2020年中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)易丟分 專題17 閱讀理解（含解析）

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1、閱讀理解 丟分題詳解 (2019?北京卷) Blue Lightning Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help. “Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.” A week

2、later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.” Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, wor

3、king go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed. After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.” “Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share.” “When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushba

4、ck,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt (閃電) shape.” “Very good!” Dad said.? “So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked. Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he

5、’ll eat for a lifetime.” Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!” Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.” That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder

6、. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride. Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before. 24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to . A. practice driving B. e

7、nter for a race C. play with friends D. do some research 25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart? A. To have a test drive. B. To take a good rest. C. To give it a cool name. D. To paint it light blue. 26. Sally’s story mainly tells us that

8、 . A. winning a race is important B. fishing brings us a lot of fun C. driving experience is necessary D. learning happens during the process 【文章大意】薩莉參加了一個(gè)微型賽車制作比賽，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，爸爸并沒(méi)有直接幫助她，而是鼓勵(lì)她在過(guò)程中學(xué)習(xí)，從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)。在準(zhǔn)備比賽的過(guò)程薩莉?qū)W到了很多，最后她能坦然地面對(duì)比賽了。 24. B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“This spring she thought of bui

9、lding a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.”可知，Sally 想制作微型賽車是為了參加比賽。故選B。 25. A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的“Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知，做好這個(gè)微型賽車后，她爸爸讓她做一次試駕。故選A。 26. D【解析】主旨大意題。

10、通過(guò)薩利的這個(gè)故事，作者告訴我們從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，在過(guò)程中學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。 丟分探因 不少同學(xué)表示：我單詞、短語(yǔ)背了那么多，平時(shí)做了那么多閱讀題，長(zhǎng)難句也試著攻克了，為什么還是對(duì)一些題目無(wú)從下手、選不出正確答案呢？（可以說(shuō)是十分委屈了?。? 現(xiàn)將閱讀理解分為9種題型，分別來(lái)教同學(xué)們?nèi)绾瓮昝梨i定正確答案、拿滿分！ 一、例證題 1. 例證題的標(biāo)志。當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify等詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，同學(xué)們就要立刻開啟做＂例證題＂的模式啦！ 2. 回歸文章，找出該例證所在的位置，即給該例子定位。 3. 搜索該例證周圍的區(qū)域，

11、找出該例證支持的觀點(diǎn)。例子周圍具有概括抽象性的表達(dá)通常就是它的論點(diǎn)。 4. 找出該論點(diǎn)，并與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)比較，得出選項(xiàng)中與該論點(diǎn)最一致的答案。 5. 例證題錯(cuò)誤答案設(shè)計(jì)的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：就事論事，即把例子中的某一內(nèi)容寫出來(lái)誤導(dǎo)你，讓你去選。 二、指代題 1. 回歸原文，找出問(wèn)題中的指代詞。 2. 在指代詞附近搜索，找最近的名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或句子。（先從最近點(diǎn)開始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不會(huì)離得太遠(yuǎn)） 3. 將找到的詞、詞組或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞，看其意思是否通順。 4. 將找到的詞、詞組或句子與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，找出最佳答案。 三、詞匯題 1. 首先還是要回歸原文，找

12、出該詞匯出現(xiàn)在哪里。 2. 通過(guò)句子，確定該詞匯的詞性。 3. 從上下文（詞匯的前后幾句）中找到與所給詞匯具有相同詞性的詞（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），代入所給詞匯在文章中的位置（將之替換）看語(yǔ)義是否合適。 4. 找出選項(xiàng)中與代替詞意思相同或相近的選相，這就是答案！ 注意： （1）如果該詞匯是簡(jiǎn)單詞匯，則其字面意思很大可能不是正確答案。 （2）英語(yǔ)閱讀理解主要是考查同學(xué)們是否能根據(jù)上下文作出正確的判斷。 （3）詞匯題的正確答案經(jīng)常蘊(yùn)藏在原文該詞匯出現(xiàn)的附近。注意不能靠單詞詞義直接往下推。 （4）尋找時(shí)要注意同位語(yǔ)、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)（比如分號(hào)，分號(hào)前后兩句話的邏輯關(guān)系不是形式上的并列

