單級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器設(shè)計(jì)
單級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器設(shè)計(jì),單級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器設(shè)計(jì),圓柱齒輪,減速器,設(shè)計(jì)
目 錄
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)劃任務(wù)書(shū) ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎1
傳動(dòng)方案說(shuō)明﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎2
電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎3
傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎5
傳動(dòng)件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎6
軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎8
聯(lián)軸器的選擇﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎10
滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇及計(jì)算﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎13
鍵聯(lián)接的選擇及校核計(jì)算﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎14
減速器附件的選擇﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎15
潤(rùn)滑與密封﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎16
設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎16
參考資料﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎16
1
1.擬定傳動(dòng)方案
為了估計(jì)傳動(dòng)裝置的總傳動(dòng)比范圍，以便選擇合適的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)和傳動(dòng)方案，可先由已知條件計(jì)算其驅(qū)動(dòng)卷筒的轉(zhuǎn)速nw,即
v=1.1m/s;D=350mm;
nw=60*1000*v/(∏*D)=60*1000*1.1/(3.14*350)
一般常選用同步轉(zhuǎn)速為１０００r/min或１５００r/min的電動(dòng)機(jī)作為原動(dòng)機(jī)，因此傳動(dòng)裝置總傳動(dòng)比約為１7或25。
2.選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)
１）電動(dòng)機(jī)類(lèi)型和結(jié)構(gòu)形式
按工作要求和工作條件，選用一般用途的Ｙ（ＩＰ４４）系列三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)。它為臥式封閉結(jié)構(gòu)。
２）電動(dòng)機(jī)容量
（１）卷筒軸的輸出功率Ｐｗ
F=2800r/min;
Pw=F*v/1000=2800*1.1/1000
(2)電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出功率Pd
Pd=Pw/t
傳動(dòng)裝置的總效率 t=t1*t2^2*t3*t4*t5
式中，t1,t2,…為從電動(dòng)機(jī)到卷筒之間的各傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)和軸承的效率。由表２－４查得：
彈性聯(lián)軸器 1個(gè)
t4=0.99;
滾動(dòng)軸承 2對(duì)
t2=0.99;
圓柱齒輪閉式 1對(duì)
t3=0.97;
V帶開(kāi)式傳動(dòng) 1幅
t1=0.95;
卷筒軸滑動(dòng)軸承潤(rùn)滑良好 1對(duì)
t5=0.98;
則
t=t1*t2^2*t3*t4*t5=0.95*0.99^2*0.97*0.99*0.98＝0.8762
故
Pd=Pw/t=3.08/0.8762
（３）電動(dòng)機(jī)額定功率Ped
由第二十章表２０－１選取電動(dòng)機(jī)額定功率ped=4KW。
3）電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速
為了便于選擇電動(dòng)事，先推算電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的可選范圍。由表２－１查得V帶傳動(dòng)常用傳動(dòng)比范圍2~4，單級(jí)圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)比范圍3~6，
可選電動(dòng)機(jī)的最小轉(zhuǎn)速
Nmin=nw*6=60.0241*6=360.1449r/min
可選電動(dòng)機(jī)的最大轉(zhuǎn)速
Nmin=nw*24=60.0241*24=1440.6 r/min
