高三英語一輪語法：第05講 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語

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1、 第五講　動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語 考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞詞義辨析 1．(2013·湖北高考)While intelligent people can often ______ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. A．sacrifice　　　　　　B．substitute C．simplify D．survive 解析：選C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：聰明的人常常能把復(fù)雜的事情簡(jiǎn)單化，而愚蠢的人更可能把簡(jiǎn)單的問題復(fù)雜化。根據(jù)句意可知，這里用simplify與后面的the simple對(duì)應(yīng)，the compl

2、ex與后面的complicate呼應(yīng)。sacrifice“犧牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。 2．(2013·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)Try not to cough more than you can ________ since it may cause problems to your lungs. A．check B．a(chǎn)llow C．stop D．help 解析：選D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：盡量不要過多咳嗽，因?yàn)榭人赃^多可能引發(fā)你的肺部問題。not more than one can help意為“能少盡量少”，符合句意。 3．(2013·浙江高考)A go

3、od listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing. A．realizing B．copying C．offering D．misunderstanding 解析：選C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：善于傾聽的人在談話的時(shí)候，往往會(huì)提出想法和問題，從而使得談話能流暢地進(jìn)行下去。offer“提供，主動(dòng)提出”，符合句意。realize“意識(shí)到”；copy“復(fù)制”；misunderstand“誤解”。 考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞短語辨析 4．(2013·

4、湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time ________ for sleep — pure and simple. A．set aside　　　　　　　　B．set down C．set off D．set up 解析：選A　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：在很多動(dòng)物世界里，夜晚完全是用來睡覺的時(shí)間。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”。set aside“留出，撥出(時(shí)間等)”，符合句意。set down“寫下”；set off“出發(fā)，引起”；set up“建立”。 5．(2013·湖北高考)Butterfl

5、ies ________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect. A．carry on B．feed on C．put on D．focus on 解析：選B　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：蝴蝶以花產(chǎn)生的一種甜甜的液體為食，蜜蜂和別的昆蟲則采集這種液體。carry on“繼續(xù)”；feed on“以……為食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于……上)”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B。 6．(2013·遼寧高考)Briggs will ________ as

6、 general manager when Mitchell retires. A．get away B．take over C．set off D．run out 解析：選B　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：米切爾退休時(shí)布里格斯將接任總經(jīng)理職務(wù)。take over“接管，接收”，符合句意。get away“脫身”；set off“出發(fā)”；run out“用完”。 7．(2013·江西高考)Mother always complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly. A．find out B．wash out C．

7、wear out D．set out 解析：選C　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：母親總是抱怨孩子們的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用壞，(使)磨損”，符合語境。find out“查明”；wash out“把……洗掉”；set out“啟程，動(dòng)身”。 一、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析 ①It is thought by some people that E-books might substitute traditional books in the future because of various advantages of E-books over paper ones. 有些人認(rèn)為，將來電子

8、書籍可能取代傳統(tǒng)書籍，因?yàn)殡娮訒^紙質(zhì)書籍有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)。 ②The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.(2013·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ) 那塊表很不錯(cuò)，他以20%的折扣價(jià)買下了它。 ③According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.(2012·浙江高考) 根據(jù)科學(xué)家的研究，我們的智力在22歲達(dá)到最高水平后從27歲開始下降。 ④

9、—Are you still mad at her? —Not really, but I can't deny that her remarks hurt me.(2011·江蘇高考) ——你還在生她的氣嗎？ ——不那么生氣了，不過，我不能否認(rèn)她的話傷害了我。 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析一直都是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，這類題絕大多數(shù)情況下所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義各不相同，沒有關(guān)聯(lián)性，此時(shí)考查的是對(duì)題干和語境的理解。近三年全國(guó)各地高考考查到的還有： ①sacrifice (犧牲); substitute (代替); simplify (簡(jiǎn)化); survive ②conclude; lead; avoi

10、d (避免); hold ③persuade(說服); promise; invite; support ④open; narrow; widen; leave ⑤make; turn; take; have ⑥sponsor (贊助); launch (發(fā)射); organize; plan ⑦tell; remind (提醒); warn; advise 二、動(dòng)詞短語辨析 短語動(dòng)詞是由動(dòng)詞與介詞、名詞或副詞結(jié)合在一起而組成的。有些短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有些則相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞。 1．動(dòng)詞＋副詞 break down　　　　　　　　壞掉；分解；垮下來 break up