13、就是語(yǔ)義上的并列，也就是兩句話的意思相同，所以可用其中一句話的意思來(lái)推測(cè)另一句話的意思從而推出所給詞匯含義）、定語(yǔ)從句、前后綴，特別要注意尋找時(shí)的同性原則。 四、句子理解題 1. 回歸原文找到原句。 2. 對(duì)原句進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法和詞義的精確分析（找主干），應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)抓原句的字面含義。若該句的字面含義不能確定，則依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行判斷。 3. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，選項(xiàng)中的正確答案與原句意思完全相同，只不過(guò)用其他英語(yǔ)詞匯換種表達(dá)而已。 4. 句子理解題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng)特征：推得太遠(yuǎn)，做題時(shí)應(yīng)把握住推的度。 五、推斷題 1. 推斷題的標(biāo)志：learn, infer, imply, inform等。 2. 看

14、是否可以通過(guò)題干回歸原文或依據(jù)選項(xiàng)回歸原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理。推理題無(wú)論通過(guò)題干能不能定位，我們都要把它固定到文章的一兩點(diǎn)上。 3. 依據(jù)原文的意思進(jìn)行三錯(cuò)一對(duì)的判斷。先不要進(jìn)行推理，若有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)跟原文的意思一模一樣，則該選項(xiàng)必然是正確答案。推理題不是考查同學(xué)們天馬行空的想象力，它其實(shí)是考查同學(xué)們是否讀透閱讀文章里的某幾個(gè)點(diǎn)所涉及的問(wèn)題。 4. 推理題的最近答案原則：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的遠(yuǎn)的好，直接推出的要比間接推的好（原文的某句話變個(gè)說(shuō)法），把原文讀懂才是做對(duì)推斷題的關(guān)鍵！ 六、主旨題 ＂串線摘帽＂，即在自然段少的時(shí)候串串線，串線法解不出來(lái)時(shí)，大帽子、

15、小帽子摘一下。 1. 主旨題的標(biāo)志：mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title等。 2. 串線法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句話，把其意思連接成一個(gè)整體。要注意總結(jié)性的提示詞和轉(zhuǎn)折詞，特別要注意中心句。（主要針對(duì)自然段少的文章，針對(duì)自然段多的文章，主旨題最好聯(lián)系中心句，找一個(gè)和中心句最貼近的。） 3. 很多時(shí)候，老師都會(huì)跟同學(xué)們說(shuō)，首段往往就是中心主旨所在的地方。然而考君還是要提醒各位同學(xué)，小心首段陷阱！ 4. 主旨題錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的干擾特征是： （1）局部信息，即選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容小于文章的內(nèi)容； （2）范圍過(guò)寬，即選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容大于文章的內(nèi)容。 5.

16、逆向思維法：在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去都十分正確無(wú)法選擇時(shí)，試著從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項(xiàng)來(lái)寫文章會(huì)有那些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。 七、作者態(tài)度題 1. 作者態(tài)度題的標(biāo)志：attitude 2. 應(yīng)精確理解四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義，不要摻雜自己的觀點(diǎn)。 3. 可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的詞。例如：fortunately, excessively等。 4. 舉例的方式。（是從正面舉例，還是反面舉例） 5. 抓論述的主線。把第一段讀透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出來(lái)，看整個(gè)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。 6. 做作者態(tài)度題時(shí)同學(xué)們應(yīng)該特別注意，要清楚是誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)的態(tài)度。 八、判斷題

17、1. 看能否通過(guò)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)具體化到原文中一點(diǎn)或者根據(jù)自然段原則定位。 2. 每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都應(yīng)回歸原文，不能憑主觀印象進(jìn)行判斷。 3. 要重點(diǎn)抓是＂三錯(cuò)一對(duì)＂還是＂三對(duì)一錯(cuò)＂的關(guān)系。（做題時(shí)要看清題目的要求，選擇＂正確項(xiàng)＂，還是＂錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)＂。） 九、細(xì)節(jié)題 細(xì)節(jié)題不用多說(shuō)了，最重要的就是回歸原文，在文章中找出題干所在位置，得出答案。 十、重點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng) 1. 正確答案的特征 （1）正確答案經(jīng)常與中心思想有關(guān)。 （2）正確答案的位置，最常見的三個(gè)位置是：段首段尾處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、因果處。 （3）正確答案經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的原則是：同義替換、正話反說(shuō)、反話正說(shuō)。 （4）正確答案經(jīng)常具有概括性、深刻性。