同步轉(zhuǎn)速為960r/min
選定電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)為Ｙ１32Ｍ1－６。
４）電動(dòng)機(jī)的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)和外形、安裝尺寸
由表２０－１、表２０－２查出Ｙ１32Ｍ1－６型電動(dòng)機(jī)的方根技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)和
外形、安裝尺寸，并列表刻錄備用。
電機(jī)型號(hào)
額定功率
同步轉(zhuǎn)速
滿載轉(zhuǎn)速
電機(jī)質(zhì)量
軸徑mm
Y132M1-6
4Kw
1000
960
73
28
大齒輪數(shù)比小齒輪數(shù)=101/19=5.3158
３．計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置總傳動(dòng)比和分配各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比
１）傳動(dòng)裝置總傳動(dòng)比
nm=960r/min;
i=nm/nw=960/60.0241=15.9936
２）分配各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比
取V帶傳動(dòng)比為
i1=3;
則單級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器比為
i2=i/i1=15.9936/3=5.3312
所得i2值符合一般圓柱齒輪和單級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器傳動(dòng)比的常用范圍。
４．計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)
１）各軸轉(zhuǎn)速
電動(dòng)機(jī)軸為０軸，減速器高速軸為Ⅰ軸，低速軸為Ⅱ軸，各軸轉(zhuǎn)速為
n0=nm;
n1=n0/i1=60.0241/3=320r/min
n2=n1/i2=320/5.3312=60.0241r/min
２）各軸輸入功率
按機(jī)器的輸出功率Pd計(jì)算各軸輸入功率，即
P0=Ped=4kw
軸I 的功率
P1=P0*t1=4*0.95=3.8kw
軸II功率
P2=P1*t2*t3=3.8*0.99*0.97=3.6491kw
３）各軸轉(zhuǎn)矩
T0=9550*P0/n0=9550*4/960=39.7917 Nm
T1=9550*P1/n1=9550*3.8/320=113.4063 Nm
T2=9550*P2/n2=9550*3.6491/60.0241=580.5878 Nm
二、設(shè)計(jì)帶輪
1、計(jì)算功率
P=Ped=4Kw
一班制，工作８小時(shí)，載荷平穩(wěn)，原動(dòng)機(jī)為籠型交流電動(dòng)機(jī)
查課本表８－１０，得KA=1.1;
計(jì)算功率
Pc=KA*P=1.1*4＝4.4kw
2選擇普通Ｖ帶型號(hào)
n0 =960r/min
根據(jù)Pc=4.4Kw，n0=960r/min,由圖13-15（205頁(yè)）查得坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)位于A型
d1=80~100
３、確定帶輪基準(zhǔn)直徑
表８－１１及推薦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
小輪直徑
d1=100mm;
大輪直徑
d2=d1*3.5=100*3.5=350mm
取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件
d2=355mm;
4、驗(yàn)算帶速
驗(yàn)算帶速
v=∏*d1*n0/60000=3.14*100*960/60000=5.0265m/s
在5~25m/s范圍內(nèi)
從動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)速
n22=n0*d1/d2=960*100/355=270.4225m/s
n21=n0/3.5=960/3.5=274.2857m/s
從動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)速誤差=(n22-n21)/n21=270.4225-274.2857/274.2857
=-0.0141
5、V帶基準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度和中心距
初定中心距
中心距的范圍
amin=0.75*(d1+d2)=0.75*(100+355)=341.2500mm
amax=0.8*(d1+d2)=0.8*(100+355)=364mm
a0=350mm;
初算帶長(zhǎng)
Lc=2*a0+pi*(d1+d2)/2+(d2-d1)^2/4/a0
Lc = 1461.2mm
選定基準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度
表8-7,表8-8查得
Ld=1600mm;
定中心距
a0+(Ld-Lc)/2=(1600-1461.3)/2=419.4206mm
a=420mm;
amin=a-0.015*Ld=420-0.015*1600=396mm
amax=a+0.03*Ld=420+0.03*1600=468mm
6、驗(yàn)算小帶輪包角
驗(yàn)算包角
＝180-(d2-d1)*57.3/a=180-(355-100)*57.3/a
145.2107 >120度 故合格
7、求V帶根數(shù)Z
由式（13-15）得
查得 n1=960r/min , d1=120mm
