N402—1300型農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)履帶底盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)【履帶式行走底盤(pán)】【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD】

N402—1300型農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)履帶底盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)【履帶式行走底盤(pán)】【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD】,履帶式行走底盤(pán),說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD,N402—1300型農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)履帶底盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)【履帶式行走底盤(pán)】【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD】,n402,農(nóng)用,拖拉機(jī),履帶,底盤(pán),設(shè)計(jì),履帶式,行走,說(shuō)明書(shū),仿單,cad 附 錄A Dedicated fire engine chassis configuration of the market demand and program analysis Mahoney.G Through research that the market volume of fire, in 2002 2 800 2003 3 000 vehicles in 2005 is expected to reach 4 000. Market demand for the vehicles on fire in the main, mainly for heavy vehicles. One medium (containing the quality of 8 ~ 10 t) accounted for 40% of the total market, heavy trucks accounted for 60% of the total market and market share of heavy vehicles a rapid upward trend. From the regional market, the domestic medium-sized southern region the use of fire engines, to occupy a market share of 60%, 30% heavy vehicles, and the remaining 10% of the basic 5 t for the following vehicles; the northern region accounts for 50% of medium-sized vehicles,40% of heavy vehicles, and the remaining 5 t for the following vehicles. Existing market structure fire in the cab, more a 4 door double cab seat, representing about 80% of the total market. However, products currently cab chassis is generally flat or semi-exclusive single-row, manufacturers of fire engines are hand-completed restructuring of the double cab, the interior after the reform with the original vehicle interior is not well unified. Configuration analysis of market demand (1) Cab: Request for two-row, four door, back door and the front door using the same two time as much as possible to wide, usually 800 mm ~ 850 mm, in order to fast access to the members. At the same time, the crew requested that the second row seat is reserved space for installation of air-breathing apparatus, that is, away from the door after the hoardings column 200 mm ~ 230 mm. Crew of 4 to 6 people. Indoor driving force control access to configuration control and configuration of hydraulic double flip device driver. (2) Engine: Model of the general requirements for engine power 157 ~ 172 kW; heavy vehicle engine power requirements for the 209 ~ 261 kW. To the whole engine with governor, at the same time in line with the European Ⅱ emission standard. (3) check of Power: Request for the sandwich-type configuration check our full power, and the output speed of about 3 000 rpm, the engine rotation to the same ratio to the specific requirements of fire pumps in accordance with the choice. Power output flange from the center is to be located in the center line of the location of the frame, the center distance of the frame on the plane about 160 mm. (4) fuel tank, reservoir pump and air filter arrangement of requirements: the requirements of small volume fuel tank, 180 ~ 200 L capacity, Drum. Reserve pump beam at the inside of the requirements for