18、（5）從語(yǔ)氣角度來(lái)看，正確答案中經(jīng)常含有不肯定的語(yǔ)氣詞和委婉表達(dá)的用詞。例如：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily等。 2. 錯(cuò)誤答案的特征 第一大層次： （1）無(wú)中生有（未提及的概念）； （2）正反混淆（選項(xiàng)的意思跟原文的意思正好相反）； （3）所答非所問(wèn)（雖然選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，符合原文，但和題干搭不上邊）。 第二大層次： （1）過(guò)分絕對(duì)； （2）擴(kuò)大范圍（注意隱蔽型的擴(kuò)大范圍mostly）； （3）因果倒置； （4）常識(shí)判斷；如果一個(gè)選項(xiàng)僅僅符合常識(shí)，不一定是正確答案，還要看文章中類似的意思有沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)；如果一個(gè)選項(xiàng)不符合

19、常識(shí)，一定不是正答案。 （5）推得過(guò)遠(yuǎn)； （6）偏離中心； （7）變換詞性。 查漏補(bǔ)缺 一、解題步驟 根據(jù)近幾年閱讀理解題的命題特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)，我們可以將閱讀理解的解題步驟分為三步： 1. 通讀全文，掌握大意。 要了解出題人的意圖，抓住文章的主題句，就要在文首或文尾選擇好做題的切入口，弄清文章中的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、原因、經(jīng)過(guò)等要點(diǎn)，即掃讀文章，掌握文章大意。當(dāng)然，由于文章的難度不同，考生面對(duì)較高難度的題時(shí)，應(yīng)克服急躁心理，穩(wěn)定自己的情緒，再讀一遍或兩遍，直到明確文章的大意。 2. 根據(jù)試題，重點(diǎn)再讀。 第一步僅是讓大家對(duì)文章大意有一個(gè)大概的印象，是用來(lái)應(yīng)付那些需要根據(jù)文章

20、內(nèi)容來(lái)作出主觀判斷的綜合性題目的。但是在閱讀理解題中還有一些是直觀性的題目，在文章中可以找到原句作為答案，對(duì)于這種題目，考生應(yīng)結(jié)合題目對(duì)照文章所提供的信息，從而選出最佳答案。 3. 推理判斷，確定答案。 有些題一時(shí)難以從文中直接找出答案，這時(shí)就需要進(jìn)行分析、推理或歸納，但決不能離開文章而亂猜臆斷，還有些試題會(huì)涉及我們的日常生活或其他學(xué)科知識(shí)，這時(shí)我們要注意推理的科學(xué)性和合理性，再結(jié)合文章判斷答題。 二、技巧點(diǎn)撥 1. 要注意養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀心理，閱讀時(shí)要去除雜念，心緒要安定，精神要專一，要形成一種愜意的順向心理。切不可一遇到幾個(gè)生詞難句，就心煩意亂，失去自控能力。心理學(xué)家告訴我們，任何恐

21、慌、過(guò)分緊張的情緒都會(huì)形成一種消極因素妨礙大腦的正常思維功能。因此，遇到困難一定要從容不迫、心無(wú)旁騖。這樣才能對(duì)所讀的文章印象清晰、理解深刻。 2. 要提高讀的速度，閱讀理解，從另一個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)，考的是速度。因此做閱讀理解題時(shí)，要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。切不可在個(gè)別難懂的詞句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，個(gè)別難懂的詞句可以根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境和構(gòu)詞法去猜測(cè)、去推斷。 3. 對(duì)文章的評(píng)價(jià)分析，一定要堅(jiān)持＂詞不離句，句不離篇＂，要理解作者的原意，而不能按自己的意愿去想當(dāng)然。切記：一想當(dāng)然，就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。 （1）審視標(biāo)題，抓住中心。 試題中有的文章有標(biāo)題，有的沒(méi)有，擬題人是有所考慮的。

