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1、為什么并列分句翻譯成時(shí)間從句?
有網(wǎng)友問(wèn),英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有if,但翻譯中有“如果”。今天看到這樣一個(gè)句子:
Robert had an accident in the lab. He was opening a bottle of acid and he spilt some on her hands. 羅伯特在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里出了事故,他在打開(kāi)一瓶酸的時(shí)候,灑了一些在手上。
這個(gè)句子的翻譯用了“他在……的時(shí)候”,但英語(yǔ)句子并沒(méi)有表示類(lèi)似意思的連詞(如when, as, while等),也沒(méi)有表示類(lèi)似意思的介詞或其他短語(yǔ),這樣的翻譯屬于“意譯””吧。請(qǐng)專家老師再舉幾例說(shuō)明一下,讓學(xué)生體會(huì),非常感謝!
2、
好的??梢赃@樣理解:當(dāng)一個(gè)突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作B,與一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作A并列時(shí),這說(shuō)明B發(fā)生在A的過(guò)程中。在理解和翻譯時(shí),可以把A句視為時(shí)間從句,把B句視為主句。例如:
He was opening a bottle of acid and (he) spilt some on his hands.
他在打開(kāi)一瓶酸的時(shí)候,灑了一些在手上。
I was wandering on the pavement and (I) found a wallet suddenly.
我在人行道上徘徊時(shí),突然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)錢(qián)包。
Tom was reading a newspaper in his stu
3、dy and his sister came in.
湯姆正在書(shū)房看報(bào)時(shí),他妹妹進(jìn)來(lái)了。
以上3句具有以下特點(diǎn):
1. A動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;B動(dòng)作為終止性動(dòng)詞。
2. A動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);B動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
3. A動(dòng)作在先,B動(dòng)作在后,位置不可互換。
4.當(dāng)并列句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),第2句的主語(yǔ)可以省略。
以上3句,可以把并列連詞and去掉,轉(zhuǎn)換為以下兩種句式,意思保持不變:
?【句式一】
When he was opening a bottle of acid, he spilt some on his hands.
When I was wandering on th
4、e pavement, I found a wallet suddenly.
When Tom was reading a newspaper in his study, his sister came in.
以上3句,when 是從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句,可以和主句交換位置,而意思保持不變。
【句式二】
He was opening a bottle of acid when he spilt some on his hands.
I was wandering on the pavement when I found a wallet suddenly.
Tom was reading a newspaper in his study when his sister came in.
以上3句,when 是并列連詞,表示“正在此時(shí)”(= and just then, and suddenly),when后面的句子不得提前。