11、打碎；分解；分手 bring down 使降低，使下降 come out 出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是 cut down 砍倒；削減 get over 克服 make out 辨認(rèn)出 put away 收起；儲(chǔ)存 set aside 撥出；置于一旁 set off 出發(fā)，引爆 take off 起飛，騰飛；脫掉 take over 接管 turn out 結(jié)果是，證明是 turn down 拒絕，把音量開小 work out 解出，進(jìn)展順利，鍛煉身體 figure out 弄清，搞明白 Traditionally, college student

12、s hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2013·安徽高考) 傳統(tǒng)上，大學(xué)生在開始他們的人生旅途之前會(huì)舉行畢業(yè)典禮來鼓勵(lì)自己。 Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2013·福建高考) 無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在災(zāi)難中癱瘓的時(shí)候，老式電話起到重要作用。 [點(diǎn)津]　“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”搭配構(gòu)成的短語，其賓語若為代詞，應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞與副詞中間。如pu

13、t it on, think it over。 2．動(dòng)詞＋介詞 break into 破門而入 believe in 信任 begin with 以……開始 come across 偶然碰到 depend on 依靠 go through 從……穿過 see to 處理 come to 共計(jì) look into 調(diào)查 set about 著手做 bring about 引起，導(dǎo)致 agree with 同意，適合 I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person.(201

14、2·湖北高考) 我很高興你親自來這里處理此事。 You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose. (陜西高考) 你氣色很好，我想三亞的空氣和海鮮肯定適合你。 3．動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞 add up to 加起來；總共 break away from 躲開；脫離 catch up with 趕上；超過 do away with 廢除 go in for 從事；參加 put up with 忍受；容忍 get along with 與……相處；進(jìn)展

15、get on with 與……相處；進(jìn)展 keep out of 使……不進(jìn)入 look forward to 盼望 live up to 達(dá)到；不辜負(fù) get down to 著手做 come up with 想出，提出 look up to 尊敬 get across to 使明白，使清楚 He will have to find some other work, for he can't put up with this loud noise any more. 他必須找其他工作，因?yàn)樗僖矡o法忍受這么大的噪音。 A good speaker is s

16、upposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means. 一個(gè)好的演講者應(yīng)該讓聽眾明白他所表達(dá)的含義。 4．動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞 catch sight of 突然發(fā)現(xiàn) make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 make sense of 理解 take notice of 注意到 take the place of 代替 take part in 參加 take pride in 為……自豪 make sense of 理解 take advantage o

17、f 利用 make room for 為……騰出空間 keep up with 與……保持聯(lián)系 James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.(天津高考) 為給電視機(jī)騰出空間，吉姆把雜志從這張小桌子上拿走了。 The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to make good use of it. 這所學(xué)校并不是我真正想去的學(xué)校，但既然來了，我還是想充

18、分利用它。 1.She has________tears because she needs to be “that strong one” and because now it is time to fight, she says, not to mourn. A．brought back　　　　　　B．given back C．held back D．looked back 解析：選C　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：她已經(jīng)抑制住淚水，因?yàn)樗枰蔀閳?jiān)強(qiáng)的人，她說，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在到了戰(zhàn)斗，而不是哀悼的時(shí)候。hold back“抑制住(淚水、憤怒)”；bring back“拿回來”；give

19、 back“歸還”；look back“回頭看”。 2．Despite the fact that all three teams ________ different approaches to the problem, they were all immediate successes. A．a(chǎn)dopted B．a(chǎn)ttained C．a(chǎn)dapted D．a(chǎn)ttached 解析：選A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：盡管三個(gè)隊(duì)伍采取了不同的解決方法，但這些方法都立刻奏效了。adopt“采納，采取”，符合句意。attain“獲得，達(dá)到”；adapt“(使)適應(yīng)，調(diào)整”；attach“連接，附上

20、”。 3．(2014·武昌調(diào)研)For the dance she had been looking forward to for many days, she wore her best clothes that she ________ in the closet. A．set down B．set aside C．set out D．set off 解析：選B　句意：這場(chǎng)舞會(huì)她已經(jīng)期盼好久了，她穿上她留在衣柜中的最好衣服。set aside“留出，撥出”，符合題意。set down“記下”；set out“開始，出發(fā)”；set off“出發(fā)，