22、標(biāo)題是文章主題的高度凝聚。它能給我們啟發(fā)和想象，了解文章的內(nèi)容和走向。這樣做有利于理解文章、提高做題的效率。 （2）瀏覽全文，掌握全貌。 如果時(shí)間緊，至少要快速通讀全文，尤其是前兩段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)，這樣全文的梗概便一目了然了。 （3）細(xì)讀題目，抓住要點(diǎn)。 對(duì)整篇短文的內(nèi)容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短文后的問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點(diǎn)。如：如果問(wèn)題或選項(xiàng)涉及到人名、地名，就應(yīng)該找首字母大寫的單詞；如果問(wèn)題或選項(xiàng)涉及時(shí)間、日期、數(shù)字，就應(yīng)該尋找具體的數(shù)據(jù)。另外還要注意試題的難易，應(yīng)先繞開較難的題目，先做最有

23、把握、最熟悉的題目，也就是可以直接或間接從文章中找到答案的。對(duì)于那些要進(jìn)行歸納判斷、邏輯推理的題目，需要再對(duì)全文快速閱讀，仔細(xì)分析思考，反復(fù)比較、推敲后選出正確答案。若文章短可先讀短文，后看文后題目；如果文章太長(zhǎng)，你可以先把文章后面的問(wèn)題看一遍，帶著問(wèn)題去看文章。這樣可以幫助你閱讀時(shí)更有針對(duì)性，提高閱讀的速度和解題的正確性。要善于找關(guān)鍵句，特別要注意文章第一段和最后一段的首句，往往就是關(guān)鍵句，可以幫助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主題。此外，還應(yīng)該細(xì)讀文章，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)的試題是考細(xì)節(jié)?？梢赃呑x邊用鉛筆做標(biāo)記，把有關(guān)的畫出來(lái)。凡逢人物就圈起來(lái)，看完一數(shù)，有幾個(gè)圈就是幾個(gè)人，一目了然。 （4）細(xì)

24、讀文章，掌握細(xì)節(jié)。 這次應(yīng)細(xì)品，不可一晃而過(guò)?？蛇呑x邊用鉛筆把有關(guān)的人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、起因（即五個(gè)W：who，what，when，where，why）畫出來(lái)。經(jīng)過(guò)這樣的處理，你對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)便會(huì)胸有成竹，對(duì)事態(tài)的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有了更加深入的了解。 （5）理解大意，初選答案。 一般短文都設(shè)有五個(gè)題目，對(duì)那些表層理解的題目可以斷然選定。對(duì)那些深層理解的題目，應(yīng)再查閱原文，但決不是簡(jiǎn)單重讀，應(yīng)找出依據(jù)，把所有選項(xiàng)代入文中，再確定正誤。在確定答案時(shí)，對(duì)文章和題中的詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)結(jié)合上下文思考其確切意思，切忌望文生義，作出錯(cuò)誤的判斷。 （6）復(fù)讀全文，核對(duì)答案。 要用

25、全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，并依次審核那些未獲解答的題，對(duì)照題目，推測(cè)判斷，確保理解無(wú)誤。 （7）瞻前顧后，首尾突破 對(duì)一具體問(wèn)題不要局限于一詞一事，而應(yīng)從短文整體考慮，從主線向外擴(kuò)展，打開思路，前后上下對(duì)照。這樣，可減少＂鉆牛角尖＂和＂繁瑣分析＂。而且，在中考試題中，即使是事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題，也是＂圍繞或用以說(shuō)明主旨和大意＂的。大多數(shù)短文，尤其是新聞報(bào)道或議論文的第一段，或每段的第一句，常包含了全文的主要信息或基本觀點(diǎn)；而結(jié)尾部分常是結(jié)局或結(jié)論。寓言或幽默文字的結(jié)尾也往往是點(diǎn)晴之筆或值得玩味之處。因此，抓住首尾就往往抓住了主要矛盾，主要矛盾解決了，次要矛盾也就迎

26、刃而解了。 中考題演練 （2019 ? 山東聊城中考） Part-time(兼職的) jobs for students Babysitter(臨時(shí)保姆)needed We need a babysitter to look after our two boys aged 5 and 7 after school from 4: 30 p.m. to 6: 30p.m., Monday to Friday. $100 a week. Call Vicky at 6783-4521. Rose Hotel part-time work We are looking for

27、 part-time workers to work in our hotel on Saturdays. Come in (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.) or call Mina at: 6123-8745(after 6 p.m.). Holiday job Do you want to make some money this summer? Can you speak another language? We need French, Spanish or German speakers to work in the City Museum shop from Tues

