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牛津9A Unit 6重點(diǎn)詞匯解析
■ 江蘇 李建高
1. death
【解析】death是die的名詞形式,意為“死,死亡”。如:
Many heroes faced death with a smile. 許多英雄笑著面對死亡。
【辨析】die & dead & dying & death
die意為“死,死亡”,是個(gè)點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,用于完成時(shí)不能與一段時(shí)間連用,如必須用則要換成be dead。die of表示“死于(疾病、情感、饑寒、年老等身體內(nèi)部原因)”,die from表示“死于(外傷、事故、勞累 / 抽煙 / 喝酒過度等身體外部因素)。如:
Tom’s grandf
2、ather died in 2005. 湯姆的祖父死于2005年。
That old man has been dead for five years. 那個(gè)老人已經(jīng)過世五年了。
Without rain, plants and animals would die of thirst. 沒有雨水,動(dòng)植物會(huì)因干渴而死。
More and more middle-aged people have die from overwork. 越來越多的中年人由于過度勞累而死。
dead是形容詞,意為“死的”,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,只能放在系動(dòng)詞后表示主語的狀態(tài)。如:
Don’t be afraid.
3、The snake is dead. 別怕。這條蛇是死的。
dying是die的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,也可作形容詞,意為“快死的;垂死的”。如:
Mrs Black is ill and someone says she is dying. 布萊克太太病了,有人說她快要死了。
【練一練】根據(jù)句意,用die的適當(dāng)形式填空。
⑴ The poor old man ______ three years ago.
⑵ He has been ______ for two years.
⑶ His ______ is the saddest thing in our district.
⑷ Loo
4、k, it is ______. We can’t save it.
2. add
【解析】add作及物動(dòng)詞,主要有“補(bǔ)充,增加”之意;作不及物動(dòng)詞,主要有“做加法;增添,添加”之意。如:
Add egg without yolk, please. 把蛋白加進(jìn)去,不要蛋黃。
Do you know how to add? 你懂怎樣做加法嗎?
Her illness added to the family’s troubles. 她的病給家人添了麻煩。
【辨析】add … to & add to & add up & add up to
add … to意思是“把……加到……上去”
5、,add是及物動(dòng)詞。如果to后的賓語在上文已經(jīng)提到,則賓語連同to均可省略。如:
Please add my name to your mailing list. 請把我的名字加入你們的郵件名單中。
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water (to the tea). 如果茶太濃了,再多加點(diǎn)熱水。
add to意為“增加”,add是不及物動(dòng)詞,add to后面通常接抽象名詞。如:
The bad weather added to our difficulties. 惡劣的天氣增加了我們的困難。
add up意思是“把……加起來
6、”。如:
Add up 4, 6 and 8 and you’ll get 18. 把4、6和8相加,總數(shù)是18。
add up to的意思是“加起來總計(jì);總和”。如:
The bills add up to exactly 100 dollars. 這些賬單加起來正好100美元。
【練一練】根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
⑴ 我會(huì)把蘋果加進(jìn)清單里的。
I will ______ apples ______ the list.
⑵ 書籍增添生活的樂趣。
Books ______ ______ the pleasures of life.
⑶ 請不要忘了加些糖進(jìn)去
7、。
Please don’t forget to ______ some sugar.
⑷ 和我們省下的錢加在一起,一共是一千元。
______ ______ what we’ve already saved, and it gives us 1, 000 yuan.
⑸ 把你們的得分加起來,我們就可以看出是誰贏了。
______ your scores ______ and we will see who won.
3. several
【解析】several作形容詞時(shí),意為“幾個(gè)的;數(shù)個(gè)的”,只能用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。several還可用作代詞,表示“幾個(gè)”,常
8、用作主語或賓語。如:
Several people came to congratulate me after the performance. 演出結(jié)束之后,好幾個(gè)人來向我表示祝賀。
Do you keep postcards? We want several. 你們有明信片出售嗎?我們要買幾張。
【溫馨提示】several通常指“三個(gè)以上,十個(gè)以下的數(shù)量”,可與of連用,其后的名詞必須為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
I have several of Mike’s books. 我有好幾本邁克的書。
【練一練】根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
⑴ 那兒有好幾百人。
There were __
9、_____ _______ people there.
⑵ 我們當(dāng)中好幾個(gè)人是從蘇格蘭旅行來的。
_______ _______ _______ had traveled down from Scotland.
4. suppose
【解析】suppose作動(dòng)詞,意為“認(rèn)為,推斷,料想”,常用來表示說話人的看法、猜測或假設(shè)。其常見用法如下:⑴be supposed to意為“應(yīng)該;理應(yīng)”,其后接動(dòng)詞原形。此結(jié)構(gòu)用于否定句時(shí),表示委婉地禁止,意為“不應(yīng)當(dāng);不可;不許”。⑵“suppose + that從句”表示“猜測;認(rèn)為”。若從句是否定意義,主句主語是第一人稱時(shí),應(yīng)將否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主
10、句中去。⑶口語中,常用I suppose so. (我認(rèn)為是這樣。)和I don’t suppose so. / I suppose not. (我認(rèn)為不是這樣。)。如:
The train was supposed to arrive twenty minutes ago. 火車應(yīng)該在二十分鐘之前到達(dá)。
You’re not supposed to smoke here. 此地禁止吸煙。
I suppose that you are Lucy. 我想你是露西。
I don’t suppose you can finish the work on time. 我想你不能按時(shí)完成工作。
11、
—I think it’s going to rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午會(huì)下雨。
—I suppose so. 我認(rèn)為是這樣。
【練一練】根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
⑴ 我不認(rèn)為他40歲了。
I ______ ______ he is forty.
