2020屆高考英語二輪復習 閱讀中的常見詞匯 妙招4 一詞多義對比記單詞學案

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1、妙招4一詞多義對比記單詞 1．a(chǎn)dvance 詞性詞義 例句 vi.前進；上漲 vt.提出 The water is advancing at a rate of 5cm a day. 水位正以每天5厘米的速度上升。 n.提前；預先；增長；上漲；預付款 It is a good idea to place your order well in advance. 提前下好訂單是個好主意。 adj.預先的；先行的 They have got advance information of the storm's approach. 他們事先已得到將有暴風雨的消息。

2、 2．a(chǎn)dvocate 詞性詞義 例句 vt.提倡；擁護 The supermarket does not advocate the use of plastic bags. 該超市不支持使用塑料包裝袋。 n.提倡者；擁護者 He is an advocate of low carbon lifestyle. 他是一個低碳生活方式的擁護者。 3．a(chǎn)verage 詞性詞義 例句 n.平均數(shù) His average for his high school course was 90.他高中功課的平均成績是90分。 adj.平均的 The average pric

3、e of goods rose by just 2.2%.商品的平均價格僅上漲了2.2%。 vi.平均vt.將……平均分配 The children average seven years of age. 這些孩子的平均年齡為7歲。 4．bargain 詞性詞義 例句 n.便宜貨 She knows a bargain when she sees one. 她有辨別便宜貨的能力。 vt.&vi.討價還價 The salesman refused to bargain over price.推銷員拒絕討價還價。 5．benefit 詞性詞義 例句 vt.&v

4、i.受益；得益于 The students have benefited a lot from their participation in various kinds of social activities. 學生們參與各種社會活動，受益匪淺。 n.益處，好處 Many people find that regular physical activity gives them some unexpected benefits.很多人發(fā)現(xiàn)定期運動為他們帶來了一些意想不到的好處。 6．cheer 詞性詞義 例句 vi.歡呼 The crowd cheered loudl

5、y when Lang Lang went up the steps to the bandstand. 當郎朗走上演奏臺的臺階時，人群高聲歡呼起來。 vt.為……歡呼、加油 We all cheered the runners on as they started the last lap.他們進入最后一圈時，我們都為運動員加油鼓勁。 n.喝彩；歡呼 All the students burst into cheers when he finished his speech on school reform. 當他做完關于學校改革的演講時，全體學生爆發(fā)出了歡呼聲。 7．

6、content 詞性詞義 例句 n.內(nèi)容 The content of the textbook is quite beyond the children's understanding. 教材的內(nèi)容大大超出了孩子們的理解力。 adj.滿足的 After a good meal, we were all content. 美餐一頓之后，我們都感到心滿意足。 8．couple 詞性詞義 例句 n.一對；一雙；一些；幾個 There are a couple of books I'd like you to read.有幾本書我想讓你讀讀。 n.夫妻 The

7、young couple enjoy wandering around the streets at weekends. 這對小夫妻喜歡周末在街上閑逛。 vt.連接 The train will be ready to leave when all the carriages have been coupled.當所有車廂都連接好時列車就可以準備開出了。 9．crowd 詞性詞義 例句 n.人群；群眾 There was a big crowd and we had trouble getting a taxi. 人群非常擁擠，我們很難打到出租車。 vi.聚集；擁擠

8、 The eager audience crowded into the stadium.迫不及待的觀眾涌入體育場內(nèi)。 vt.塞滿 Don't crowd the bedroom with too much furniture.不要在臥室里擺放過多的家具。 10．express 詞性詞義 例句 vt.表達 I was too excited to express to you how grateful I am. 我太激動而無法表達對你的深深感激。 adj.明確的；迅速的 He left express instructions to keep all doors

9、locked.他明確指示要把門都鎖好。 n.快車；快遞 Where do I take the express to London？ 我在哪里能乘坐開往倫敦的快車？ 11．fancy 詞性詞義 例句 n.幻想；想象力 The teacher's story inspired the fancy of the pupils.老師的故事激發(fā)了學生們的想象力。 adj.想象的；奇特的 The birthday present was packaged in a fancy case with attractive patterns. 生日禮物裝在一個有著漂亮圖案的別致的盒

10、子里。 vt.想象；喜歡 Some little girls will fancy themselves as pretty princesses. 有些小女孩會把自己想象成漂亮的公主。 12．free 詞性詞義 例句 adj.自由的；免費的；空閑的 The teacher demanded that his students do some reading in their free time. 老師要求他的學生在空余時間閱讀書籍。 vt.使自由；解放 She freed herself from stress by listening to some so