28、day to Saturday. Send your CV(簡(jiǎn)歷) to citymuscum@shopjob. lkj. Newspaper delivery(遞送) We need young people to deliver newspapers on Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings. The newspaper delivery takes 30 minutes in the village of Clanbrook. You must deliver the newspapers before 7: 30 a.m. and yo

29、u must have your own bike. Interested? Ask for more information at Clanbrook post office. 44. How much can a babysitter get for an hour? A. 5 dollars. B. 7dollars. C. 10 dollars. D. 12 dollars. 45. If Joy wants to get the job in Rose Hotel, she can call Mina at __________. A. 8 a.m. B. 10 a.m

30、. C. 5 p.m. D. 7 p.m. 46. What can we know about the holiday job? A. It doesn’t require any CV. B. It doesn’t provide any pay. C. If you have got it, you needn’t work on Monday. D. If you want to get it, you must speak three languages. 47. If Harry takes the newspaper delivery job, he must

31、 __________. A. work three mornings a week B. use the bike of the post office C. finish the work before 7:00 am D. be interested in the newspapers 48. The four pieces of information above may be found in the part of in a newspaper. A. News. B. Ad(廣告). C. Sports. D. Recreation(娛樂(lè)). 【文章大意】這是有關(guān)招聘學(xué)

32、生做兼職工作的四則廣告信息：包括招聘臨時(shí)保姆、玫瑰酒店兼職、假期工以及報(bào)紙遞送。有具體的工作時(shí)間以及聯(lián)系方式等。 44. C【解析】數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)表格Babysitter(臨時(shí)保姆)needed欄中的信息＂from 4: 30pm to 6: 30pm, Monday to Friday. $100 a week.＂可知，臨時(shí)保姆工作時(shí)間是周一到周五的下午四點(diǎn)半到六點(diǎn)半，每周工作10個(gè)小時(shí)，價(jià)格是每周100美元，因此每個(gè)小時(shí)10美元，答案為C。 45. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Rose Hotel part-time work欄中的信息＂Come in (8 a.m. to 6 p

33、.m.) or call Mina at: 6123-8745(after 6 p.m.).＂可知，打進(jìn)電話要在傍晚6點(diǎn)之后，故答案選D。 46. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Holiday job欄中的信息＂Send your CV(簡(jiǎn)歷)to citymuscum@shopjob. lkj.＂可知，這份工作需要一份簡(jiǎn)歷，A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)＂Do you want to make some money this summer?＂可知，這份工作是提供報(bào)酬的，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)＂We need French, Spanish or German speakers to work in the C

34、ity Museum shop from Tuesday to Saturday.＂可知，工作時(shí)間是周二到周六，C選項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)＂Can you speak another language?＂可知，應(yīng)聘者只要還會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)或德語(yǔ)中的一種即可，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故答案選C。 47. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Newspaper delivery(遞送)欄中的信息＂We need young people to deliver newspapers on Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings.＂ 我們需要年輕人在周一、周三和周五早晨送報(bào)紙。如果哈里接受

35、送報(bào)紙的工作，他必須每周工作三個(gè)早晨。故答案選A。 48. B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題＂Part-time(兼職的)jobs for students＂可知，這是面向?qū)W生招聘兼職工作的廣告。因此這四則信息可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙上的廣告欄目，故答案為B。 B（2019 ? 湖北咸寧中考） In ancient times, there was a king who loved flowers. His palace was always decorated with beautiful orchids(蘭花) and other flowers. As the king grew ol

36、der, he knew that one day he would have to give up his throne(王位). So he had to find someone to rule the country. The other day, the king had an idea. He asked his servants to travel to every part of the country and give every citizen a single orchid seed(種子). He then announced that the person who

37、grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne. Everyone in the country then got their own seed. One young man named David was especially excited about the news, because he had experience in growing flowers himself. David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get

38、lots of sunlight. He watched it carefully every day. But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. Finally, it was time for everyone to give their flowers to the king. David took his empty potto the palace. ＂Your Majesty(尊敬的陛下), I am sorry to say that I could not grow an orchid. But I

39、hope you can see that I tried my best,＂ he said. The king was moved by David’s honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正) in the country. 1.

