的含蓄否的含蓄否定定,常用含常用含否定詞的單否定詞的單詞詞,詞組詞組,句句型等來表示型等來表示否定意義否定意義.這種否定意這種否定意義用法隱藏義用法隱藏在句子的深在句子的深層含義中層含義中.5.The fortune sets him free from financial worries.6.Joe would rather die than see any harm co
19、meto pip.examples structurestypesconclusionsExercises:1._ our monitor comes, we wont be able to go the park. A. Without B. Unless C. ExceptD. Even2. -Which would you like, coffee or tea? -_. I prefer wine. A. Both B. Either C. NoneD. Neither3. Hardly _ when it began to rain hard. A. had he arrivedB.
20、 arrived he C. he had arrivedD. did he arrive4. We could see _ but waves across the ocean. A. anything B. something C. everythingD. nothing5. _ that they had made an important discovery in science. A. Little they realized B. They had realized little C. Little did they realize D. Little had they real
21、ized6. _ have they seen a better football match like this. A. Everywhere B. Nowhere else C. Everywhere elseD. No where7. Not a single word _ at the beginning of the meeting yesterday. A. did the shy girl say B. has the shy girl said C. the shy girl said D. the shy girl has said8. No sooner _ than it
22、 began to snow heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun9. _ their homework, the children had to go on with it. A. Having not finished C. Not finished B. Not having finished D. Not to finish10. I dont suppose it will take long, _? A. will itB. wont
23、it C. do ID. dont I11. He spent five hours repairing the bike. The work was _ simple. A. nothing butB. anything but C. something but D. all but12. You _ be too careful when crossing the street. A. can B. cannot C. must D. mustnt13. These workers _ working until 12 oclock last night. A. had stoppedB.
24、 not stopped C. didnt stop D. had never stopped14. If you dont go out for walk, _. A. neither do IB. neither will I C. neither I doD. neither I will15. -How much salt did you put in the soup? - Im sorry to say, _. I forgot. A. not muchB. nothing C. noneD. no 1. If Joes wife wont go to the party, _.
25、A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will 2. I. Multiple choice more()than的結(jié)構(gòu)后接can/could。從翻譯角度講，more()than可理解為not，表示否定，整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為“是所不能” 3. His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV, but . A. a little did he hear B. little did he hear C. littl
26、e heard he D. a little heard he 4. During the war, but also he lost his wife and his child. A. not was his job in the lab taken away B. not only was his job in the lab taken away C. not merely his job in the lab was taken away D. not just was taken away his job in the lab 5. I think this is the firs
27、t time that we have met. anywhere. A. Before have we never seen each other B. Never before we have seen each other C. Each other have we seen never before D. Never before have we seen each other 6. The old man wouldnt stay at home for a rest even if it rained. . He would feel sick if he stayed home
28、for one day. A. So would my grandpa B. So wouldnt my grandpa C. Neither would my grandpa D. Nor wouldnt my grandpa 7. By no means to our plan for the trip. A. will she agree B. she will agree C. agrees she D. will agree she 8. They went into a small house but _. A. no persons did they find B. not a
29、person found they C. not a person did they find D. not a person they found1. serve (P8)verb T in a shop, restaurant or hotel, to deal with a customer by taking their order, showing or selling them goods etc: 服務(wù)服務(wù),接待接待Are you being served, madam?Thats the restaurant where they refused to serve Giles
30、because he was so rude.to provide food or drinks: 提供食物提供食物,飲料等飲料等Do they serve meals in the bar?All recipes in this book, unless otherwise stated, will serve (= be enough for) 4 to 5 people.verb T to provide with something that is needed: 提提供所需之物供所需之物L(fēng)ondons hospitals, so says the report, are out of
31、 touch with the communities that they serve.to work for; to do your duty to: 服務(wù)服務(wù),工作工作,服服役役He served in the army in India for twenty years.She has served on the committee for the last fifteen years.He served under Harold Wilson as Transport Minister. service noun U the act of dealing with a customer
32、 in a shop, restaurant or hotel by taking their order, showing or selling them goods, etc: 服務(wù)服務(wù),接待接待 The only trouble with this caf is that the service is so slow. C a system or organization that provides for a basic public need: 公用事業(yè)公用事業(yè) the ambulance/health/postal/prison serviceservant nounpublic
33、servant/servant of the state a person who works for the government:公務(wù)員公務(wù)員Public servants should be incorruptible.in service in use:The battleship has been in service since 1965. 1. (2007天津）天津） A new _ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. A. normal B. usual C. regular D.