21、引起”。 4．He became confused because the book contains new ideas which ________ what he has been taught to believe. A．contradict B．a(chǎn)ssess C．a(chǎn)cknowledge D．confirm 解析：選A　句意：他被弄糊涂了，因?yàn)檫@本書里講的新觀點(diǎn)駁斥了他所學(xué)的。contradict“與……矛盾，駁斥”，符合題意。assess“評(píng)估”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)”；confirm“證實(shí)”。 5．(2014·武漢調(diào)研)I have decided to __

22、______ some furniture for my living room, but I'm at a complete loss as to which brand to buy. A．decorate B．launch C．maintain D．purchase 解析：選D　句意：我已經(jīng)決定為我的起居室添置一些家具，但完全不知道購買什么品牌的家具。purchase“添置，購買”，符合題意。decorate“裝飾”；launch“發(fā)射”；maintain“維持，維修”。 6．(2014·宜昌調(diào)研)They built strong walls along the borde

23、rs to ________ those who wanted to do them harm. A．cut out B．put out C．work out D．keep out 解析：選D　句意：他們沿著邊界建起堅(jiān)實(shí)的城墻，不讓想傷害他們的那些人入侵。keep out“阻止進(jìn)入”，符合題意。cut out“刪去，裁剪”；put out“熄滅，出版”；work out“制訂”。 7．They worked hard and many saved enough money to buy their own land.In this way they cam

24、e to ________ the sugar industry on many parts of the Queensland coast. A．dominate B．contradict C．prohibit D．a(chǎn)ccumulate 解析：選A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：他們努力工作，很多人省下了足夠的錢買了他們自己的土地，這樣他們就控制了昆士蘭海岸很多地方的制糖業(yè)。dominate“控制，支配”，符合句意。contradict“反駁，與……矛盾”；prohibit“禁止”；accumulate“積聚”。 8．What is most important is facing the

25、 hard times, ________ the changes, and getting through to the other side where the sun is still shining just for you. A．meeting with B．a(chǎn)greeing with C．going with D．coping with 解析：選D　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：最重要的是正視艱難時(shí)刻，應(yīng)對(duì)變化，到達(dá)太陽仍只為你發(fā)光的那一邊。這里用cope with表示“對(duì)付，應(yīng)付”。meet with“遇見”；agree with“同意”；go with“伴隨”。 9．(2

26、014·湖北七市聯(lián)考)The Chinese football team had experienced a series of reforms.However, its performances in Shenzhen in October ________ all the people, especially the crazy fans. A．knocked down B．let down C．pulled down D．brought down 解析：選B　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：中國(guó)足球隊(duì)已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了一系列的改革。然而，它十月份在深圳的表現(xiàn)讓所有的人失望，尤其是瘋狂的球迷

27、們。let down“使失望”，符合句意。 10．WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange was in court today, and when asked for his address he said he didn't want to ________ that information. A．give out B．keep out C．hold out D．bring out 解析：選A　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：維基解密創(chuàng)始人Julian Assange今天出庭，當(dāng)法官問他住址時(shí)，他回答說，他不想公布這一信息。give out“公布，宣布”符合句意

28、。keep out“阻止進(jìn)入”；hold out“堅(jiān)持”；bring out“出版”。 11．Most of the people present at the meeting think poorly of the proposal, which they think will________ the worsening of the environment. A．a(chǎn)dapt to B．refer to C．subscribe to D．contribute to 解析：選D　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析

29、。句意：大多數(shù)與會(huì)者都不看好這一提議，他們認(rèn)為它會(huì)導(dǎo)致環(huán)境的惡化。contribute to“導(dǎo)致，是……的原因之一”，符合句意。 12．I'm looking for a job in which I can ________ the different aspects of my experience so far. A．combine B．a(chǎn)ssociate C．comprise D．a(chǎn)ccumulate 解析：選A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：目前我正在尋找一份能綜合應(yīng)用我不同經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工作。combine“(使)結(jié)合，組合，綜合”，符合句意。associate“把某人/某物與……聯(lián)系起來”；comprise“構(gòu)成，組成”；accumulate“積累，積聚”。