40、According to the king’s order, who could be the next king? A. The man who was the smartest. B. The man who was the most honest, C. The man who could plant the best seed. D. The man who could grow the most beautiful orchid. 2. What do we know about David? A. He told a joke to the king. B. He fa

41、iled to grow the king’s orchid. C. He was good at growing orchids. D. He was chosen to be the next king. 3. What does the underlined word ＂it＂ refers to in Paragraph 4? A. The pot. B. His flower. C. The seed. D. The sunlight. 4. What can we learn from the story? A. David was the only winner in

42、the end. B. It is stupid of the king to choose David as a judge. C. It is impolite of David to give an empty pot to the palace. D. The king believed honesty was very important for a judge. 5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Honesty Is the Best Policy B. How to Grow O

43、rchids C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts D. It’s Very Easy to Grow Orchids 【文章大意】本文介紹了古代有一個(gè)喜歡花的國(guó)王。并且宣布能種植出最美麗蘭花的人將繼承王位。大衛(wèi)是一位年輕人，但無(wú)論怎么努力，都沒(méi)有種植出蘭花，帶著空花瓶去了宮殿。國(guó)王被大衛(wèi)的誠(chéng)實(shí)所感動(dòng)。雖然他沒(méi)有選擇大衛(wèi)作為新國(guó)王，但他給了大衛(wèi)一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大衛(wèi)的誠(chéng)實(shí)會(huì)使他成為正直的人，以確保國(guó)家的正義。 1. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)He then announced that the person who grew the most beaut

44、iful orchid would take his throne. 然后他宣布種植最美麗蘭花的人將繼承王位?？芍凑諊?guó)王的命令，能種出最美麗蘭花的人可以成為下一個(gè)國(guó)王。故選D。 2. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. 但盡管他努力，他的花還是長(zhǎng)不出來(lái)?？芍?，他沒(méi)有種出國(guó)王的蘭花。故選B。 3. C【解析】推理判斷題。句子He watched it carefully every day.的意思是：他每天都仔細(xì)觀察。根據(jù)上文的句子David planted his seed in

45、 a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. 大衛(wèi)把種子種在盆里，放在陽(yáng)光充足的地方?？芍?，句子中的it是指上文中的the seed，即：國(guó)王給的蘭花種子。故選C。 4. D【解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是：我們能從這個(gè)故事中學(xué)到什么？根據(jù)he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官).He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice

46、(公正)in the country. 他給了大衛(wèi)一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大衛(wèi)的誠(chéng)實(shí)會(huì)使他成為一個(gè)正直的人，以確保國(guó)家的公正。可以推出，國(guó)王認(rèn)為誠(chéng)實(shí)對(duì)法官來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。故選D。 5. A【解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是：以下哪一個(gè)是文章的最佳標(biāo)題？A. Honesty Is the Best Policy誠(chéng)實(shí)是最好的為人之道。B. How to Grow Orchids如何種植蘭花。C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts花是最好的禮物。D. It’s Very Easy to Grow Orchids蘭花很容易種植。根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容The king was moved

47、 by David’s honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 可知，大衛(wèi)是一個(gè)非常誠(chéng)實(shí)的人，國(guó)王才選擇他做皇家法院法官的。因此最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該選擇Honesty is the Best Policy誠(chéng)實(shí)是最好

48、的為人之道。故選A。 C. (2019 ? 江西中考） Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old. Soon after, however, he started to do an amazi

49、ng thing. He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue (舌頭) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(聲吶). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this inte

50、rview with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works. How does sonar work? ＂When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(圖像). It’s like having a conversation

51、with the environment When you click, what do you see in your mind? "Each click is like a camera flash. I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction.＂ What is it like riding a bike using sonar? ＂It’s exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus. I click

52、up to two times per second,, much more than I usually do.＂ Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way? "Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone(骨頭) as a kid.＂ How challenging is it to

53、teach people to use sonar? ＂Many students are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isn’t in the eyes, it’ s in the mind.＂ 1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Kish explains how sonar works. B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar. C. Kish started to move around using sonar. D. Kish

54、 is good at riding a bicycle in traffic. 2. How does sonar work? Choose the right order. a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces. b. The person makes a clicking sound. c. The brain makes images with the sounds. d. The sound waves reach the persons ears. A. b-a-c-d B. b-d-a-c C. a-b-d-c

55、D. b-a-d-c 3. What can we know about Kish from the passage? A. He always challenges himself bravely. B. He lives in fear of things that he imagines. C. He became blind when he was 14 years old. D. He broke his bone when climbing as a child. 4. What would be the best title for the passage? A.