⑵ 不要在教室里吃東西。
You ______ ______ ______ eat in the classroom.
⑶ 你應(yīng)該每天早晨8點(diǎn)開始工作。
You ______ ______ ______ start work at 8 every morning.
5. breathe
12、
【解析】breathe是動(dòng)詞,表示“呼吸;呼出”的動(dòng)作。如:
He often goes to the forest to breathe the fresh air. 他常常到樹林去呼吸新鮮空氣。
【辨析】breath & breathing & breathe
breath是名詞,用作不可數(shù)名詞,表示“呼吸的空氣”;用作可數(shù)名詞,表示“一次吸入的空氣”(如to take a deep breath)。如:
They had to stop for breath before they got to the top of the mountain. 在他們登上山頂之前,他們不得不
13、停下來喘口氣。
Let’s go out for a breath of fresh air. 我們到外面去呼吸一點(diǎn)兒新鮮空氣。
breathing用作不可數(shù)名詞,表示“呼吸”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是呼吸的動(dòng)作。如:
It was only loud breathing that we could hear at that time. 當(dāng)時(shí)我們只能聽到沉重的呼吸聲。
【練一練】用breath, breathing或breathe填空。
⑴ Mr Smith took a deep ______ and blew into the bag.
⑵ We are unable to ______ be
14、cause of the smoke in the room.
⑶ Deep ______ exercises will help you relax.
6. against
【解析】against表示“反對;不贊成”,其反義詞是for,意為“同意”。若要表示“反對某事或某人”,against須與be動(dòng)詞連用。此外,against也常與fight, argue, speak等動(dòng)詞連用。against表示位置時(shí),有“緊靠;倚著”的意思。如:
Are you against this plan or for? 你是反對還是支持這個(gè)計(jì)劃?
England fought with Franc
15、e against Germany in the Second World War. 在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中,英國與法國聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)抗擊德國。
A bookcase stood against the wall. 靠墻放著一個(gè)書櫥。
【練一練】根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
⑴ 沒有人反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
No one is ______ ______ ______.
⑵ 你能幫我把那個(gè)梯子放在墻邊嗎?
Can you help me put the ladder ______ ______ ______?
7. dare
【解析】dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意為“敢于,膽敢”,后要接動(dòng)詞不定
16、式,構(gòu)成dare to do sth. 意為“敢于做某事”。to有時(shí)也可省略。dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,意為“敢;敢于”,但只用于疑問句、否定句及條件句中。How dare you / he / she …? 用于表示對他人舉動(dòng)的憤怒。如:
Only one man dared to enter the burning building. 只有一人敢進(jìn)入那幢熊熊燃燒的房屋。
Dare you go home alone? 你敢獨(dú)自一個(gè)人回家嗎?
No one dare speak about it. 誰也不敢談這件事。
If the aggressors dare come, they ar
17、en’t away. 如果侵略者敢來,他們就休想逃掉。
How dare you use my care without asking me? 你怎么敢不問我就用我的車?
【溫馨提示】dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)沒有過去式形式,其否定式為daren’t,既可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,也可指過去時(shí)間。如:
Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t. 湯姆想來,但他不敢。
【練一練】根據(jù)提示,完成句子。
⑴ She ______ her parents about her cheating in the English final examination.
A. dares
18、 not tell B. dares not to tell
C. don’t dare to tell D. dare not tell
⑵ She is a shame girl and ______ express herself in public.
A. dare not B. dares not
C. dare not to D. don’t dare
⑶ 你怎么敢對我這樣說話?
______ ______ you speak to me like that?
8. progress
【解析】progress用作名詞,意為“進(jìn)
19、步,進(jìn)展,發(fā)展”等含義,是不可數(shù)名詞,常和動(dòng)詞make連用。表示在某方面取得進(jìn)步或進(jìn)展時(shí),常和介詞in或with連用。progress用作動(dòng)詞,意為“(使)進(jìn)步;(使)進(jìn)行”。如:
Study hard and make progress every day. 好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上。
Medical science is progressing rapidly in our country. 我國的醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步很快。
The construction of the new railway is progressing successfully. 那條新鐵路的建設(shè)在順利進(jìn)行。
【練一練】根據(jù)提示,完成句子。
⑴ We are very happy with our ______ in our studies.
A. great progresses B. great progress
C. many progress D. lot of progress
⑵ 本課程允許學(xué)生按各自的速度學(xué)習(xí)。
The course allows students ______ ______ at their own speed.