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1、第二部分第二部分 專(zhuān)題語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題語(yǔ)法 高效突破高效突破專(zhuān)項(xiàng)專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 4 代詞代詞 高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)代詞1.人稱(chēng)代詞有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的變化列表如下： 主(賓)格 人稱(chēng)單數(shù)主格賓格復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格第一人稱(chēng)Imeweus第二人稱(chēng)youyouyouyou第三人稱(chēng)he himthey them shehertheythemitittheythem 2.人稱(chēng)代詞的用法(1)人稱(chēng)代詞的主格在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如：She is a good student.她是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。(2)人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格在句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如：I dont know her.我不認(rèn)識(shí)她。His mothe
2、r is waiting for him outside.他的母親正在外面等著他。3.人稱(chēng)代詞的語(yǔ)序幾個(gè)人稱(chēng)代詞并列充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，它們的順序是：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式(二、三、一)you，he/she and I；復(fù)數(shù)形式(一、二、三)we，you and they?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 物主代詞物主代詞1.物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，列表如下：2.物主代詞的用法： 我的我的 你的你的 他的他的 她的她的 它的它的我們的我們的 你們的你們的 他們的他們的形容詞性物形容詞性物主代詞主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主名詞性物主代詞代詞mine yourshishers
3、itsoursyourstheirs類(lèi)別類(lèi)別作用作用例句例句形容詞性物主代形容詞性物主代詞詞作定語(yǔ)We must protect animals，they are our friends.我們必須保護(hù)動(dòng)物，它們是我們的朋友。類(lèi)別類(lèi)別作用作用例句例句名詞性物名詞性物主代詞主代詞作主語(yǔ)Would you please lend me your English book？Mine isnt here.我能借一下你的英語(yǔ)書(shū)嗎？我的不在這兒。作賓語(yǔ)This isnt your football，Tom. You left yours at school.這不是你的足球，湯姆。你把你的落在學(xué)校了。作表語(yǔ)W
4、hose book is it？這是誰(shuí)的書(shū)？Its mine.是我的。與of連用作定語(yǔ)The red skirt of hers is very beautiful.她的那條紅色裙子非常漂亮?！咀⒁狻俊咀⒁狻啃稳菰~性物主代詞具有形容詞的作用，不能單獨(dú)使用，放在名詞前面作定語(yǔ)。名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞名詞”，它只能獨(dú)立使用，后面不跟名詞。如：This computer is mine. = This is my computer.這是我的電腦。 物主代詞前后不能有this，that，some，a，an，the等詞修飾。如不能說(shuō)the his watch。 當(dāng)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
5、時(shí)，形容詞性物主代詞可與own連用，意為“某人自己的”。如：her own bike她自己的自行車(chē)?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 反身代詞反身代詞1.反身代詞的構(gòu)成：(1)第一、二人稱(chēng)反身代詞構(gòu)成：形容詞性物主代詞self/selves。(2)第三人稱(chēng)反身代詞構(gòu)成：人稱(chēng)代詞賓格self/selves。 我我(們們)自自己己你你(們們)自自己己他他(們們)自己自己她她(們們)自自己己它它(們們)自自己己?jiǎn)螖?shù)單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselves themselves2.反身代詞的用法：用法用法
6、位置位置例句例句作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞之后He can take care of himself.他能照顧好他自己。作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞之后The poor boy in the story was myself.這個(gè)故事里可憐的男孩是我自己。作同位作同位語(yǔ)語(yǔ)名詞或代詞之后或句末I myself did it. = I did it myself.我自己做的。3. 反身代詞常用的結(jié)構(gòu)：for oneself 為自己；hurt oneself 傷害自己；prove oneself 證明自己；keep sth.to oneself保密；dress oneself自己穿衣服；主語(yǔ)oneself.某人親
7、自；help oneself (to)自用(食物等)；enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高興；learn sth.by oneself = teach oneself sth.自學(xué)；by oneself = do sth.alone獨(dú)自做某事考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 普通不定代詞普通不定代詞1.普通不定代詞普通不定代詞有some，any，many，much，each，every，both，few，little，a few，a little，all，none，either，neither，other，the other，others，another。 相同點(diǎn)相同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)不