查表13-3 P0=0.95
由式13-9得傳動(dòng)比
i=d2/(d1(1+0.0141)=350/(100*(1+0.0141)=3.5
查表（13-4）得
由包角145.21度
查表13-5得Ka=0.92
KL=0.99
z=4.4/((0.95+0.05)*0.92*0.99)=3
8、作用在帶上的壓力F
查表13-1得q=0.10
故由13-17得單根V帶初拉力
三、軸
初做軸直徑：
軸I和軸II選用45#鋼 c=110
d1=110*（3.8/320）^(1/3)=25.096mm
取d1=28mm
d2=110*(3.65/60)^（1/3）=43.262mm
由于d2與聯(lián)軸器聯(lián)接，且聯(lián)軸器為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件，由軸II扭矩，查162頁(yè)表
取YL10YLd10聯(lián)軸器
Tn=630>580.5878Nm 軸II直徑與聯(lián)軸器內(nèi)孔一致
取d2=45mm
四、齒輪
1、齒輪強(qiáng)度
由n2=320r/min,P=3.8Kw,i=3
采用軟齒面，小齒輪40MnB調(diào)質(zhì)，齒面硬度為260HBS，大齒輪用ZG35SiMn調(diào)質(zhì)齒面硬度為225HBS。
因，
SH1=1.1， SH2=1.1
，
，
因：，，SF=1.3
所以
2、按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)
設(shè)齒輪按9級(jí)精度制造。取載荷系數(shù)K=1.5，齒寬系數(shù)
小齒輪上的轉(zhuǎn)矩
按 計(jì)算中心距
u=i=5.333
mm
齒數(shù)z1=19,則z2=z1*5.333=101
模數(shù)m=2a/(z1+z2)=2.0667 取模數(shù)m＝2.5
確定中心矩a=m(z1+z1)/2=150mm
齒寬b=
b1=70mm,b2=60mm
3、驗(yàn)算彎曲強(qiáng)度
齒形系數(shù)YF1=2.57，YF2=2.18
按式（11-8）輪齒彎曲強(qiáng)度
4、齒輪圓周速度
按162頁(yè)表11-2應(yīng)選9做精度。與初選一致。
五、軸校核：
圓周力Ft=2T/d1
徑向力Fr=Ft*tan =20度 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力角
d=mz=2.5*101=252.5mm
Ft=2T/d1=2*104.79/252.5=5852.5N
Fr=5852.5*tan20=2031.9N
1、求垂直面的支承壓力Fr1,Fr2
由Fr2*L-Fr*L/2=0
得Fr2=Fr/2=1015.9N
2、求水平平面的支承力
FH1=FH2=Ft/2=2791.2N
3、畫(huà)垂直面彎矩圖
L=40/2+40/2+90＋10=140mm
Mav＝Fr2*L/2＝1015.9*140/2=71.113Nm
4、畫(huà)水平面彎矩圖
MaH=FH*L/2=2791.2*140/2=195.384Nm
5、求合成彎矩圖
6、求軸傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩
T=Ft*d2/2=2791.2*2.5*101/2=352.389Nm
7、求危險(xiǎn)截面的當(dāng)量彎矩
從圖可見(jiàn)a-a截面是最危險(xiǎn)截面，其當(dāng)量彎矩為
軸的扭切應(yīng)力是脈動(dòng)循環(huán)應(yīng)力
取折合系數(shù)a=0.6代入上式可得
8、計(jì)算危險(xiǎn)截面處軸的直徑
軸的材料，用45#鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，由表14-1查得
由表13-3查得許用彎曲應(yīng)力，
所以
考慮到鍵槽對(duì)軸的削弱，將軸的最小危險(xiǎn)直徑d加4%。
故d=1.04*25.4=26.42mm
由實(shí)際最小直徑d=40mm,大于危險(xiǎn)直徑
所以此軸選d=40mm,安全
六、軸承的選擇
由于無(wú)軸向載荷，所以應(yīng)選深溝球軸承6000系列
徑向載荷Fr=2031.9N，兩個(gè)軸承支撐，F(xiàn)r1=2031.9/2＝1015.9N
工作時(shí)間Lh＝3*365*8=8760（小時(shí)）
因?yàn)榇笮奁谌?，可更換一次軸承
所以取三年
由公式
式中 fp=1.1,P=Fr1=1015.9N,ft=1 (工作環(huán)境溫度不高)
（深溝球軸承系列）
由附表選6207型軸承
七、鍵的選擇
選普通平鍵A型
由表10-9按最小直徑計(jì)算，最薄的齒輪計(jì)算
b=14mm,h=9mm,L=80mm,d=40mm
由公式
所以
選變通平鍵，鑄鐵鍵
所以齒輪與軸的聯(lián)接中可采用此平鍵。
八、減速器附件的選擇
1、通氣器：
由于在外界使用，有粉塵，選用通氣室采用M181.5
2、油面指示器：
選用油標(biāo)尺，規(guī)格M16
3、起吊裝置：采用箱蓋吊耳，箱座吊耳
4、放油螺塞：選用外六角細(xì)牙螺塞及墊片M161.5
5、窺視孔及視孔蓋
選用板結(jié)構(gòu)的視孔蓋
九、潤(rùn)滑與密封：
1、齒輪的潤(rùn)滑：采用浸油潤(rùn)滑，由于低速級(jí)大齒輪的速度為：
查《課程設(shè)計(jì)》P19表3-3大齒輪浸油深度為六分之一大齒輪半徑，所以取浸油深度為30mm。
2、滾動(dòng)軸承的潤(rùn)滑
采用飛濺潤(rùn)滑在箱座凸緣面上開(kāi)設(shè)導(dǎo)油溝，并設(shè)擋油盤(pán)，以防止軸承旁齒輪嚙合時(shí)，所擠出的熱油濺入軸承內(nèi)部，增加軸承的阻力。
3、潤(rùn)滑油的選擇
齒輪與軸承用同種潤(rùn)滑油較為便利，考慮到該裝置用于小型設(shè)備選用
L-AN15潤(rùn)滑油
4、密封方式選?。?