34、common 2. My friend, who _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006 浙江浙江) A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served3. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _. (2004 浙江浙江)A. act B. help C. serve D. last2. raise (P9)verb T 1) to t
35、ake care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown: 撫養(yǎng)撫養(yǎng)Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents.The farmer raises (= breeds) chickens and pigs.The soil around here isnt good enough for raising (= growing) crops.2) to cause something to in
36、crease or become bigger, better, higher, etc: 抬高抬高, 提提高高I had to raise my voice (= speak more loudly) to make myself heard over the noise.Our little chat has raised my spirits (= made me feel happier).3) to lift something to a higher position: 舉舉起起Would all those in favor please raise their hands?3.
37、 abuse (P9)verb T to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own advantage: 虐待虐待She is continually abusing her position/authority by getting other people to do things for her.to speak to someone rudely or cruelly: 辱罵辱罵The crowd started abusing him afte
38、r he failed to save a goal. noun Urude and offensive words said to another person: 辱罵辱罵 He hurled (a stream/torrent of) abuse at her (= He said a lot of rude and offensive things to her). child abuse noun U when adults intentionally treat children in a cruel or violent way 虐待兒童虐待兒童4. get caught (P9)
39、verb L + past participle getting, got, got or US gotten sometimes used instead of be to form the passive:I got shouted at by some idiot for walking past his house.Theyre getting married later this year.This window seems to have got broken.1. (2007北京）北京）I got caught in the rain and my suit_.A. has ru
40、ined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined2. (2003 北京北京)_ David and Vicky _married?For about three years. AHow long were being BHow long have gotCHow long have been DHow long did get 3. (2002 全國春全國春) How are the team playing? Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets
41、C. are D. were 4. (2001 全國全國) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed5. pressure (P9)press verb I or T; usually + adverb or preposition to push something firmly, often without causing it to move permanently further away from you: 按按,壓壓Press the bu
42、tton to start the machine.He pressed his face against the window.Can you press a bit harder on my shoulders, please?The crowd pressed against the locked doors trying to get into the building.T to make clothes smooth by ironing them: 熨燙熨燙Ill just press these trousers.T to put a weight on fruit in ord
43、er to remove the juice: 榨汁榨汁to press grapesT to make a record or CD: 制唱片制唱片Over 3000 copies of the CD were pressed and sent some out to college radio stations.T to make something flat and firm by putting it under something heavy: 壓扁壓扁The children pressed some flowers.to try hard to persuade someone
44、to do something: 強(qiáng)迫強(qiáng)迫,迫使迫使+ object + to infinitive The committee pressed him to reveal more information.Hes pressing me for an answer.Can I press you further on (= persuade you to say more about) this issue?noun C usually singular a firm push against something using the fingers: 按按,壓壓To start the ma
45、chine, just give this button a press.S when you make cloth smooth with an iron: 熨燙熨燙Can you give this shirt a quick press?C a piece of equipment which is used to put weight on something in order to crush it, remove liquid from it or to make it flat:a garlic/trouser/wine press nounU the force you pro
46、duce when you press something: 壓力壓力He put too much pressure on the door handle and it snapped.You can stop bleeding by applyingpressure close to the injured area.pressurepressure nounC or U the force that a liquid or gas produces when it presses against an area: 水壓，氣壓水壓，氣壓gas/water pressureThe new m
47、aterial allows the company to make gas pipes which withstand higher pressures.The gas is stored under pressure (= in a container which keeps it at a higher pressure than it would usually have).U when someone tries to make someone else do sth. by arguing, persuading, etc: 壓力壓力(抽象抽象)public/political p
48、ressureTeachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours.+ to infinitive Pressure to abandon the new motorway is increasing.Shes putting pressure on him (= trying to persuade him) to get married.Be nice to himhes been under a lot of pressure recently.Life is tough in the city. In order to
49、lose their _, some people drink alcohol. (2003 上海上海)A. temper B. mood C. consciousness D. pressures 6. threat (P9)noun C a suggestion that something unpleasant or violent will happen, especially if a particular action or order is not followed: 威脅威脅+ to infinitive She carried out her threat to throw
50、away any clothes that were left on the floor.Drunken drivers pose a serious threat (= cause a lot of harm) to other road users. be under threat of sth.to be in a situation where people are threatening you with something bad or unpleasant: 在在的威脅之下的威脅之下 She left the country under threat of arrest if s
51、he returned.T to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them, or cause problems for them if they do not do what you want: 威脅威脅They threatened the shopkeeper with a gun.+ to infinitive They threatened to kill him unless he did as they asked.threatenverb I If something bad threatens to happen, it is
52、likely to happen: 預(yù)兆預(yù)兆,征兆征兆 Look at those clouds! Theres a storm threatening. T to be likely to cause harm or damage to something or someone: 對對造成威脅造成威脅 Changing patterns of agriculture are threatening the countryside.Her brother _ to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order. (2001 上海上海)A. declared B. threatenedC. warned D. exclaimed
高中英語 模塊8 unit1 grammar and usage課件 牛津版選修8