8、同點(diǎn)例句例句some均表示“一些”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞, some 常用于肯定句；但在疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)表示說(shuō)話人希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答或表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)someI need some paper.Do you have any paper？我需要一些紙。你有嗎？ any 常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，還可用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“任何一個(gè)”The question is very easy.Any student can answer it.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很簡(jiǎn)單。任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都能回答上。 2.常見(jiàn)普通不定代詞的用法辨析(1) some與any (2) many與muc
9、h相同點(diǎn)相同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)例句例句many意為“許多” 指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，how連用He has many friends.他有很多朋友。 much指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，how連用He doesnt have much money.他沒(méi)有很多錢(qián)。(3) both，either與neither 相相同同點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)例句例句both均用于兩個(gè)人或物意為“兩者都”，both of.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。其反義詞為neither。詞組：both.and意為 “兩者都”He has two sons.Both of t
10、hem are doctors.他有兩個(gè)兒子。他們兩個(gè)都是醫(yī)生。either意為“兩者之一”，either of.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。詞組：either.or意為“要么要么”Which do you like，tea or milk？茶和牛奶你喜歡哪個(gè)？Either is OK.任何一個(gè)都可以。neither均用于兩個(gè)人或物意為“兩者都不”，neither of.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。詞組：neither.nor意為“既不也不”Neither of the twins has been to Beijing.They hope to visit there one day.這兩個(gè)雙胞
11、胎中的任何一個(gè)都沒(méi)有去過(guò)北京。他們希望有一天可以去那里。Neither you nor he knows the answer.既不是你也不是他知道答案。(4) all，every，each與none 不同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)例句例句all指三者或三者以上“全部都”，其反義詞為none。all of.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)All of the students have heard of the story，so they want to hear a new one.所有學(xué)生都已經(jīng)聽(tīng)過(guò)這個(gè)故事了，所以他們想聽(tīng)一個(gè)新的。every指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中的“每一個(gè)”，不能帶of Every stude
12、nt in our school works hard.我們學(xué)校的每個(gè)學(xué)生都很用功each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的“每一個(gè)”，能帶of Each student may have one book.每個(gè)學(xué)生都可以有一本書(shū)。none指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中“一個(gè)也沒(méi)有”，既可指人也可指物，常與of連用。none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。none代替可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties.戰(zhàn)士們都不怕困難。【注意】【注意】用what / who提問(wèn)的句子表示否定時(shí)分別用nothi
13、ng / no one(nobody)來(lái)回答。用how many / how much提問(wèn)的句子表示否定時(shí)只能用none來(lái)回答。no one / nobody指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中“一個(gè)也沒(méi)有”，只能指人，不能與of連用。如：What can you see in the room？你在房間里能看到什么？Nothing.什么都沒(méi)有。How many sheep did you see on the hill？你在山上能看到多少只羊？None.一只也沒(méi)有。No one/Nobody can help him out. He must do it by himself.沒(méi)有人能夠幫他擺脫困境。他必須
14、靠自己。(5) other，the other，others，the others 與 another不定不定代詞代詞意義意義用法說(shuō)明用法說(shuō)明例句例句other另外的只作定語(yǔ)，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the，some，any，each，every，no，my，your，his等，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用I have no other choice.我沒(méi)有選擇的余地。the other兩者中的另一個(gè)常與one連用，構(gòu)成“one.the other.”；作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示“其余的全部”He has two cars.One is black，the other is white.他有兩輛車(chē)
15、。一輛黑色的，一輛白色的。others另一些泛指別的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定語(yǔ)，可以構(gòu)成“some.，others.”結(jié)構(gòu)There are many students on the playground.Some are playing basketball，others are playing football. 操場(chǎng)上有許多學(xué)生。一些在打籃球，另一些在踢足球。the others其余的特指其余所有的人或物There are 50 students in my class.25 are boys，the others are girls.我們班有五十名學(xué)生。二十五個(gè)男生，其他的是女生
