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1、at a loss what to do是一種什么結(jié)構(gòu)？
有網(wǎng)友問：我看到這樣一個(gè)句子：I was completely at a loss what to do. 請(qǐng)問，這個(gè)句子中what to do前面為什么沒有介詞作連接，at a loss后面就直接接了賓語(yǔ)從句，而前面的部分根本沒有給賓語(yǔ)留位置，這是怎么回事？
at a loss是介詞短語(yǔ)，也是英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，意為“感到困惑；不知所措”，之后經(jīng)常跟wh-word + to do形式。由于表達(dá)“疑問”的概念，所以后面的從句不用that引導(dǎo)，而是用帶有疑問的wh-word引導(dǎo)。at a loss跟wh-word從句的情況相對(duì)較少，而跟
2、wh-word + to do居多。下面是at a loss的用法：
1. at a loss之后跟wh-word 從句：
The police were at a loss who should be blamed for the accident. 警方不知道誰(shuí)要為這起交通事故受到譴責(zé)。
She was at a loss what she should do. 她不知該怎么辦好。
2. at a loss之后跟wh-word + to do：
She is timid and completely at a loss what to do.她羞臊得不知所措。
Mary is
3、at a loss when to start. 瑪麗不知道何時(shí)開始。
He was at a loss how to cut the knot. 他不知如何才能大刀闊斧地解決這一難題。
There are so many designs that I'm at a loss which to choose. 款式如此之多，我不知該選哪個(gè)。
Facing risks, human beings are not at a loss what to do. 面對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，人類并非處于虧損該怎么辦。
She was at a loss how to cope with the situation
4、. 她不知如何去應(yīng)付這種局面。
He is always at a loss what to say in front of strangers.他在生人面前總是不知要說(shuō)什么。
3. at a loss之后直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式：
She is at a loss to know what to do. 她不知道干什么好。
I am at a loss to remember his name. 我一下子記不起他的名字。
One is at a loss to suggest a possible improvement. 人們不知該如何提出可能的改進(jìn)方法。
She was at a
5、loss to give words to indignation. 她簡(jiǎn)直不知道該如何用語(yǔ)方來(lái)表達(dá)她的義憤。
I was at a loss to give response to his challenge. 我不知該對(duì)他的挑戰(zhàn)做出什么反應(yīng)。
Detectives are so far at a loss to explain the reason of his death. 至今偵探對(duì)他的死因仍茫然不解。
Even the specialist was at a loss to provide a solution to this trouble. 即使是專家也沒能提供解決這一難題
6、的辦法。
I am always at a loss to know how much to believe of my own stories. 我老是在困惑，對(duì)自己寫的那些故事究應(yīng)相信到什么程度。
4. at a loss之后跟as to(about) + wh-word：
I am at a loss as to what happens now. 我對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情，真有點(diǎn)兒摸不著頭腦。
They were at a loss as to how to meet the situation. 他們手足無(wú)措，不知該如何應(yīng)付這一局面。
She was at a loss as
7、to how to explain it. 她全然不知道該如何說(shuō)明這件事。
James was at a loss as to what to do and felt lost. 詹姆斯無(wú)所適從，惘然若失。
Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case of a real fire. 一旦真的發(fā)生火災(zāi)，許多人就不知所措，不知道該干什么好了。
I was at a loss about what to do, how to organize. 當(dāng)時(shí)我對(duì)于如何組織毫無(wú)頭緒。
5. at a loss + for：
He was at
8、 a loss for a suitable reply. 他不知所措，找不出合適的答復(fù)。
He was at a loss for words to express his disappointment. 他不知道用什么話表示他失望的心情。
He was at a loss for an explanation of the affair. 他不知道該如何解釋那件事。
I'm at a loss for words to describe my feelings. 我無(wú)法形容自己的感受。
The question embarrassed him so much that he was
9、 quite at a loss for an answer. 這個(gè)問題窘得他無(wú)言可答。
【個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)】
現(xiàn)在對(duì)I was completely at a loss what to do.這句話做一分析。我認(rèn)為：
一、把be at a loss理解為及物動(dòng)詞wonder或don’t know，在理解時(shí)可用wonder或don’t know取而代之。那么，what to do看作是be at a loss的賓語(yǔ)。同樣，wh-word 從句視為賓語(yǔ)從句。
二、在at a loss之后視為省略了介詞（如as to，前面已舉例）。例如：I was completely at a loss as
10、to what to do. 此時(shí)，be at a loss為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，as to后面的部分為方面狀語(yǔ)。
三、把what to do看作是loss的同位語(yǔ)。這跟idea, doubt的用法類似，例如：
I have no idea what you mean. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不明白你的意思。
There is some doubt whether he will be elected. 他是否能當(dāng)選還不太確定。
She was at a loss what she should do. 她不知該怎么辦好。
此外，at a loss的本義是“虧本，虧損”，在句中做狀語(yǔ)。例如：
I don't want to sell the house at a loss. 我不想虧本出售這棟房子。
The restaurant is running at a loss. 那家餐館正虧本經(jīng)營(yíng)。
If you buy a house for 22000 and sell it for 20000 you are selling at a loss. 如果你買房時(shí)花了22000英鎊，賣時(shí)只賣20000英鎊，那么你就賠錢了。
2015年高中英語(yǔ)疑難探究 at a loss what to do是一種什么結(jié)構(gòu)？素材