選用凸緣式端蓋，易于調(diào)整軸承間隙，采用端蓋安裝氈圈油封實(shí)現(xiàn)密封。
軸承蓋結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸按用其定位的軸承外徑?jīng)Q定。
設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)：
二、課程設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)
設(shè)計(jì)中運(yùn)用了Matlab科學(xué)工程計(jì)算軟件，用notebook命令調(diào)用MS—Word來(lái)完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)及設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中用了機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)2.0 軟件版輔助進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，翻閱了學(xué)過(guò)的各種關(guān)于力學(xué)，制圖，公差方面的書(shū)籍，綜合運(yùn)用了這些知識(shí)，感覺(jué)提高許多，當(dāng)然尤其是在計(jì)算機(jī)軟件CAD 方面的運(yùn)用，深切感到計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)給設(shè)計(jì)人員帶來(lái)的方便，各種設(shè)計(jì)，計(jì)算，制圖全套完成。
由于沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，第一次做整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)工作，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤比如線形，制圖規(guī)格，零件設(shè)計(jì)中的微小計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤等都沒(méi)有更正，設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)的排版也比較混亂等等。對(duì)圖層，線形不熟悉甚至就不確定自己畫(huà)出的線，在出圖到圖紙上時(shí)實(shí)際上是什么樣子都不知道 ，對(duì)于各種線寬度，沒(méi)有實(shí)際的概念。再比如標(biāo)注較混亂，還是因?yàn)榈谝淮巫稣麄€(gè)設(shè)計(jì)工作，沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不熟悉。
這次設(shè)計(jì)的目的是掌握機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)律，綜合運(yùn)用學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，繪圖以及運(yùn)用技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)等有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)資料進(jìn)行全面的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)技能訓(xùn)練。目的已經(jīng)達(dá)到，有許多要求、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)心中雖然明確理解掌握但是要全力，全面的應(yīng)用在實(shí)際中，還有待于提高水平。
雖然它可能不是良好、優(yōu)秀，但是既然教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)、課程設(shè)計(jì)目的已經(jīng)達(dá)到，那么這次設(shè)計(jì)做的就是完全合格的。當(dāng)然還受軟件的熟悉，運(yùn)用程度的影響，所有這些必須得參加實(shí)踐，接觸實(shí)際工程設(shè)計(jì)中才能提高。帶輪，齒輪，軸，軸承這些關(guān)鍵的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算都達(dá)到合格，并且用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)2.0 軟件版的驗(yàn)證了。
通過(guò)這次課程設(shè)計(jì)，感到機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)綜合了力學(xué)，公差，材料，制圖等學(xué)科的知識(shí)，要好了這些功課，才能做好機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)。
參考資料：
《工程力學(xué)》，《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)》，《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)》，《互換性技術(shù)與測(cè)量》，《機(jī)械制圖》
Nw=60.0241r/min
Pw=3.08Kw
效率t=0.8762
Pd = 3.5150
Ped=4Kw
i=15.9936
i1=3
i2=5.3312
n0=960r/min
n1=320r/min
n2=60.0241r/min
P0=4Kw
P1=3.8Kw
P2=3.6491Kw
T0=39.7917Nm
T1=113.4063Nm
T2=589.5878Nm
KA=1.1
Pc=4.4Kw
d1=100mm
d2=355mm
初定中心距
a0=350mm
Lc=1461.3mm
Ld=1600mm
中心距
a=420mm
z=3根
預(yù)緊力
FQ＝274.3N
d1=28mm
d2=45mm
YL10YLd10
T1=113.4063Nm
m=2.5
a=150mm
=20度
Ft=5582.5N
Fr=2031.9N
FH1=FH2=2791.2N
Mav=71.113Nm
MaH=195.38Nm
Ma＝216.16Nm
Me=457.15Nm
Fr1=1015.9N
Lh=8760小時(shí)
6207型
bhL=14980
19
編號(hào)
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目：?jiǎn)渭?jí)減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋工藝工裝設(shè)計(jì)
機(jī)電 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923199
學(xué)生姓名： 張亞?wèn)|
指導(dǎo)教師： 鮑虹蘇（職稱：高工 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目：?jiǎn)渭?jí)減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋工藝工裝設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923199
學(xué)生姓名： 張亞?wèn)|
指導(dǎo)教師： 鮑虹蘇 （ 職稱：高工）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月24日
課題來(lái)源
機(jī)械制造業(yè)是一個(gè)國(guó)家最基礎(chǔ)的行業(yè)，也決定了一個(gè)國(guó)家制造業(yè)的整體水平現(xiàn)在中國(guó)已經(jīng)是一個(gè)制造大國(guó)，中國(guó)的制造業(yè)規(guī)模已經(jīng)達(dá)到世界第四位，僅次于美國(guó)、日本和德國(guó)。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
本設(shè)計(jì)是針對(duì)減速機(jī)箱體工藝的制作，主要研究的是減速機(jī)箱蓋的工藝過(guò)程、減速機(jī)的底座的工藝過(guò)程、減速機(jī)箱體合裝后的工藝過(guò)程以及對(duì)該技術(shù)的測(cè)試和其實(shí)用性的研究。并由此做出了對(duì)現(xiàn)行的減速機(jī)的箱體的改造和進(jìn)一步的完善。在這次的箱體工藝制造中，對(duì)一些主要程序比如說(shuō)結(jié)合面聯(lián)接孔、鉆頂面螺紋底孔、攻螺紋、鉆側(cè)面測(cè)油孔、放油孔、螺紋底孔、沉孔、攻螺紋 等的研究。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)
1） 設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)中等復(fù)雜的零件的加工工藝規(guī)程；
2） 設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)專用夾具；
3） 編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。
根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)做出減速機(jī)箱的基本設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)
1）繪制零件工件圖一張；
2）繪制毛坯—零件合圖一張；
3）編制機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程卡片一套；