11、ft music. 她通過聽柔和的音樂使自己擺脫了壓力。 13．graduate 詞性詞義 例句 vi.畢業(yè) I graduated from a teaching college 20 years ago.二十年前我從一所師范學校畢業(yè)。 n.畢業(yè)生 Although he was only a high school graduate, he achieved great success in his business.盡管他只是個高中畢業(yè)生，但他在自己的生意上取得了很大的成功。 14．guide 詞性詞義 例句 n.指南 Our 10-page guid

12、e will help you to change your life for the better. 我們這本十頁的指南會幫助你們改善生活。 n.向導 We have arranged for a guide to show you around our city. 我們安排了一名向導帶你參觀我們的城市。 vt.帶領 The local man will guide you to the top of the mountain.這位當?shù)厝藭ьI你們爬到山頂。 15．judge 詞性詞義 例句 vt.判斷；評判 Never judge a person by hi

13、s appearance. 不要以貌取人。 vt.判決 The woman was finally judged guilty. 那個女人最終被判有罪。 n.法官；裁判 The judge postponed the hearing until next Tuesday.法官將聽證會延至下周二。 16．major 詞性詞義 例句 n.攻讀某個專業(yè)的學生 As English majors, they take great interest in the culture of English-speaking countries. 作為英語專業(yè)的學生，他們對說英

14、語國家的文化很感興趣。 vi.專攻；主修 They are students majoring in Chemistry, who have to spend a lot of time in the lab doing experiments every day. 他們是主修化學的學生，每天都得花大量的時間在實驗室做實驗。 adj. 主要的 In some cities in North China, air pollution has become a major health hazard. 在中國北方的一些城市，空氣污染成了人們健康的主要威脅。 17．mask

15、詞性詞義 例句 n.面具 A man wearing a mask robbed the store last night.昨天晚上，一個戴面具的男人搶劫了這家商店。 vt.掩蓋 They tried hard to mask their true intentions.他們努力掩蓋他們的真實意圖。 18．match 詞性詞義 例句 n.比賽 In the European countries many football fans will enjoy the matches in the pub during the World Cup.世界杯期間，很多歐洲國家的

16、球迷喜歡在酒吧看比賽。 n.火柴 My younger brother collected a lot of car models which were as small as match boxes. 我弟弟收集了許多像火柴盒一樣小的汽車模型。 n.匹配 All their friends regard the couple as a perfect match.所有朋友都認為他們是天生一對。 vt.把……嫁給 The rich man refused to match his daughter with the poor clerk.這個有錢人拒絕把女兒嫁給那個貧窮的文員。

17、 vt.比得上 It seemed that no one in the world could match the skill of the well-known carver. 世界上似乎沒有人的技藝能比得上那位出名的雕刻師。 vt.&vi.匹配 Your white trousers match your shoes well. 你的白褲子和鞋很相配。 19．material 詞性詞義 例句 n.材料 The project was delayed because of the shortage of some materials. 由于某些材料的短

18、缺工程被拖延了。 adj.物質(zhì)的；實質(zhì)的 People have to give up some material comfort to stop global warming.人們不得不放棄一些物質(zhì)享受以阻止全球變暖。 20．mean 詞性詞義 例句 adj.吝嗇的 He was such a mean businessman that he would never lend a penny to his partners. 他是一位非常吝嗇的生意人，他從不借一分錢給合作者。 vi.意欲 What do you mean by buying so many book

19、s on economics at a time？ 你一次買那么多經(jīng)濟方面的書想要干什么？ vt.意味著 His promotion means a raise in salary. 他的升職意味著加薪。 21．measure 詞性詞義 例句 n.措施；方法 What measures will you take to improve your oral English？你會采取什么方法來提高你的英語口語水平？ vt.衡量；測量 Do you figure out some effective measures to measure the height of

20、the cliff？ 你找到測量懸崖高度的有效方法了嗎？ 22．mind 詞性詞義 例句 vt.介意 Do you mind my opening the window？ 你介意我開窗嗎？ vt.照顧；照看 My son can mind the store for me. 我兒子能幫我照看商店。 vt.務必 Mind you tell my father. 你別忘了告訴我父親。 n.大腦 I'm trying to clear my mind of all this. 我試圖把這一切都從我腦子里清理出去。 n.才智 Studying stretc

21、hed my mind and got me thinking about things. 學習擴展了我的才智，使我開始思考。 23．move 詞性詞義 例句 n.移動；行動 He is still thinking about his next move. 他仍在考慮他的下一步行動。 vi.&vt.移動 As his legs were hurt in the accident, he was unable to move himself.因為在事故中雙腿受傷，所以他無法讓自己挪動一步。 vi.遷移；離開 Many young people move from

22、countryside to the cities to seek more working opportunities.很多年輕人從鄉(xiāng)村來到城市，尋找更多的工作機會。 vt.感動 All the people in the neighbourhood were moved by the young man who saved three drowned children at the cost of his own life. 附近的所有人都被這個以犧牲自己的生命為代價救了三個溺水的孩子的年輕人感動了。 24．narrow 詞性詞義 例句 v.縮小 The teache