56、How Sonar Works. B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar. C. Seeing with the Mind. D. How the Blind Move Around. 【文章大意】文章介紹了Daniel Kish因?yàn)閲?yán)重的眼睛疾病，醫(yī)生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來(lái)幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來(lái)走動(dòng)，他解釋了這個(gè)過(guò)程是怎么工作的，舌頭發(fā)出的聲音反射回到耳朵，然后大腦加工成圖像，就像和環(huán)境對(duì)話，不是用眼睛看，而是用大腦看。 1. C【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds

57、 with his tongue舌頭) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(聲吶). 不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來(lái)幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來(lái)走動(dòng)，可知這一段主要講訴Kish開始用聲吶走動(dòng)；故選C。 2. D【解析】順序排列題。根據(jù)I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. hese waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My

58、brain then processes the sounds into images(圖像).可知聲吶工作的順序是發(fā)出咔嗒聲，聲音從表面反射回來(lái)，到達(dá)人的耳朵，大腦把聲音制成圖像；故選D。 3. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone (骨頭) as a kid.他沒(méi)有生活在想象的恐懼中，也沒(méi)傷到骨頭，根據(jù)And docto

59、rs took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old.可知是14個(gè)月，不是14歲；根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，可知他總是勇敢地挑戰(zhàn)自己；故選A。 4. C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章介紹了Daniel Kish因?yàn)閲?yán)重的眼睛疾病，醫(yī)生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來(lái)幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來(lái)走動(dòng)，他解釋了這個(gè)過(guò)程是怎么工作的，舌頭發(fā)出的聲音反射回到耳朵，然后大腦大腦加工成圖像，就像和環(huán)境對(duì)話，不是用眼睛看，而是用大腦看?？芍@段的最好題目是＂用大腦看＂；故選C。 模擬題檢測(cè) A.（2019·山東濰坊

60、新華中學(xué)一模） Rahanna Bisseret Martinez is a 13-year-old chef(廚師) from Cambridge, UN. Early this year, she took part in "Top Chef Junior", a cooking competition show for 12 chefs, ages 11 to 14, from all over England. Rahanna finished second in the competition. Here is an interview with her. Reporter: H

61、ow did you get into cooking? Rahanna: My earliest memories are of being in the kitchen and cooking. But I started working on recipes (食譜) at 10 years old. Reporter: What is your favourite recipe? Rahanna: I like to cook everything. I really like to cook whatever I haven't cooked before. Reporte

62、r: _______ Rahanna: I'm better about making sure I have my ingredients (原料) in order. I' m able to work a lot faster in the kitchen. Reporter: How did you get on the show? Rahanna: I went to London for a boot camp (集訓(xùn)營(yíng)). There were 20 to 25 children, and we all had little challenges (挑戰(zhàn)) that we

63、 had to do, showing our skills. They whittled the group down each day and the top 12 got to go on the show. Reporter: What's next for you? Rahanna: I'll be looking for a part-time job in a restaurant kitchen. I'm also working on a book. It'll be more than just a cookbook, there'll be surprises to

64、o! 4．What can we learn about "Top Chef Junior"? A．14 kids took part. B．Rahanna won first place. C．It took place in Cambridge, UN. D．It is a national cooking competition. 5．Which question can be put in _______ A．Who cooks best in your family? B．What did you learn from being on the show?

65、 C．Are you satisfied with what you did on the show? D．Any advice for kids who are interested in cooking? 6．What does the interview mainly talk about? A．The introductions of the chef Rahanna about cooking. B．How he finished second in the cooking competition. C．What he will do after the competiti

66、on. D．How he got on the show. 7．Rahanna plans to_________. A．open her own restaurant B．go to more competitions C．look for more part-time jobs D．make her cookbook special 【文章大意】來(lái)自美國(guó)加利福尼亞州的13歲的Rahanna參加了“Top Chef Junior”的廚藝比賽，獲得第二名。文章是記者對(duì)她的采訪。 4．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Early this year, she took part in "Top Chef Junior", a cooking competition show for 12 chefs, ages 11 to 14, from all over England. 今年早些時(shí)候，她參加了一個(gè)由12位廚師參加的烹飪比賽，來(lái)自英國(guó)各地，年齡從11歲到14歲?？芍?，故選D。 5．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù). They whittled the group down each d