4）編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份；
5）收集和研究原始資料，為夾具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)做好技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備。
6）初步擬定夾具結(jié)構(gòu)方案，繪制夾具結(jié)構(gòu)草圖，進(jìn)行必要的理論計(jì)算和分析。
選擇最佳的夾具結(jié)構(gòu)方案，確定夾具精度和夾具總圖尺寸、公差配合與技術(shù)要求。
7） 繪制夾具總圖和主要非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件零件圖，編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。
8）編制夾具特殊使用維護(hù)、操作、制造方面的說(shuō)明或技術(shù)要求。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年12月25日：按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告書(shū)。
2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告。
2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：設(shè)計(jì)減速機(jī)箱體和箱蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)并畫(huà)出相關(guān)草圖
2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：完善設(shè)計(jì)所需的各種零件圖、夾具圖，并對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理，做好撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)論文的準(zhǔn)備。
2013年4月26日-2013年5月20日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫(xiě)和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
機(jī)械制造技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)是培養(yǎng)機(jī)械工程類(lèi)專業(yè)學(xué)生應(yīng)職應(yīng)崗能力的重要實(shí)踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，它要求學(xué)生能全面綜合地運(yùn)用所學(xué)的理論和實(shí)踐知識(shí)，進(jìn)行零件機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程和工藝裝備的設(shè)計(jì)。其基本目的是：
1） 培養(yǎng)工程意識(shí)。
2） 訓(xùn)練基本技能。
3） 培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量意識(shí)。
4） 培養(yǎng)規(guī)范意識(shí)。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
1、 設(shè)計(jì)了一副可以多方面加工的夾具，減少了原材料的應(yīng)用和所需的工時(shí)。
2、 設(shè)計(jì)了多種加工方案，并對(duì)其比較，選出最佳方案。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題
1、一是對(duì)鏜床的不熟悉，二是在公差與配合方面的知識(shí)所學(xué)較少。
2、學(xué)院圖書(shū)館相關(guān)資料有限，并且很多資料不外借處學(xué)校，設(shè)計(jì)此項(xiàng)目任務(wù)重工作量大物力條件有限以及經(jīng)濟(jì)上的原因造成難以落實(shí)原材料加工出成品
3、經(jīng)過(guò)努力，設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到了預(yù)想的成功，由于條件的限制沒(méi)能加工出成品，但對(duì)于我自己來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)學(xué)到了不少東西。
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
2011年 11 月 20 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見(jiàn)
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見(jiàn)
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Mineral product monorail reduction gear synopsis
First:what is reducer
Reducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions.
The reducer role
1) velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer.
2) the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia.
?????????? The type of reducer
General helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines.
???????? Common reducer
1) worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high.
2) Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input.
3) planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly
1. Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint, box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host).
2. Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants
Second, the requirements of installation and adjustment
1. Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet. 2. Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance
3. Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth.
4. Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4
Third, seal requirements
1. Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal;
2. Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface;
3. Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements
Forth, lubrication requirements
1. Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades
2. Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3.
3. Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 ~ 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil.
Fifth, the test requirements
1. Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours;
2. Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC, bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC, bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC;
3. Entire testing process for the smooth operation, noise, not loosening the fixed link, sealed, not with the
Sixth, packaging and transportation requirements
1. Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging;
2. Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements.