23、r asked the students to narrow down their topics before writing. 老師要求學生寫作前先把題目的范圍縮小。 adj.窄的 It's impossible for me to drive my car through such a narrow path.要我開車從那么窄的弄堂里穿過去是不可能的。 25．object 詞性詞義 例句 n.目標；目的 He told me the object of the activity is to raise money for the charity to help the

24、 childless old people.他告訴我此次活動的目的是為慈善募捐來幫助那些無兒無女的老人。 vi.反對 We will not put it into practice if you object to the plan. 如果你反對這個計劃，我們就不實施了。 26．overlook 詞性詞義 例句 vt.忽略 Some successful businessmen were so busy that they overlooked some sorts of warning signals about their health. 一些成功的商人因為太忙

25、而忽略了一些與他們健康有關的警告信號。 vt.俯瞰 In the new house we have three pretty and comfortable rooms overlooking a grassland. 在我們的新房子里有三個漂亮而舒適的房間可以俯瞰一片草地。 27．pack 詞性詞義 例句 vt.包裝 They offered the laid-off worker a job of packing boxes in a warehouse.他們?yōu)槟俏幌聧徆と颂峁┝艘环菰趥}庫打包的工作。 vi.打點行李 We are busy packing fo

26、r a journey. 我們忙著為旅行打點行李。 n.包裹；背包 When you climb a mountain, you should take everything unnecessary out of your pack.你爬山時應把所有不需要的東西從包里拿出去。 n.一組；一伙 A pack of wolves went ravening about in the forest.一群狼在森林中到處覓食。 28．power 詞性詞義 例句 n.權力 It is within my power. 那是在我的權力范圍之內(nèi)。 n.能力；力量 It see

27、ms that the Internet has the power to change the way we live. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)似乎有能力改變我們的生活方式。 vt.促進 A second Green Revolution will be powered by the wonder of genetic engineering. 基因工程將推動第二次綠色革命。 29．press 詞性詞義 例句 n.壓力 Now many young people feel the press of modern life.現(xiàn)在很多年輕人都感受到了現(xiàn)代生活的壓力。 n.新聞；出版社

28、 He will announce something important at the press conference. 他會在記者招待會上宣布一些重要的事情。 vt.壓；按；施加壓力 Don't press your opinion on the younger generation.不要將你的想法強加給年輕的一代。 30．race 詞性詞義 例句 n.種族 In some countries, some white people have prejudice against the coloured races. 在一些國家，有些白人對有色人種有偏見。 n

29、.賽跑 My son won the first prize in the race competition in school. 我兒子在學校的跑步比賽中獲得了第一名。 vi.疾跑 She jumped off her bicycle and raced to the library.她跳下自行車飛奔向圖書館。 vt.和……賽跑 I'll race you to the bus stop. 我要和你比一比誰先跑到公交車站。 31．rank 詞性詞義 例句 n.軍銜 He eventually rose to the rank of captain in his

30、 forties. 在四十多歲的時候他最終升到了上尉軍銜。 n.等級 The wealthy man bought the masterpiece of a painter of the first rank. 這位有錢人買了一幅一流畫家的杰作。 vt.把……分等級 Ma Long is ranked among the best ping-pang players in the world.馬龍被列入世界上最優(yōu)秀的乒乓球運動員之列。 vt.排列 His books were tidily ranked on the shelf. 他的書都整齊地排列在書架上。 3

31、2．regard 詞性詞義 例句 vt.認為；看待；考慮 He was regarded as one of the greatest basketball players in the world. 他被認為是世界上最偉大的籃球運動員之一。 She left the school without regarding her parents' opinion. 她沒有考慮父母的意見就離開了學校。 n.尊重 We have very high regard for him and what he has achieved. 我們很尊重他和他取得的成就。 33．ru

32、in 詞性詞義 例句 n.廢墟 They hoped that they could find some critical evidence in the ruins, but in vain. 他們希望能在廢墟上找到關鍵的證據(jù)，但是徒勞無功。 vt.破壞；摧毀 Their friendship over the years was ruined by misunderstanding. 他們多年的友誼被誤解所破壞。 34．score 詞性詞義 例句 vt.得分 The middle school student scored an average of 14

33、6 on three separate IQ tests. 這名中學生在三個獨立的智商測試中得到了146分的平均分。 n.分數(shù) He won the US Open Golf Tournament with a score of 287. 他以287分在美國高爾夫公開賽中奪冠。 n.幾十 There are scores of boxes in the warehouse.倉庫里有幾十個箱子。 35．sense 詞性詞義 例句 vt.感覺到；感知 She was disappointed and angry when she sensed that he didn

