2020版高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)作業(yè)37 Unit 2 Cloning（含解析）新人教版選修8

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1、課 時(shí) 作 業(yè)　 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2019·煙臺(tái)一中高三適應(yīng)性考試) China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells, reducing the need to breed lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective and affordable animal tests for new drugs, scientists said on Thursday. By December, the Insti

2、tute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques(獼猴) named“Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transferring of somatic cells(體細(xì)胞)—any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the world's first cloned monkey, but it

3、was done by using a simpler method called embryo splitting(胚胎分割); but it could only generate four cloned offspring at a time and cannot be genetically changed to suit the experimental need. Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate(靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)) that share

4、s its genetic makeup, and therefore all of its complexity, with humans. For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly and bad for the environment, and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes. By cloning

5、 monkey using somatic cells, we can massively cultivate large numbers of genetically identical offspring in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs. This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medici

6、ne. Sun Qiang, director of the non-human primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials are currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different. “Monkeys and humans

7、 are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans，”he said. This is especially useful in testing drugs for neural (神經(jīng)的) diseases such as Parkinson's disease, metabolic syndrome (代謝綜合征) and immune system diseases, and tumor

8、s, he added. “This achievement will help China lead the world research in the international science projects related to neural mapping of primate brains，”he said. “However, bio labs from the United States, Japan, and European countries are also very capable, and they will quickly catch up with Chin

9、a after the monkey cloning technology is made public，” Sun added. “This means we have to innovate continuously and work extra hard this year to stay ahead，” he said. 本文是一篇科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文。講述了中國(guó)在克隆技術(shù)上取得的成就——中國(guó)成了第一個(gè)使用非生殖細(xì)胞克隆獼猴的國(guó)家。 1．Which of the following is the most important factor in cloning macaques name

10、d “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua”？ A．Reproductive cells. B．Somatic cells. C．Neural mapping. D．Genetic makeup. 答案：B 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques(獼猴) named “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transfe

11、rring of somatic cells(體細(xì)胞)—any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.可知，克隆的獼猴“中中”和“華華”最重要的因素是通過(guò)體細(xì)胞核移植。故選B。 2．Why is cloning monkeys so difficult? A．Because it is bad for our environment. B．Because each monkey might have different genes. C．Because monkeys' genetic makeup is as compl

12、icated as humans. D．Because it is too expensive to work on their genetic makeup. 答案：C 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate(靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)) that shares its genetic makeup, and therefore all of its complexity, with humans.可知，由于猴子是靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物且與

13、人類(lèi)的基因相似，其復(fù)雜性也相似，所以用體細(xì)胞克隆猴子是一個(gè)世界級(jí)的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 8? A．The cure for neural diseases. B．The process of cloning monkeys. C．The significance of cloning monkeys. D．The close relations between monkeys and humans. 答案：C 解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第八段內(nèi)容可知，此段主要說(shuō)明克隆猴子的重要性，可以幫助人類(lèi)測(cè)試藥物。故選C。

14、 4．What can we infer from this passage? A．More effective medicine will be produced. B．Drug trials on lab mice will be abandoned. C．China is the first country to have cloned monkeys. D．China will stay ahead of the world in cloning. 答案：A 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段This can save time, cut down experiment co

15、sts, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine. 可知，此舉可節(jié)省時(shí)間，降低試驗(yàn)費(fèi)用，并且可以使結(jié)果更精確，帶來(lái)更高效的藥物。由此可以推測(cè)出，更多的有效藥物將被生產(chǎn)出來(lái)。故選A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019·廣東省湛江市高三調(diào)研) This morning I saw an old man.A few months ago he was __1__ cans and bottles from the recycle bins in my neighborhood.I was __2__ t

16、o see and saddened by the fact that he had to do this to __3__.I thought about putting bottles in a bag for him with a note attached __4__ that the bag was for him to take，but then thought it may not be the best __5__.So I let it go. One __6__ day I saw him again riding his bike with bags of bottle

17、s __7__ to his handle-bars wearing a raincoat.My heart __8__.I felt __9__ thinking I could never connect with him. So you can imagine my __10__ when I saw him during my walk again.Then I __11__ the big bag of cans and bottles I had collected.“He can have those！” I thought.I walked __12__ over to hi

18、m and managed to whisper a very quiet “Hi”．I was a little __13__.I had never approached anyone like him before.I asked him if he could wait there so that I could get him some more __14__.He said，“That would be very much appreciated.” I __15__ my bag and came back in 5 minutes and there he was in th

19、e shade __16__.I handed the bag to him and __17__ to him that it wasn't much.And then with a bright __18__ he said，“Every little bit __19__.Thanks so much.” I wished him a great day and restarted my walk feeling a little __20__ in my step. 錯(cuò)失了一次幫助拾荒老人的機(jī)會(huì)讓我非常后悔。所以當(dāng)我再看到他時(shí)，我便毫不猶豫地幫助了他。 1．A.picking