16、。another又一，另一一般情況下，后面接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，但后面可加few或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞The dress is too small.Please show me another one.這件裙子太小。請(qǐng)給我展示另外一件。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5 復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞的用法：(1)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。(2)復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞須后置。(3)由some構(gòu)成的不定代詞往往用于肯定句中；而由any構(gòu)成的不定代詞則往往用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。由some構(gòu)成的不定代詞有時(shí)也可用于疑問(wèn)句中，用來(lái)表明“請(qǐng)求對(duì)方給予肯定回答”的心理。表人表人somebody，som
17、eoneanybody，anyoneeverybody，everyonenobody，no one表物表物somethinganythingeverythingnothing考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 6 指示代詞指示代詞1.one，this/these與that/those代詞代詞用法用法例句例句one表示泛指，指前面提到的那類(lèi)人或物中的任何一個(gè)，用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；其復(fù)數(shù)形式是onesYour watch is very nice.I want to buy one like yours.你的手表很漂亮。我想買(mǎi)一個(gè)和你一樣的。I bought it two weeks ago.我兩周前買(mǎi)的。this /
18、these指近處的人或物，單數(shù)用this，復(fù)數(shù)用theseThis is her schoolbag.這是她的書(shū)包。These books are his.這些書(shū)是他的。that / those指遠(yuǎn)處的人或物，that 指代同一類(lèi)別中的另一個(gè)，用來(lái)代替不可數(shù)名詞；those用來(lái)指代名詞復(fù)數(shù)，指代同一類(lèi)別中的另一些，通常用于含有比較級(jí)的句子中That is his bike.那是他的自行車(chē)。The weather in Guangdong is hotter than that in Beijing.廣東的天氣比北京的熱。The buildings of Beijing are higher t
19、han those of Zhongshan.北京的建筑比中山的高。2.it的特殊用法(1)指代前面提到過(guò)的事物。如：The book on the desk is not mine.It is Jims.書(shū)桌子上的書(shū)不是我的。它是吉姆的。(2)代替指示代詞this或that。如：Whats that？那是什么？It is a pencil.它是一支鉛筆。(3)指代嬰兒或不明身份的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.有人在敲門(mén)。請(qǐng)去看看他是誰(shuí)。(4)指代時(shí)間或季節(jié)。如：Whats the time no
20、w？現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)？Its ten oclock.十點(diǎn)。(5)指代天氣。如：Whats the weather like today？今天天氣怎么樣？Its sunny.晴天。(6)指代距離。如：How far is it from your school to your home？從學(xué)校到你家有多遠(yuǎn)？(7)it的常用句型：It isadj.(for / of sb.)to do sth.做某事(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))如：It is important for us to work hard.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)努力學(xué)習(xí)是重要的。Its time to do / for / that.該做某事的時(shí)間了。如：Its ti
21、me to get up / for lunch / that we went home.該起床了/該吃午飯了/我們?cè)摶丶伊?。It seems that.好像如：It seems that you are right.看起來(lái)你是對(duì)的。Its ones turn to do.輪到某人做如：Its your turn to sing. 輪到你唱了。Itsadj.that從句。如：Its natural that they should have different views.他們有不同的觀點(diǎn)是很自然的。(8)作形式賓語(yǔ)。如：Do you think it necessary to learn t
22、o wait in line？你認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)排隊(duì)等候是有必要的嗎？(9)構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is / was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that / who其他成分”。如：It is he who goes to school by bike every day.他每天騎自行車(chē)上學(xué)?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 7 疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞who作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(此時(shí)不能放在介詞后)Who are you waiting for？你現(xiàn)在等誰(shuí)？whomwho的賓格形式，作賓語(yǔ)With whom did you go swimming？你和誰(shuí)去游泳的？whosewho的所有格形式，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)Whose pen is this？這是
23、誰(shuí)的鋼筆？what對(duì)物提問(wèn)，意為“什么”What fruit do you like？你喜歡什么水果？which指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物中的“哪一個(gè)”Which movie do you like？你喜歡哪部電影？十年真題十年真題全練全練 青島中考在單項(xiàng)選擇中主要以不定代詞、人稱(chēng)代詞的用法以及物主代詞為重點(diǎn)考查的內(nèi)容，并且也考查反身代詞。在綜合填空中重點(diǎn)考查物主代詞，在閱讀理解中綜合考查其他代詞的用法。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要熟練掌握各種代詞的基本用法，重點(diǎn)掌握不定代詞和人稱(chēng)代詞的用法，記牢反身代詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，使用時(shí)一定要注意上下文之間的聯(lián)系，進(jìn)行分析、判斷，注意代詞在句子中的應(yīng)用形式以及所作的句子成