easy layout modification. Vertical space requirements of the installation of filters on the cab back, ease of maintenance and installation, at the same time, to meet the larger frame length can be used. (5) Wheelbase: medium requested about 4 500 mm wheelbase, wheelbase requirement for heavy vehicles in the 4 200 mm ~ 4 500 mm (+ 1 350 mm). Existing resources and analysis of the situation (1) as a result of a fire engine chassis require more personalized, two-row seat cab chassis plant in general very difficult to accomplish, most of the existing manual system used to complete the cost of the basic restructuring of the 111 million. (2) typically selected from edge Qinchuan Gear Factory in Shaanxi Province and part of a fire engine manufacturers to develop their full power from the power device. Model of Power in price from 0.17 million yuan in about heavy vehicles access prices of Power 113 ~ 115 million. (3) are the installation of chassis imported fire engines from full power force, and made only Chongqing Isuzu chassis supporting the development of power from full power, and not to install. Domestic market demand for fire engines are about 3 000 per year. How to give full play to the advantages of Chinese-made chassis, revitalize national industry, vigorously develop the domestic fire engines, each chassis manufacturers should pay attention to the issue, otherwise, continuing influx of foreign brands in today, we will lose this part of the conversion of their own car market. Domestic and foreign production of foam fire engines used to provide the vehicle manufacturer General Motors chassis II. Its dedicated power devices include access, and water tank foam, equipment boxes, pumping stations, fire pumps, vacuum pumps, the proportion of mixed foam and fire guns and other devices of its working principle is: through the power device from the vehicle chassis engine power output and by a gear-driven fire pump through the fire pump and foam mixing ratio of water and foam device according to a certain percentage of mixed, and then by the gun fire and fire-fighting foam extinguishing gun smoke. Therefore, the request must meet certain chassis and engine power of the load. At present, national standards have been developed, based on the chassis selected GB6244286 "generic fire engine chassis series, type, the basic parameters and technical requirements" of the national standards for selection, according to industry standards GA3915292 "General technical requirements foam fire engine," the requirements of Appendix A choice of engines power to meet its requirements. Power output device Domestic use of foam fire engines from the main vehicle engine power means taking power device layout can take many forms, and heavy-duty foam fire engines currently in use are placed in power will take the main transmission between the clutch and get the sandwich-type force device (front-transmission) and check power transmission shaft (rear-mounted transmission) in two forms. Check the use of sandwich-type main engine power will take out the power transmitted by the drive system of pumps, pump-driven operation, can achieve double-action feature. At present, most of the use of this form. Water - foam tank Water - foam tank foam fire extinguishing agent fire engines on the loading of the main container, in accordance