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1、Unit 3 Language in use延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞 (1)延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的概念 英語中,動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、動作發(fā)生過程的長短,可分為延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作,這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如:learn, work,stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 終止性動詞也稱為非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:open, close, finis
2、h, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。 (2)延續(xù)性動詞的用法特征 1)延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時,其完成時態(tài)可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。表示一段時間的短語有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如: I have learned English since I came here. 自從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語了。 2)延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的狀語連用。如: It rained at e
3、ight yesterday morning. (誤) rain為延續(xù)性動詞,而at eight表示時間點,前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為: It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. 昨天早上八點開始下起了雨。 又如: When did you get to know Jack? Two years ago. Then youve known each other for more than two years. Thats right. (3)終止性動詞的用
4、法特征 1)終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作的完成,因 此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如: The train has arrived. 火車到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入電腦小組了嗎? 2)終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如: He has been dead for three years. =He died three years ago. =It is/has been three years since he died. =Three years has passed since he
5、 died. 他死了三年了。 He has been here for five days. =He came here five days ago. =It is/has been five days since he came here. =Five days has passed since he came here. 他來這兒五天了。 、句中的die和come均為終止性動詞,不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢?可以采用下面的四種方法: A. 將句中終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾個常見的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換:leavebe away,
6、 borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。 B. 將句中表示一段時間的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如以上兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。 C. 用句型It is+一段時間+since.表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。 D. 用句型“一段時間+has pas
7、sed+since.”表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。 3)終止性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式中,變成可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),此時可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如: I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 我已有兩周沒收到我父親的來信了。 4)終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成not+終止性動詞+until/till.的句型,意為“直到才”。如: You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能離開這里。 I will not go to bed until I finish draw
8、ing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。 5)終止性動詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。when表示的是時間點(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是一段時間(從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞);而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,故從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。如: When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. 我們到達(dá)倫敦那會兒是十二點。(reach為終止性動詞) Please look after my daughter while/when we are
9、 away. 我們離開時請照顧我女兒。(be away為延續(xù)性動詞短語) 6)終止性動詞的完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如: How long have you been here? 你在這兒有多久了? When did you come here? 你什么時候來這兒的?【話題呈現(xiàn)話題呈現(xiàn)】 本模塊圍繞“My future life”展開話題,要求學(xué)生寫一篇畢業(yè)晚會的演講稿或者寫一篇關(guān)于自己未來生活的文章?!炯丫渌C萃佳句薈萃】 Im very proud that you have chosen me to speak to you today. 我很榮幸今天你們選我給大家
10、做演講。 These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt. 這些玫瑰用來表達(dá)對三組人的謝意,因為我從他們(那里)學(xué)到了最重要的三件事。 They have taught me that there is no success without effort. 他們教我(明白了)不努力就不會成功(的道理)。 You only really lose if you give up. 如果你放棄,(那么)你才真的失敗了。 I woke up to
11、 find a beautiful violin at my bedside. 我醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)床邊放著一把漂亮的小提琴。 Im sure that you all have your own memories about the happiness of the last three years. 我相信你們每個人的記憶里都有過去三年里的快樂。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。 How time flies!Our middle school life will come to an end soon. 光陰似箭!我們的初中生活馬上要結(jié)束了。
12、Besides, dont be afraid of making mistakes. You should try to learn from mistakes. 除此之外,不要害怕犯錯誤。你應(yīng)該盡量從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)。 I hope it can be helpful to you. Wish you success. 我希望這對你有幫助。祝你成功?!緦懽魅蝿?wù)寫作任務(wù)】 三年快樂而充實的初中生活結(jié)束了,你即將進(jìn)入高中深造。展望未來,你對高中生活充滿期待。請以“I Expect My School Life”為題,寫一篇80詞左右的短文。文章的開頭已經(jīng)給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。 提示:1. 生活、學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)
13、境(餐廳,圖書館,運(yùn)動場);2. 師生、同學(xué)關(guān)系;3. 生活多彩、學(xué)業(yè)進(jìn)步;4. 補(bǔ)充一點自己的想法。 要求:1. 文章不得出現(xiàn)真實的姓名和學(xué)校名稱;2. 要點齊全,語言通順,意思連貫,書寫規(guī)范,可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。 參考詞匯:get along with與相處;colourful多彩的;knowledge知識;habit習(xí)慣【寫作指導(dǎo)】 1. 由所給話題可知,本文是一篇記敘文,要求展望未來,寫對高中生活的期待。 2. 用第一人稱寫出自己對未來生活的憧憬,可適當(dāng)增加情態(tài)動詞。Beginning開門見山開門見山 I will study in a 1 soon. high schoolBody展望未來
14、的學(xué)校生活展望未來的學(xué)校生活 2. I hope my school is with a dining room and the library .3. I can my teachers and . We can help .4. I expect my school life is colourful. After class, I can . I can surf the Internet to get .5. I .big and clean is full of booksget on well with classmates each other listen to music k
15、nowledge will study hard and try to make progressEnding夢想成真夢想成真 I think my dream can 6 .come true【自主創(chuàng)作自主創(chuàng)作】 I Expect My School Life I will study in a high school soon. Everything is new to me. 【范文展示范文展示】 I Expect My School Life I will study in a high school soon. Everything is new to me. I hope my s
16、chool is big and clean with a large dining room and the library is full of different kinds of books. So I can read them in my spare time. I can get on well with my teachers and classmates. We can help each other. At the same time, I expect my school life is colourful. After class I can listen to mus
17、ic, play chess and basketball. To get more useful knowledge or information, I can surf the Internet. I will keep a good eating habit. Doing exercise often to stay in good spirits. Try my best to make great progress. As long as I stick to it, I can achieve my dream.【升格點撥】 1. 要點齊全,增加了適當(dāng)?shù)募?xì)節(jié)。 2. 行文連貫,語言簡潔得體。