Seventh. Technical requirements
1. Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice;
2. Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times;
3. Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts;
4. Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: φ40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, φ55 0.08 - 0.15 mm;
5. Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler;
6. Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height;
Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation
First, the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive, the worm drive primarily, but has the power and the load ratio generally is small, or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question.Moreover, in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness, the large-scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent, the service life is not long.The domestic use large-scale reduction gear (above 500kw), many from overseas (for example Denmark, Germany and so on) imports The 60's start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission, cycloid pin gear transmission, overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big, volume small, mechanical efficiency higher merit? .But its transmission theory limit, cannot transmit the oversized power, the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw. Because in the transmission theoretically, the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through, therefore, has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way, the velocity ratio big, the volume small, the weight light, mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically.The 90's initial period, the home appears three links (gear) the reduction gear, is one kind of outside stable motion gear drive reduction gear, it may realize the great velocity ratio, transmission load ability is also big. Its volume and the weight are all lighter than the dead axle speed reducer gear, the structure is simple, the efficiency is also high.Because this reduction gear three axle parallel structure, therefore caused the power/volume (or weight) the ratio is still small.Also its input axis and the output shaft on the identical spool thread, this do not have in the use many inconveniently. Not only Beijing Institute of Technology develops in successful " stable motion speed reducer gear " to have outside three link reduction gear merit, but also has the big power/weight (or volume) the ratio, as well as the input axis and the output shaft on identical spool thread merit, is at the domestic leading position.The home has the minority college and the factory and mining enterprise does the research work to in stable motion gear drive certain principles, has published some research paper, in has done some work using the cycloidal tooth crop rotation stable motion reduction gear.
Second, the stable motion speed reducer gear principle of work synopsis, the stable motion speed reducer gear is refers to in a counter gear transmission, a gear in the stable motion generator actuation mean plane parallel motion, meshing through tooth profile between, actuates another tooth crop rotation dead axle to decelerate the rotation, the realization reduction gear function.The stable motion generator may use the parallelogram organization, either sine organization or cross slide organization.This achievement uses the parallelogram organization to take the stable motion generator. The stable motion generator may be the hypothesized use parallelogram organization, also may be the entity use parallelogram organization.Has the practical value stable motion gear mechanism for in counter gear organization, therefore may divide into the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement and the external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement two kind of situations.Outside the stable motion gear reduction organization, its internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuates the external gear and makes the deceleration rotation output.This organization also calls three links (gear) the reduction gear. As a result of the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers establish outside the annular gear tooth ring, therefore its size is not compact, cannot solve the volume major problem.? In stable motion gear reduction, its external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuation internal tooth crop rotation deceleration rotation output.As a result of the external tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers can establish in the external gear tooth ring, reduced the organization overall size greatly. Because in stable motion gear mechanism transmission efficiency high, volume small, input output coaxial line, therefore by widespread application prospect.
Third, this project technical characteristic and key technologies? 1. this project technical characteristics, in this new " stable motion speed reducer gear " and domestic and foreign had the speed reducer gear compares, has the following characteristic: (1) velocity ratio scope is big, gets up from I=10, may reach most greatly several thousand.If manufactures the great velocity ratio the reduction gear, then demonstrates this reduction gear the merit.(2) transmission power scope is big: And may connect a body manufacture with the electric motor. (3) structure simple, the volume small, the weight is light.Reduces about 1/3 compared to the existing speed reducer gear.(4) mechanical efficiency is high.95 (5) this reduction gear input axis and the output shaft are on the identical spool thread.This reduction gear see Table 1 with other reduction gear performance comparison. Because lacks the data, various reduction gears power/load ratio which in the table arranges in order is most superior.? Table 1? Each kind of reduction gear comparison model power (kw) reduction gear ratio quality (kg) QI-450? 93 31.5 1820 ZSY-250? 95 31.5 540 NGW-92 88.1 31.5 577 SEW (Germany)? 90 28.61 1300 NP-100? 100 30 400 Note: NP-100 is in the stable motion speed reducer gear, the SEW reduction gear quality contains the electrical machinery.2. this project key technologies? May know by Figure 2, in “stable motion speed reducer gear " is by annular gear Z2, external gear Z1 and the parallelogram organization combination becomes.Its transmission principle is: The electrical machinery input rotary motion, the external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, its center of circle path is a circle, makes the dead axle rotation with it meshing annular gear. Because external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, therefore name stable motion gear mechanism.The gear parallel migration needs to have the auxiliary body help realization, may use (6~12) to sell the axis, the roller takes the hypothesized auxiliary stable motion organization, also may use the eccentric shaft to take the entity auxiliary stable motion organization.In the stable motion speed reducer gear key technologies and the essential craft are the composition parallelogram component size computation and the request processing precision, the gear teeth main parameter choice. These factors will all affect the transmission ability and the transmission quality.Overall speaking, the group cost reduction gear various spare parts all request to have the high precision, they will be deciding the reduction gear overall transmis3. this project survey this project has obtained the Chinese practical new patent, the patent number: ZL95227767.0? .? This project trial produced the first prototype from 1995 (power 2.5kW, after velocity ratio I=32), with some factory and mine cooperation, has one after another designed following several kind of different powers, the different velocity ratio reduction gear.(1) electrically operated on rollers gate uses the reduction gear, power 550W, velocity ratio I=26, is united as one body with the electrical machinery.sion quality. (2) mixer uses the reduction gear, power 370W, velocity ratio I=17.(3) some military goods use two kind of reduction gears, one kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=23.5; Another kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=103 two level of transmission reduction gear.(4) steel mill large package rotary abutment reduction gear, power 7.5kw, velocity ratio I=64.(5) steel mill table reduction gear, power 7.5kw, transmission I=11. In this patent foundation, has developed one kind of new ultra-large reduction gear, the power may reach 1000kw, at present is developing subminiature (outlook size for a millimeter level) miniature reduction gear.