with the development of the industry can fire a variety of materials, on behalf of the last century the use of glass fiber reinforced polyester material, now that the application of the progressive development of high-quality carbon steel materials and stainless steel materials. Equipment boxes The use of equipment boxes welded steel frame structure, with enough aluminum alloy or steel plate. In recent years, the equipment layout of the internal structure of box can be divided into four types: fixed-delimited file type, that is, separated by files of various framework is fixed, non-regulation; activities separated by file type, that is separated from the framework of the production of aluminum alloy profiles located within the Des pattern plate, adjustable interval; sliding drawer type, that is, the production of push-pull drawer for easy access to the form of equipment, but the production of more complex; rotating frame, the separation of file system is about to make a small rotating equipment can be separated files, foreign The import of this form of use of fire engines. At present, the new models made use of the integrated use of four forms, Structured according to the actual layout. Fire pump At present, the foam fire engine fire pump configuration can be broadly classified into three categories: pressure pump (low pressure pump), or single-stage centrifugal pump, such as BS30, BS60, BS40, R100 (imported), etc.; in the combination of low pressure fire pumps, multi-stage centrifugal pump. If 20110/20 140,20110 / 30 160,20110 / 35170, KSP1000 (imported), etc.; high and low pressure pump, such as the NH20, NH30 (imports), 40110 / 6 130 and so on. Equipped with fire pumps in the home and post the minutes. Pumping Station Pumping station and equipment, like me, more than just type the framework for the whole welded structure, in addition to placement outside the fire pump, general pump is also available with space-related equipment in order to operate the fire department. Keyword: Fire engines; chassis; market demand 附 錄B 消防車(chē)專(zhuān)用底盤(pán)的市場(chǎng)需求 及配置方案分析 Mahoney.G 經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)研了解到,消防車(chē)輛的市場(chǎng)總量,2002 年為2 800輛,2003 年3 000輛,預(yù)計(jì)2005 年將達(dá)到4 000輛。市場(chǎng)對(duì)消防車(chē)輛的需求主要以中、重型車(chē)輛為主。其中中型車(chē)(載質(zhì)量8～10 t) 占市場(chǎng)總量的40 % ,重型車(chē)占市場(chǎng)總量的60 % ,并且重型車(chē)的市場(chǎng)份額呈現(xiàn)迅速上升的趨勢(shì)。從區(qū)域市場(chǎng)來(lái)看,國(guó)內(nèi)南方地區(qū)中型消防車(chē)的使用,占據(jù)市場(chǎng)份額達(dá)60 % ,重型車(chē)輛占30 % ,其余10 %基本為5 t 以下的車(chē)輛;北方地區(qū)中型車(chē)輛占50 % ,重型車(chē)占40 % ,其余為5 t 以下的車(chē)輛?，F(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)消防車(chē)輛的駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu),較多地采用4開(kāi)門(mén)雙排座駕駛室,約占市場(chǎng)總量的80 %。但目前國(guó)內(nèi)底盤(pán)產(chǎn)品的駕駛室一般為平頭排半或單排,消防車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠家均采用手工完成雙排駕駛室的改制,改制后的內(nèi)飾不能與原車(chē)內(nèi)飾很好地統(tǒng)一。 市場(chǎng)需求配置分析 (1) 駕駛室:要求雙排、四開(kāi)門(mén),后門(mén)采用與前門(mén)一樣的2 級(jí)踏步,盡量要寬,一般為800 mm～850 mm ,以便成員快速進(jìn)出。同時(shí)要求在第二排乘員座位后預(yù)留安裝空氣呼吸器的空間, 即后圍板距離門(mén)立柱200 mm～230 mm。乘員4～6 人。駕駛室內(nèi)要配置取力控制操縱機(jī)構(gòu)及配置雙缸液壓駕駛室翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置。 (2) 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī):中型車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率一般要求為157～172 kW;重型車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率要求為209～261 kW。