備戰(zhàn)2018年高考英語 考點(diǎn)一遍過專題12 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（含解析）

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1、 考點(diǎn)12 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。 We have been waiting for him for two hours. 2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu) have/has been + doing 3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語 this month/week/year，these days，recently/lately，in the past few+時(shí)間段，since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段。 They have

2、 been building the bridge for two months. They have been planting trees this month. 這個(gè)月他們在植樹。 4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 （1）表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù) The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中國有2，000年的造紙歷史。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） I have been learning English since three years ago. 自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。（表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作） We h

3、ave been waiting for you for half an hour. 我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。（動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)下去） ★ 有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。 They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他們在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了。 ★

4、大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。 I have been writing a book. 我一直在寫一本書。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） I have written a book. 我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成） They have been building a bridge. 他們一直在造一座橋。 They have built a bridge. 他們造了一座橋。 ★表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 I have known him for years. 我認(rèn)識他已經(jīng)好幾年了。 I have been knowing...（×） ★ 這類不能用于現(xiàn)

5、在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛，like喜歡，hate討厭等。 常見考法： 1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法； 2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別； 3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和其他時(shí)態(tài)的搭配。 誤區(qū)提醒： 1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成記憶不清； 2. 不能準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別； 3. 時(shí)態(tài)搭配上出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。 【疑難辨析】 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的辨析： （1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)性 Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他見面嗎？ Have you met him r

6、ecently?你最近見到過他嗎？ （2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是平鋪直敘 I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（可能表示不滿）? I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（說明一個(gè)事實(shí)） （3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 Who has been eating the oranges?誰一直在吃這些桔子呀？（還剩余一些） Who has eaten the oranges?誰把桔子吃光了？（強(qiáng)調(diào)吃得一個(gè)不剩）

7、 1.（2016·北京卷﹒單項(xiàng)填空）—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ____________ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting 【答案】D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——打擾了，你們在等哪一部電影？——《星球大戰(zhàn)》，我們已經(jīng)在這兒等了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)了。＂for+時(shí)間段＂與完成時(shí)連用，根據(jù)語境可知，說話的

8、時(shí)候仍然在等，因此用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選D。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】英語中的時(shí)態(tài)主要由動(dòng)詞的形式?jīng)Q定，因此在學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，要注意分析動(dòng)詞形式及具體語境，想象在那個(gè)特定的時(shí)間動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的背景，這個(gè)動(dòng)作是經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作、一般性動(dòng)作、進(jìn)行性動(dòng)作、完成性動(dòng)作還是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行可能還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2.（2016·江蘇卷﹒單項(xiàng)填空）Dashan, who ____________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stan

9、d-up tradition. A.will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning 【答案】D 考向二 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 構(gòu)成：過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由＂had been +現(xiàn)在分詞＂構(gòu)成。 She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這

10、個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧？ 2. 用法： （1）表示過去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間。和過去完成時(shí)一樣，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過去時(shí)間為前提。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也是一個(gè)相對的時(shí)態(tài), 上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過去的時(shí)間。 I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。 They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他們只等了幾分鐘車就來了。

11、 （2）表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。 He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。 （3）過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用于間接引語中。 The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問他吃了什么。 I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我問他們那些天待在哪兒。 （4）過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)之后也可接具有＂突然＂之意的when從句。 I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.

12、 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來了。 She’d only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她溫習(xí)功課才一會(huì)兒，她妹妹就打斷她了。 1. He ____________ research in the US for many years, but when he came back, he became a businessman. A.had been doing B.has been doing C.did D.has

13、 done 【答案】A 2. The crazy fans ____________ patiently in the rain for almost three hours, and they would wait until the famous star arrived. A. were waiting B. have waited C. had been waiting D. would wait 【答案】C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)閣ould wait是過去將來時(shí)，可見此事發(fā)生在過去，再結(jié)合for

14、two hours可知，wait這個(gè)動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻，并且還在等，一直要等到那位影星到來，所以用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been doing，因此選C項(xiàng)。 考向二 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間（即說話者人提及的時(shí)間），是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。如： By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years.? 到下星期此刻，我已經(jīng)為該公司干了24年了。 If we don’

15、t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.? 咱們?nèi)舨豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會(huì)關(guān)了。 2.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“will / shall have been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years.?到今年年底他當(dāng)演員就滿30年了。 I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by t

16、he end of the year.? 到今年年底，我在這個(gè)工廠工作就有20年了。? 3.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語 與將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用最多的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)是“by+將來時(shí)間”，見上面的例子。當(dāng)然除“by+將來時(shí)間”外，連用其他的時(shí)間狀語也是可能的。如： He will have been working all day.?他整天將都在工作。 She will have been having treatment all her life.?她將終生受到治療。 I’ll have been teaching for thirty years this winter.?到今年冬天我

17、就已任教三十年了。 4.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的情態(tài)意義 “will / shall have been+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)除表示將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)外，有時(shí)其中的?will?也可能是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，具有情態(tài)意義，比較表示推測或猜想等。如： They will have been having a holiday yesterday.?他們昨天大概是在度假。 You’ll have been wondering all this time how my invention works.? 我想你這些時(shí)候一直想知道我的發(fā)明怎樣會(huì)行得通的。 5.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用于狀語從句的變體 正如我們通常要在條件狀語從句