Graduation design task
First, a design
Monorail Driver Design reducer
Second, the design of the original data
1 Monorail drive reducer Power Rating: 7.5 KW;
2 Monorail reducer drive the total transmission ratio: 15 around;
3 Monorail reducer drive car driven by the side of the output shaft from the race distance of not more than 200 mm;
4 Monorail reducer drive the total length of less than 420 mm, the width is not more than 450 mm and the total height of not more than 690 mm;
Third, the equipment and the working environment
This can be used to mine underground, open-air, dust, humidity, air quality, bad comparison bad work environment, and the operational requirements of a safe space.
Fourth, the design requirements
To meet the application requirements under the premise that the minimum cost of manufacturing.
From the following aspects considered;
(L) to streamline the shape of each parts, machinery simple structure;
??? (2) merge the functions of spare parts, reducing the types or quantities of spare parts;
??? (3) Application of the new structure, new technology, new materials, product reliability;
??? (4) decomposition components, its assembly, the assembly of the most simple structure;
??? (5) similar to parts of the division;
??? (6) standards for similar products by product serial number sequence analysis;
??? (7) The realization of the common parts of the product and standardization.
??? (8) assembly equipment design a map (0), the Six Parts (3), the design specification of a (not less than 30,000 words), and the design of technical and economic analysis.
中文譯文
一、 什么是減速器
減速器是一種動(dòng)力傳達(dá)機(jī)構(gòu)，利用齒輪的速度轉(zhuǎn)換器，將馬達(dá)的回轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)減速到所要的回轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)，并得到較大轉(zhuǎn)矩的機(jī)構(gòu)。
1、減速器的作用
1）降速同時(shí)提高輸出扭矩，扭矩輸出比例按電機(jī)輸出乘減速比，但要注意不能超出減速器額定扭矩。
2） 減速同時(shí)降低了負(fù)載的慣量，慣量的減少為減速比的平方。大家可以看一下一般電機(jī)都有一個(gè)慣量數(shù)值。
2、減速器的種類(lèi)
一般的減速器有斜齒輪減速器(包括平行軸斜齒輪減速器、蝸輪減速器、錐齒輪減速器等等)、行星齒輪減速器、擺線針輪減速器、蝸輪蝸桿減速器、行星摩擦式機(jī)械無(wú)級(jí)變速機(jī)等等。
3、常見(jiàn)減速器
1） 蝸輪蝸桿減速器的主要特點(diǎn)是具有反向自鎖功能，可以有較大的減速比，輸入軸和輸出軸不在同一軸線上，也不在同一平面上。但是一般體積較大，傳動(dòng)效率不高，精度不高。
2） 諧波減速器的諧波傳動(dòng)是利用柔性元件可控的彈性變形來(lái)傳遞運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力的，體積不大、精度很高，但缺點(diǎn)是柔輪壽命有限、不耐沖擊，剛性與金屬件相比較差。輸入轉(zhuǎn)速不能太高。
3） 行星減速器其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)比較緊湊，回程間隙小、精度較高，使用壽命很長(zhǎng)，額定輸出扭矩可以做的很大。但價(jià)格略貴一、對(duì)裝配前零件的要求 ：
1.滾動(dòng)軸承用汽油清洗，其他零件用煤油清洗。所有零件和箱體內(nèi)不許有任何雜質(zhì)存在 。箱體內(nèi)壁和齒輪（蝸輪）等未加工表面先后涂?jī)纱尾槐粰C(jī)油侵蝕的耐油漆，箱體外表 面先后涂底漆和顏色油漆（按主機(jī)要求配色）。
2.零件配合面洗凈后涂以潤(rùn)滑油
二、安裝和調(diào)整的要求
1.滾動(dòng)軸承的安裝 滾動(dòng)軸承安裝時(shí)軸承內(nèi)圈應(yīng)緊貼軸肩，要求縫隙不得通過(guò)0.05mm 厚的塞尺。
2.軸承軸向游隙 對(duì)游隙不可調(diào)整的軸承（如深溝球軸承），其軸向游隙為0.25~0.4mm；對(duì)游隙可調(diào)整 的軸承軸向游隙數(shù)值見(jiàn)表。點(diǎn)擊查看圓錐滾子軸承軸向游隙；角接觸球軸承軸向游隙
3.齒輪（蝸輪）嚙合的齒側(cè)間隙 可用塞尺或壓鉛法。即將鉛絲放在齒槽上，然后轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)齒輪而壓扁鉛絲，測(cè)量?jī)升X側(cè)被 壓扁鉛絲厚度之和即為齒側(cè)的大小?！?