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)要配全程調(diào)速器,同時(shí)符合歐Ⅱ排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 (3) 取力器:要求配置夾心式全功率取力器,輸出轉(zhuǎn)速3 000 rpm 左右,旋向與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一致,具體速比可按照消防泵的要求選擇。取力器輸出法蘭中心要位于車(chē)架中心線位置,中心距車(chē)架上平面160 mm 左右。 (4) 油箱、儲(chǔ)氣筒、空濾器的布置要求:油箱要求小容積,180～200 L 容量,筒式。儲(chǔ)氣筒要求置于大梁內(nèi)側(cè),便于改裝布置?？諡V器要求立式安裝于駕駛室后部,便于維修和安裝,同時(shí),最大限度地滿(mǎn)足車(chē)架較大的可利用長(zhǎng)度。 (5) 軸距:中型車(chē)要求軸距4 500 mm 左右,重型車(chē)要求軸距在4 200 mm～4 500 mm( + 1 350 mm) 。 現(xiàn)有資源的狀況及分析 (1) 由于消防車(chē)底盤(pán)的個(gè)性化要求較多,駕駛室雙排座一般底盤(pán)廠很難完成,目前大多數(shù)采用手工改制完成,改制成本基本在111 萬(wàn)元左右。 (2) 取力器一般選用陜西秦川齒輪傳動(dòng)廠及部分消防車(chē)廠家自已研制的全功率取力器。中型車(chē)取力器價(jià)格在017 萬(wàn)元左右,重型車(chē)取力器價(jià)格在113～115萬(wàn)元左右。 (3) 進(jìn)口消防車(chē)底盤(pán)均加裝全功率取力器,國(guó)產(chǎn)底盤(pán)僅有重慶五十鈴配套開(kāi)發(fā)全功率取力器,但未加裝。 開(kāi)發(fā)建議 國(guó)產(chǎn)消防車(chē)的市場(chǎng)需求均在每年3 000輛左右。如何充分發(fā)揮國(guó)產(chǎn)底盤(pán)的優(yōu)勢(shì),振興民族工業(yè),大力發(fā)展國(guó)產(chǎn)消防車(chē),是每個(gè)底盤(pán)生產(chǎn)廠家應(yīng)該關(guān)注的問(wèn)題,否則,在國(guó)外品牌不斷涌進(jìn)的今天,我們將喪失本該屬于自己的一部分改裝車(chē)市場(chǎng)。 國(guó)內(nèi)外生產(chǎn)的泡沫消防車(chē)多采用整車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠家提供的二類(lèi)通用汽車(chē)底盤(pán)。其專(zhuān)用裝置主要包括取力器、水泡沫液罐、器材箱、泵房、消防泵、真空泵、泡沫比例混合裝置及消防槍炮等其工作原理是:通過(guò)取力裝置將汽車(chē)底盤(pán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力輸出,并經(jīng)一套傳動(dòng)裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)消防泵工作,通過(guò)消防泵、泡沫比例混合裝置將水和泡沫按一定比例混合,再經(jīng)消防炮和泡沫滅火槍噴出滅火。因此,要求汽車(chē)底盤(pán)必須滿(mǎn)足一定的載重量和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率。目前已制定了國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 底盤(pán)選用根據(jù)GB6244286《消防車(chē)通用底盤(pán)系列、型式、基本參數(shù)和技術(shù)要求》的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選用,根據(jù)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GA3915292《泡沫消防車(chē)通用技術(shù)條件》附錄A 的要求選用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的功率必須滿(mǎn)足其規(guī)定要求。 動(dòng)力輸出裝置 國(guó)產(chǎn)泡沫消防車(chē)多采用主車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)取力方式,取力器布置方式可有多種形式,而目前中重型泡沫消防車(chē)多采用將取力器置于主離合器和變速器之間的夾心式取力器(變速器前置式) 和傳動(dòng)軸取力(變速器后置式) 兩種形式。采用夾心式取力器將主發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力取出經(jīng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)傳到水泵,驅(qū)動(dòng)水泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)雙動(dòng)功能。目前大多采用此種形式。 水—泡沫罐體 水—泡沫罐體是泡沫消防車(chē)上裝載滅火劑的主要容器,根據(jù)消防行業(yè)的發(fā)展可采用多種材料制作,上世紀(jì)八九十年代多采用聚酯玻璃鋼材料,現(xiàn)在逐步發(fā)展到采用優(yōu)質(zhì)碳鋼材料及不銹鋼材料制作。 器材箱 器材箱多采用鋼框架焊接結(jié)構(gòu),內(nèi)敷全鋁合金板或鋼板。近年來(lái),器材箱內(nèi)部的布置結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為四種:固定分隔檔式,即各個(gè)分隔檔框架是固定式的,不可調(diào)節(jié);活動(dòng)分隔檔式,即分隔框架由鋁合金型材制作內(nèi)輔設(shè)花紋鋁板,可調(diào)節(jié)間隔; 推拉抽屜式,即制作為推拉式的抽屜形式便于取用器材,但制作比較復(fù)雜;旋轉(zhuǎn)架式,即將各分隔檔制做成可旋轉(zhuǎn)的小型器材隔檔,國(guó)外的進(jìn)口消防車(chē)多采用這種形式。目前國(guó)產(chǎn)的新車(chē)型多采用四種形式綜合使用,按實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)合理布置。 消防泵 目前國(guó)內(nèi)泡沫消防車(chē)所配置的消防泵大致可分為三類(lèi):常壓泵(低壓泵) ,即單級(jí)離心泵,如BS30、BS60、BS40、R100(進(jìn)口) 等;中低壓組合消防泵,多級(jí)離心泵。如20110/20 140、20110/30 160、20110/35170、KSP1000(進(jìn)口) 等;高低壓泵,如NH20、NH30(進(jìn)口) 、40110/6 130 等。消防泵的配置有中置和后置之分。 泵房 泵房和器材箱一樣,多為全剛式框架焊接結(jié)構(gòu),除了置放消防泵以外,一般也有放置與泵相關(guān)的器材空間,以便消防隊(duì)員操作。 關(guān)鍵詞：消防車(chē); 底盤(pán); 市場(chǎng)需求 - 40