34、't tell the truth to her. 當她發(fā)現(xiàn)他沒有告訴她真相時，她感到失望又生氣。 vt.理解 Most students can't sense the meaning of the sentence.多數(shù)學生都不懂這個句子的意思。 n.道理；理智 What my grandpa said always made sense. 我爺爺說的話總是很有道理。 36．sink 詞性詞義 例句 vi.沉沒 The ship hit the iceberg and sank fast. 船撞到冰山并迅速沉沒了。 vt.使下沉；使低落 In a ba

35、ttle at sea, we succeeded in sinking five enemy's ships. 在一次海戰(zhàn)中，我們成功擊沉了五艘敵船。 n.水槽 The sink was full of dirty dishes. 水槽里滿是臟盤子。 37．spare 詞性詞義 例句 adj.空余的；多余的 You'd better read as many books as possible in your spare time. 你最好在空余時間盡量多讀書。 vt.寬恕 We should not pity nor spare our enemy.

36、我們既不應同情也不應寬恕我們的敵人。 vt.緩解 Your joke spared her embarrassment. 你的笑話緩解了她的尷尬。 vt.分出；分讓 We spare no effort to keep the peace between the two parties. 我們不遺余力地使雙方保持和平。 38．stress 詞性詞義 例句 n.壓力 He suffered from insomnia because of the heavy stress from his work. 他因工作壓力大而患上了失眠癥。 vt.強調(diào) The sp

37、okesman stressed the importance of fairness and harmony. 發(fā)言人強調(diào)了公平、和諧的重要性。 n.重音 While pronouncing the word, put the stress in the second syllable. 讀這個單詞時，把重音放在第二個音節(jié)上。 vt.重讀 The nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in the sentences should be stressed while reading.讀句子時，句子中的名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞都應該重讀。

38、 39．strike 詞性詞義 例句 n.罷工 The organizers of the strike are determined to press on until the employers agree to shorten their working time.罷工組織者決心將繼續(xù)罷工直到雇主同意縮短工作時間。 vt.打擊 He was struck by a heavy blow and lost consciousness. 他被重重地打了一下，失去了知覺。 vt.撞擊 To avoid hitting the passers-by, she made a

39、sudden turn and her car directly struck a tree.為了避免撞到行人，她一個急轉，她的車直接撞到了樹上。 40．swallow 詞性詞義 例句 n.吞咽 He lifted his cup and took a swallow of coffee.他拿起杯子，喝了一口咖啡。 n.燕子 One swallow doesn't make a summer. 一燕不成夏。 vt.吞咽；吞；吞并 You should chew your food well before you swallow it.你應該細嚼食物后，再吞下去。

40、Many small companies have been swallowed up by the huge multinational. 許多小公司被這家大型跨國企業(yè)吞并了。 41．switch 詞性詞義 例句 n.開關；閘 She put some dirty dishes into the dishwasher, shut the door and pressed the switch. 她把那些臟盤子放入洗碗機，關上門后按了開始鍵。 vt.轉換；關上 He left the house without switching off the light.他離開了

41、屋子，沒有關燈。 vt.突然奪下；迅速移動 He switched the letter from my hand and read it before class.他一把搶過我手里的信，在全班同學面前念了起來。 42．track 詞性詞義 例句 vt.追蹤 The policemen tracked the criminal to his hideout.警察追蹤罪犯到了他的藏身之處。 n.蹤跡 They faded away in the darkness, leaving no tracks.他們消失在黑夜中，沒有留下一點蹤跡。 n.小路 They passed

42、 a muddy track through the forest.他們穿過森林的泥濘小路。 43．treasure 詞性詞義 例句 n.珍寶 The old castle was large and full of art treasures. 這座古老的城堡很大，里面滿是藝術珍寶。 vt.珍惜 She treasures her memories of those joyous days living together with her best friend in the countryside.她很珍惜和最好的朋友一起在農(nóng)村度過的快樂歲月。 44．tri

43、ck 詞性詞義 例句 vt.欺騙 The old lady was tricked into buying something expensive but useless. 這位老婦人被騙買了很貴且無用的東西。 n.把戲；玩笑 They are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering me. 他們正在捉弄那個一直騷擾我的男人。 45．view 詞性詞義 例句 vt.看作；認為；考慮 We can view the problems in many ways. 我們可以從多方面來考慮這些問題。 n.觀點

44、From my point of view, he is innocent although he appeared at scene.我的觀點是：盡管他出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)場，但他是無辜的。 n.景色 Living in this room, you can go to bed with one view and wake up with another. 住在這個房間，你可以在一種景色的相伴中入眠，而在醒來時看到另一種景色。 46．witness 詞性詞義 例句 vt.見證；目擊 Over the past 20 years, the city has witnessed dramatic changes. 二十年來，這個城市見證了引人注目的變化。 n.目擊者 It was reported that the only witness of the accident was killed at home. 據(jù)報道，事故的唯一目擊者在家中被殺了。 - 15 -