4.齒面接觸斑點(diǎn)圓柱齒輪齒面接觸斑點(diǎn)2-10-4；圓錐齒輪齒面接觸斑點(diǎn)2-11-4；蝸桿傳動(dòng)接觸斑點(diǎn)2-12-4
三、密封要求
1.箱體剖分面之間不允許填任何墊片，但可以涂密封膠或水玻璃以保證密封；
2.裝配時(shí)，在擰緊箱體螺栓前，應(yīng)使用0.05mm的塞尺檢查箱蓋和箱座結(jié)合面之間的密封性；
3.軸伸密封處應(yīng)涂以潤(rùn)滑脂。各密封裝置應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按要求安裝
四、潤(rùn)滑要求
1.合理確定潤(rùn)滑油和潤(rùn)滑脂類(lèi)型和牌號(hào)
2.軸承脂潤(rùn)滑時(shí)，潤(rùn)滑脂的填充量一般為可加脂空間的1/2~2/3?！?
3.潤(rùn)滑油應(yīng)定期更換，新減速器第一次使用時(shí)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)7~14天后換油，以后可以根據(jù)情況每隔3~6個(gè)月?lián)Q一次油。
五、試驗(yàn)要求
1.空載運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)：在額定轉(zhuǎn)速下正、反運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)1~2小時(shí)；
2.負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)：在額定轉(zhuǎn)速、額定負(fù)荷下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，至油溫平衡為止?！ ?duì)齒輪減速器，要求油池溫升不超過(guò)35oC,軸承溫升不超過(guò)40oC； 對(duì)蝸桿減速器，要求油池溫升不超過(guò)60oC,軸承溫升不超過(guò)50oC；
3.全部試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中，要求運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)，噪聲小，聯(lián)接固定處不松動(dòng)，各密封、結(jié)合處不
六、包裝和運(yùn)輸要求
1.外伸軸及其附件應(yīng)涂油包裝；
2.搬運(yùn)、起吊時(shí)不得使用吊環(huán)螺釘及吊耳以上技術(shù)要求不一定全部列出，有時(shí)還需另增項(xiàng)目，主要由設(shè)計(jì)的具體要求而定。
七、技術(shù)要求
1.裝配前，所有零件用煤油清洗，滾動(dòng)軸承用汽油清洗，不許有任何 雜物存在。內(nèi)壁涂上不被機(jī)油腐蝕的涂料兩次；
2.嚙合側(cè)隙用鉛絲檢驗(yàn)不小于0.16mm，鉛絲不得大于最小側(cè)隙的4倍；
3.用涂色法檢驗(yàn)斑點(diǎn)。按齒高接觸點(diǎn)不小于40%；按齒長(zhǎng)接觸斑點(diǎn)不 小于50%。必要時(shí)可用研磨或刮后研磨以便改善接觸情況；
4.應(yīng)調(diào)整軸承軸向間隙：φ40為0.05--0.1mm,φ55為0.08--0.15mm;
5.檢驗(yàn)減速器剖分面、各接觸面及密封處，均不許漏油。剖分面允許 涂以密封油漆或水玻璃，不允許使用任何填料；
6.機(jī)座內(nèi)裝N100潤(rùn)滑油至規(guī)定高度。
八、下面我介紹我國(guó)減速器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
（一）、國(guó)內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動(dòng)、蝸桿傳動(dòng)為主，但普遍存在著功率與重量比小，或者傳動(dòng)比大而機(jī)械效率過(guò)低的問(wèn)題。另外，材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點(diǎn)，特別是大型的減速器問(wèn)題更突出，使用壽命不長(zhǎng)。國(guó)內(nèi)使用的大型減速器（500kw以上），多從國(guó)外（如丹麥、德國(guó)等）進(jìn)口。60年代開(kāi)始生產(chǎn)的少齒差傳動(dòng)、擺線針輪傳動(dòng)、諧波傳動(dòng)等減速器具有傳動(dòng)比大，體積小、機(jī)械效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)?。但受其傳動(dòng)的理論的限制，不能傳遞過(guò)大的功率，功率一般都要小于40kw。由于在傳動(dòng)的理論上、工藝水平和材料品質(zhì)方面沒(méi)有突破，因此，沒(méi)能從根本上解決傳遞功率大、傳動(dòng)比大、體積小、重量輕、機(jī)械效率高等這些基本要求
收藏