20、B．buying C．gathering D．collecting 答案：D 解析：考查現(xiàn)在分詞。A.picking采摘，挑選；B.buying買(mǎi)；C.gathering聚集；D.collecting收集。由本空后的the recycle bins推斷，幾個(gè)月以 前，我見(jiàn)到他正從我房后的垃圾箱里撿 (collecting) 廢瓶子和罐子。故選D。 2．A.shocked B．excited C．a(chǎn)nnoyed D．disappointed 答案：A 解析：考查形容詞。A.shocked感到震驚；B.excited感到興奮；C.annoyed感到煩惱；D.disappoi

21、nted感到失望。他必須靠這生存，我為這一事實(shí)感到很震驚，很難過(guò)。故選A。 3．A.work B．manage C．survive D．earn 答案：C 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.work工作；B.manage管理；C.survive生存；D.earn掙得。他必須靠這生存，我為這一事實(shí)感到很震驚，很難過(guò)。故選C。 4．A.writing B．reading C．speaking D．telling 答案：B 解析：考查現(xiàn)在分詞。A.writing寫(xiě)；B.reading閱讀；C.speaking說(shuō)；D.telling告訴。我想把瓶子放在袋子里給他，并附上一張紙條，

22、上面寫(xiě)著這個(gè)袋子是要給他的。表示紙條上寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容時(shí)要用reading而不用writing。故選B。 5．A.idea B．experiment C．suggestion D．fact 答案：A 解析：考查名詞。A.idea注意，想法；B.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；C.suggestion建議；D.fact事實(shí)。但是，然后我認(rèn)為這可能不是最好的想法。故選A。 6．A.cloudy B．windy C．sunny D．rainy 答案：D 解析：考查形容詞。A.cloudy多云的；B.windy多風(fēng)的；C.sunny陽(yáng)光明媚的；D.rainy有雨的。根據(jù)下文的

23、wearing a raincoat，可知這是一個(gè)下雨的天。故選D。 7．A.stuck B．a(chǎn)ttached C．placed D．led 答案：B 解析：考查過(guò)去分詞。A.stuck卡?。籅.attached附上；C.placed放；D.led領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。一個(gè)下雨的天，我又看見(jiàn)他騎著自行車(chē)，在他把手上掛著一袋瓶子，穿著雨衣。attached to附屬于……，附著。故選B。 8．A.went down B．broke down C．sank down D．fell down 答案：C 解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞組。A.went down下來(lái)；B.broke down打

24、破，壞了；C.sank down沉落；D.fell down落下，倒下?？吹缴厦孢@一幕，我的心沉下去了。故選C。 9．A.unlucky B．unsafe C．careless D．powerless 答案：D 解析：考查形容詞。A.unlucky不幸運(yùn)的；B.unsafe不安全的；C.careless粗心的；D.powerless無(wú)力的。我覺(jué)得無(wú)力，我從來(lái)都沒(méi)有與他聯(lián)系。故選D。 10．A.disappointment B．surprise C．doubt D．relief 答案：B 解析：考查名詞。A.disappointment失望；B.surpr

25、ise驚訝；C.doubt懷疑；D.relief安慰。你可以想象我在走路時(shí)又看到他時(shí)的驚訝。故選B。 11．A.remembered B．reminded C．recovered D．regained 答案：A 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.remembered記得；B.reminded提醒；C.recovered恢復(fù)；D.regained重新獲得。我記得我收集的易拉罐和瓶子。故選A。 12．A.patiently B．sharply C．quietly D．happily 答案：C 解析：考查副詞。A.patiently耐心地；B.sharply急劇地；C.qu

26、ietly安靜地；D.happily高興地。我靜靜地走近他，小聲對(duì)他問(wèn)好。故選C。 13．A.calm B．nervous C．generous D．curious 答案：B 解析：考查形容詞。A.calm冷靜的；B.nervous緊張不安的；C.generous慷慨的；D.curious好奇的。我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有靠近過(guò)像他這樣的人，我有點(diǎn)緊張。故選B。 14．A.rubbish B．bottles C．money D．gifts 答案：B 解析：考查名詞。A.rubbish垃圾；B.bottles瓶子；C.money錢(qián)；D.gifts禮物。我問(wèn)他是否能在這

27、里等著我，我給他拿來(lái)更多的瓶子。故選B。 15．A.left B．found C．moved D．fetched 答案：D 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.left離開(kāi)；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.moved移動(dòng)；D.fetched(去)取來(lái)。我去取我的包，五分鐘以后回來(lái)，他在陰涼里等我。故選D。 16．A.thinking B．sleeping C．counting D．waiting 答案：D 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.thinking認(rèn)為；B.sleeping睡覺(jué)；C.counting 計(jì)數(shù)；D.waiting等待。我去取我的包，五分鐘以后回來(lái)，他在陰涼里等我。故選D。