18、和時(shí)時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)以及用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)等一樣，如果因語義的需要，我們需要在條件狀語從句和時(shí)時(shí)間狀語從句中使用將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，那么我們通常要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： I’ll have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes.?我一會(huì)兒就用完浴室了。 As soon as I have finished I’ll give you a call.?我一完事兒，就給你打電話。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 1. Good Heavens! You are here, Mary! Your parents

19、 told me this morning that they ____________ worried about you and they ____________ you back the whole night. A.were；were expecting B.had been；had been expecting C.had been；were expecting D.were；had been expecting 2. To my great joy, I got a chance to take a photo with Andy after the

20、concert, which I ____________ forward to for years. A.have been looking B.had been looking C.looked D.had looked 3. —Why, boys, you look so tired! —Well, we ____________ all the way home. A.have been running B.had been running C.will be running D.had run 4. Marty

21、 ____________ really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked 5. Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail ____________ all day. Could you speak to him now? A.phones B.has p

22、honed C.phoned D.has been phoning 6. Housing prices ____________ since the end of last year. Therefore, it’s time the central government ____________ some effective measures to bring them under control. A.have increased；would take B.have increased；will take C.have been increasi

23、ng；takes D.have been increasing；took 7. —Wow, I didn’t know you play golf so well. —I ____________ for the last 6 months. A.play B. played C.am playing D.have been playing 8. —I have failed in the driving test again. I ____________ hard on it but... —Never say die.

24、In fact, the new rules are too difficult but you are making progress. A.work B.worked C.have been worked D.had been working 9. I wonder if John has forgotten my number. I ____________ him to call me for the past two hours. A.was expecting B.have expected C.have b

25、een expecting D.expected 10. She apologized to beg his forgiveness. After all, they ____________ business for many years. A.had been doing B.have been doing C.have done D.did 題組二 體驗(yàn)真題 1.(2017·新課標(biāo)I卷改編)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center ________(inspire) a passion(熱情) for

26、 discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. 2. (2017·新課標(biāo)II卷改編) Inventors ________(try) to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. 3. (2017·浙江卷改編) His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he __

27、_______( do). 4.(2015·陜西)Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked 5.(2015·福建)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ev

28、er since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項(xiàng)填空 1. D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：天啊！瑪麗，你在這兒！你的父母今天早晨告訴我他們很擔(dān)心你，一整個(gè)晚上他們一直盼著你回去。根據(jù)句意可知，第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語the whole night可知，第二個(gè)空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，又因expect這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在told之前，所以第二個(gè)空用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2. B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：讓我非常

29、高興的是，在演唱會(huì)后我有機(jī)會(huì)和Andy拍照，這是我多年一直盼望的事情。由句中的got可知，空處指的是過去的過去一直在做的事情，故用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以選B。 4. B 【解析】句意：Marty一直努力寫書，我想他到周五為止將已經(jīng)完成了。用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。所以選B。 5. D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對不起，夫人，來自the Daily Mail 的記者Ellen一天都在打電話。你現(xiàn)在可以和他談話嗎？根據(jù)語境可知用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過去到現(xiàn)在一直在做某事。故選D。 6. D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和虛擬語氣。句意：自從去年底，房價(jià)一直在上漲。因此，中央政

30、府到了采取有效措施控制房價(jià)的時(shí)候了。和since the end of last year 搭配用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；It is time+從句中，從句的謂語用should do或過去式表示虛擬語氣。故選D。 7. D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——喔，我不知道你高爾夫球打得這么好?！乙呀?jīng)打了六個(gè)月了。和for the last 6 months 搭配用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D。 8. D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)第一個(gè)人說的話中的＂have failed＂可知，＂考試＂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，＂考試失?。⑦@個(gè)結(jié)果影響到了現(xiàn)在。而＂work＂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在考試之前且

31、在過去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，故用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 9. C 【解析】句意：我想知道約翰是否忘記了我的電話號碼。在過去的兩個(gè)小時(shí)里，我一直期待他給我打電話。根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語＂for the past two hours＂可知，本句要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。 10. A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她道歉懇請他原諒。畢竟他們(彼此)做生意好多年了。＂道歉＂這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，＂做生意＂這一動(dòng)作是從過去的過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到過去(道歉)，故要用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 題組二體驗(yàn)真題 1. has been inspiring 【解析】此處表示inspire這個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去1962年開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。 4.B 【解析】句意：Marty一直努力寫書，我想他到周五為止將已經(jīng)完成了。用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。所以選B。 5.C 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)句意：——彼得在那里，我哪兒都找不到他。——他在早餐過后就去了圖書館，然后自從那以后他就一直在那里寫論文。從句意中可以知道彼得是吃過早餐之后去了圖書館，從那個(gè)時(shí)候開始他就一直在寫論文，這個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。故選C。 9