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1、為什么并列分句翻譯成時間從句?
有網(wǎng)友問,英語中沒有if,但翻譯中有“如果”。今天看到這樣一個句子:
Robert had an accident in the lab. He was opening a bottle of acid and he spilt some on her hands. 羅伯特在實驗室里出了事故,他在打開一瓶酸的時候,灑了一些在手上。
這個句子的翻譯用了“他在……的時候”,但英語句子并沒有表示類似意思的連詞(如when, as, while等),也沒有表示類似意思的介詞或其他短語,這樣的翻譯屬于“意譯””吧。請專家老師再舉幾例說明一下,讓學(xué)生體會,非常感謝!
2、
好的。可以這樣理解:當(dāng)一個突然發(fā)生的動作B,與一個正在發(fā)生的動作A并列時,這說明B發(fā)生在A的過程中。在理解和翻譯時,可以把A句視為時間從句,把B句視為主句。例如:
He was opening a bottle of acid and (he) spilt some on his hands.
他在打開一瓶酸的時候,灑了一些在手上。
I was wandering on the pavement and (I) found a wallet suddenly.
我在人行道上徘徊時,突然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個錢包。
Tom was reading a newspaper in his stu
3、dy and his sister came in.
湯姆正在書房看報時,他妹妹進來了。
以上3句具有以下特點:
1. A動作為延續(xù)性動詞;B動作為終止性動詞。
2. A動作用過去進行時;B動作用一般過去時。
3. A動作在先,B動作在后,位置不可互換。
4.當(dāng)并列句的主語相同時,第2句的主語可以省略。
以上3句,可以把并列連詞and去掉,轉(zhuǎn)換為以下兩種句式,意思保持不變:
?【句式一】
When he was opening a bottle of acid, he spilt some on his hands.
When I was wandering on th
4、e pavement, I found a wallet suddenly.
When Tom was reading a newspaper in his study, his sister came in.
以上3句,when 是從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時間從句,可以和主句交換位置,而意思保持不變。
【句式二】
He was opening a bottle of acid when he spilt some on his hands.
I was wandering on the pavement when I found a wallet suddenly.
Tom was reading a newspaper in his study when his sister came in.
以上3句,when 是并列連詞,表示“正在此時”(= and just then, and suddenly),when后面的句子不得提前。