28、 17．A.apologized B．shouted C．a(chǎn)rgued D．reported 答案：A 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.apologized道歉；B.shouted大喊；C.argued爭(zhēng)論；D.reported報(bào)道。我把包交給他并向他道歉說(shuō)不是很多。故選A。 18．A.look B．color C．smile D．future 答案：C 解析：考查名詞。A.look看；B.color顏色；C.smile微笑；D.future未來(lái)。他露出燦爛的微笑，老人認(rèn)為對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)每件廢品都能幫到他。故選C。 19．A.helps B．means C．de

29、pends D．goes 答案：A 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。A.helps幫助；B.means意味著；C.depends依賴(lài)；D.goes去。由本空后的Thanks so much推斷，老人認(rèn)為對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)每件廢品都能幫(helps ) 到他。故選A。 20．A.stronger B．slower C．lighter D．heavier 答案：C 解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。A.stronger更強(qiáng)壯；B.slower更慢；C.lighter更輕；D.heavier更重。作者做了好事后心情很好，于是邁著輕快的步子繼續(xù)向前走著，故選C。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 (2019·湖南省湘東五

30、校聯(lián)考) In 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay succeeded __1__ climbing to the top of Mount Everest, at 11：30 am, on May 29. They were the first people __2__ (reach) the top of Mount Everest. Edmund Hilary was a New Zealand mountaineer, __3__ (explore) and philanthropist (慈善家), and Tenzing Norgay

31、 was a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer. Both of them were part of the ninth British expedition to Everest __4__ (lead) by John Hunt in 1953. For this expedition, Hunt selected a group of people who were __5__ (experience) in climbing mountains in the whole British Empire. In the group, Edmund Hilary __6

32、__ (select) from New Zealand, and Tensing Norgay was actually recruited (招收) from India where he lived. Before climbing, the expedition had been organized and planned for months. They made nine camps on their way up, some of __7__ have been still used by climbers up to now. In fact, the first team

33、made __8__ to the place which was just 300 feet below the summit, __9__ they left on May 26. They actually had already reached the point that no man had reached before. They were forced to leave because of the bad weather and because there were __10__ (problem) with their oxygen tanks. 本文講述了1953年Ed

34、mund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay和他們的團(tuán)隊(duì)成功登上珠穆朗瑪峰，成為第一批到達(dá)峰頂?shù)娜恕? 1．in　解析：考查固定搭配。succeed in doing sth.成功做某事，故答案為in。 2．to_reach　解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式。the first(second...)to do sth.第一(第二……)做某事的，此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，故答案為to reach。 3．explorer　解析：考查名詞。句意：Edmund Hilary是一位新西蘭的登山者、探索者和慈善家。結(jié)合句意可知答案為explorer。 4．led　解析：考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：這兩人都是

35、1953年John Hunt率領(lǐng)的第九次珠穆朗瑪峰英國(guó)考察隊(duì)的隊(duì)員。the ninth British expedition to Everest 和lead之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處是過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故答案為led。 5．experienced　解析：考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。be experienced in doing sth.在做某事上有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故答案為experienced(有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的)。 6．was_selected　解析：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：Edmund Hilary從新西蘭被選中。文章在講述過(guò)去的事情，所以句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案為was selected。 7．which　

36、解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們?cè)谏仙降倪^(guò)程中建造了9個(gè)營(yíng)地，其中一些至今仍被登山者使用。本句包含一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，nine camps是先行詞，指物；介詞后面用whom(指人)、which(指物)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故答案為which。 8．it　解析：考查固定搭配。make it成功做成某事，故答案為it。 9．but　解析：考查并列連詞。句意：事實(shí)上，第一支隊(duì)伍到達(dá)了距離峰頂300英尺的地方，但他們?cè)?月26日離開(kāi)了。前后是一種轉(zhuǎn)折，故答案為but。 10．problems　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：由于天氣不好，而且他們的氧氣罐有問(wèn)題，他們被迫離開(kāi)。此處是there be句型，根據(jù)w

37、ere可知句子主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為problems。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2019·天門(mén)市高三聯(lián)考) My mother loves planting vegetables or she couldn't do it without some land. Last month she bought the tiny piece of land for a peasant, who used to plant fruits and vegetables. Now he has divided his land into piece for sale, providing water for

38、 each piece of land. So it is very convenient grow vegetables. He also directs people how to farm. My mother has already planted several vegetables. Various seeds came out, health and fast. I also love my mother's garden. I often work with Mom, planting, watered and weeding, which bring much pleasu

39、re to us. We are sure to have safe vegetables to eat them this year. 答案 My mother loves planting vegetables she couldn't do it without land. Last month she bought tiny piece of land a peasant, who used to plant fruits and vegetables. Now he has divided his land into for sale, providing water

40、for each piece of land. So it is very convenient grow vegetables. He also directs people how to farm. My mother has already planted several vegetables. Various seeds came out, and fast. I also love my mother's garden. I often work with Mom, planting, and weeding, which much pleasure to us. We are sure to have safe vegetables to eat this year. 8