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沈陽工學院畢業(yè)設計說明書
摘 要
數(shù)控技術是制造業(yè)實現(xiàn)自動化、柔性化、集成化生產(chǎn)的基礎，現(xiàn)代的CAD/CAM、柔性制造系統(tǒng)、計算機集成制造系統(tǒng)等等，都是建立在數(shù)控技術基礎之上的。同時，數(shù)控技術也關系到國家戰(zhàn)略地位，是體現(xiàn)國家綜合國力水平的重要基礎性產(chǎn)業(yè)因素之一，其水平高低是衡量一個國家制造業(yè)現(xiàn)代化程度的核心標志。實現(xiàn)加工機床及生產(chǎn)過程數(shù)控化，已成為當今制造業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。推廣與應用數(shù)控技術是我國機械制造行業(yè)的一項重要的戰(zhàn)略任務。數(shù)控機床的生產(chǎn)準備的時間短，所制造的零件重復精度高，對改變零件設計的適用性強，夾具成本低，加工形狀復雜的零件時準確可靠。因此，數(shù)控機床在現(xiàn)階段以及以后的時間將占據(jù)重要地位。
本題目是數(shù)控車床CK6163的縱向進給系統(tǒng)設計。首先根據(jù)典型工藝數(shù)據(jù)，結合擬定參數(shù)，傳動方案的確定。對傳動系統(tǒng)主要結構進行設計，包括選擇滾珠絲杠螺母副和減速箱體的機構設計，從而完成整個進給系統(tǒng)機械結構的設計。然后，通過計算選擇步進電機，驅(qū)動滾珠絲杠運動，從而帶動工作臺運動。基于AT89C51對步進電機的控制系統(tǒng)設計，使電機實現(xiàn)正反轉(zhuǎn)，快速正反轉(zhuǎn)功能，保證對傳動系統(tǒng)的控制要求，從而完成整個進給系統(tǒng)的設計。
關鍵詞：數(shù)控機床；滾珠絲杠；步進電機；單片機
I
Abstract
Numerical control technique is the basic of automation, flexible, integrated, production in manufacturing, modern CAD/CAM, flexible manufacturing systems, computer integrated manufacturing systems are all built on the basic of numerical control technology. At the same time, numerical control technique is related to the strategic importance of a country and it is one of the important foundation industries to reflect the overall national strength of a country, the level of which is the core signs of measuring the modernization of a country’s manufacturing. The realization of the processing of CNC machine tools and production processes has become the development direction of the manufacturing. Popularizing and using numerical control technology is a strategic task in our mechanical manufacturing industry. NC machine tools, which can produce parts with high repeated precision and manufacture complex shape parts with reliability, need no more time to prepare, have more flexibility to alteration of parts, and clamping apparatuses of NC machine tools are very simple. Consequently, NC machine tools will play an important position in mechanical manufacturing at now and a period of time in the future.
The topic is the design of CK6163 vertical feed system. First of all, the solution of transmission will be determined according to the typical technological data and combined with the formulation parameters. Design the main structure of the transmission system, including choice the ball screw and design the structure of the slowdown box, so as to complete the design of mechanical structure of the whole system. Then, choice the stepping motor by calculating, drive the ball screw, which led campaign table. In order to complete the design of feeding system, design the control system of stepping motor based on AT89C51, so that the motor to achieve positive or negative rotating, rapid positive or negative rotating, ensure the control of the transmission system.
Key words: CNC machine tools；ball screw；stepping motor；single-chip
II
目錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 緒論 1
1.1 數(shù)控機床的發(fā)展歷史與現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2 發(fā)展數(shù)控機床的必要性 2
1.3 數(shù)控機床的結構與特點 2
1.4 數(shù)控機床的發(fā)展方向 5
2 設計任務與方案確定 7
2.1 設計任務 7
2.2 設計技術參數(shù) 7
2.3 總體方案的確定 7
3 機械傳動設計計算 8
3.1 計算內(nèi)容及步驟 8
3.2 滾珠絲杠設計計算 8
3.2.1 切削力的計算 8
3.2.2 滾珠絲杠螺母副的計算和選型 8
3.2.3 滾珠絲杠螺母副的驗算 10
3.3 步進電機的計算與選型 12
3.3.1 步進電機選型 12
3.3.2 傳動比的確定 13
3.3.3 轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的計算 13
3.3.4 步進電機轉(zhuǎn)矩校核 14
3.3.5 步進電機性能校核 15
3.4 滾珠絲杠的預緊和消隙 16
4 環(huán)保性與經(jīng)濟性分析 17
4.1 經(jīng)濟性分析 17
4.2 環(huán)保性分析 17
結論 19
參考文獻 20
致 謝 21
4