24、分和所代替部分的詞類(lèi)和單、復(fù)數(shù)形式等，最后選擇正確答案。 研究十年中考題告訴我們，試題考查重點(diǎn)放在人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞和不定代詞上面，17年考查的是不定代詞和物主代詞，代詞是內(nèi)容較多的模塊，考題占分比例大，所以18年的中考同學(xué)們還須側(cè)重于代詞的復(fù)習(xí)。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)代詞1.2012青島，20題I dont have white shoes for tomorrows speech contest.My brother has C pair. Would you like to try _ on?A.a；it B.one；it C.one；them D.two；them考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 物主
25、代詞物主代詞2.2017青島，綜合填空B1題Her ways of solving problems are different from mine (我的).3.2016青島，綜合填空B2題I left my book at home. May I borrow yours (你的)?考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 反身代詞反身代詞4.2009青島，18題Dont worry about your broken pen.You can use B .A.my B.mine C.yours D.myself5.2015青島，綜合填空B1題My uncle has taught himself (自己)Frenc
26、h since the year before last.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 普通不定代詞普通不定代詞6.2017青島，1題Can I come today or tomorrow? B is OK.Im busy today and tomorrow.A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5 復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞7.2014青島，24題Though Mary is a new teacher，she knows _C student in her class.A.either B.all C.every D.none8.2016青島，5題Ladies and
27、 gentlemen，attention please！I have B important to tell you.A.nothing B.something C.everything D.anything9.2013青島，19題I dont have a present for my friend.What if _C else brings a present?A.anybody B.nobody C.everyone D.none考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 6 指示代詞指示代詞10.2008青島，18題I have got many collections of snow globes.You may
28、take B if you like.A.either B.one C.it D.none猜押預(yù)測(cè)猜押預(yù)測(cè)1.Mum，this is my best friend Amy are in the same class.A.You B.Our C.We D.They2.Everyone makes mistakes in life.The key is not to repeat _ again.A.it B.this C.that D.them3.My father is a worker. is very kind.A.He B.She C.His D.It4.Is this Kates bi
29、cycle?No，_ is under the tree.She put it there this morning.A.his B.hers C.mine D.yours5.How do you get on with _ little brother? Ive just had a baby sister.Im worrying about it.A.my B.his C.her D.yourCDABD6.If we just think about _ ，the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.A.myself B.himsel
30、f C.yourself D.ourselves7.Would you please come to play soccer with me?Sorry！My 5yearold brother cant look after _.A.him B.himself C.his D.He8.Dont be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again，will you?No，I wont.I know that _ of us are perfect after all.A.none B.neither C.each D.all9.In some
31、 countries，people eat with chopsticks，but in _，knives and forks.You see. People around the world have different eating habits.A.others B.other C.another D.allDBAA10.Sir， called you just now. I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.OK.Thanks，Nancy.A.someone B.nobody C.anyone D.everyone11.Is there
32、_ in todays newspaper?No.I think everything in it is boring.A.interesting anythingB.somebody interestingC.interesting somethingD.anything interesting12.Do you think _ acceptable for a group of women to dance to loud music on the square near your house?A.it B.that C.this D.itsADA13.I think _ (兩者都) of you are right.14.Boys and girls，I hope all of you enjoy _(你們自己) during the summer vacation.15.Tom is a good friend of _ (我的).bothyourselvesmine
山東省青島市中考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 專(zhuān)題語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)4 代詞課件
