高考英語書面表達審題及遣詞造句技巧.doc

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高 中 英 語 書 面 表 達 (Ⅱ) ------如何審題、如何遣詞造句 1、書面表達解題步驟： 1）、審，即：審定體裁、題材、人 稱、時態(tài)、結構等； 2）、編，即：編寫要點，按順序列出； 3）、寫，即：連詞成句，連句成文； 4）、查，即：查內容，查格式，查語法，查書寫等。 2、如何審題？ 最近，你校師生幫助輟學的李明同學返校。請根據下表提供的信息，給報社寫一封信，客觀介紹這一情況。 李明情況 師生情況 1、學習好；品德好； 2、父病故；母病重； 3、退學； 1、震驚； 2、捐款、募捐； 3、使李明返校學習； 注意：1、信的開頭已為你寫好。 2、詞數：100左右。 3、參考詞匯：捐款 offer money; 募捐collect money 1、審定體裁、題材；________________ 2、審定人稱；_________________________ 3、審定時態(tài)；_________________________ 4、審定要點；___________________________ 5、審定結構。______________________________ 學生習作1： Dear editor， I’m writing to tell you what the teachers and students have done to help a student who discontinued his studies in our school. Li Ming was one top students of of our school. He was good at his studies and always ready to help others. However, he has to leave school. His father died and his mother is seriously ill in bed. The whole school was shocked at the news and anxious about it. Quickly they decided to help him out. Every teacher and student offered money to him and some students went to look after his mother in turn. At weekends they went out to collect money. With their help, Li Ming will return to school soon. That’s all. Thank you. Yours, Wei Fang 3、如何遣詞造句？ 增強書面表達效果的技巧 （1）. 使用較高級的詞匯: 詞匯反映你知識貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個重要標志。 Practice： 1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. ________________________, our journey was comfortable. 2.We all think he is a great man. We all _______________________. 3. She went to Austria in order to study music. She went to Austria_______________________. （2）. 使用較豐富的句式: 運用得當的句子結構可以給文章增色不少，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝 。（感嘆句，強調句 ，倒裝句 ，省略句 ，with短語 ，V-ing形式，過去分詞， 定語從句 ，各種名詞性從句 ，各種狀語從句 ） 1）掌握5種簡單句句型 1、主語＋ vi. 2、主語＋ vt. ＋賓語； 3、主語＋連系動詞＋表語； 4、主語＋ vt. ＋雙賓語； 5、主語＋ vt. ＋復合賓語； 6、There be … 2)書面表達五大常用句型 1、There be 句型； 2、It is (was) + 被強調部分 + that (who) … ； 3、it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句型； 4、to…/ in order to…/ so as to…/ so that…/ in order that… 表示“目的” 5、so…that…/such…that…/so…as to…/…enough to…/too…to… 表示“結果” 3）、Practice： 1 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）. _________________________________________________l. 2. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句） ____________________________________________________ 3. Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒裝句) ____________________________________________________ （3）. 使用恰當的連接詞: 使用恰當連接詞，對寫一篇有“英語味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下銜接自然、緊湊。 A. 常用的連接詞 1）.表示遞進;在同一話題上補充內容 另外，還有：what is more; besides; also; moreover; in addition 2）. 表示轉折關系 但是，然而，相反：but; however; yet; instead; on the other hand; on the contrary. 3）. 表示因果關系 因為，因此，所以: since; as; because (of ); so; thus; therefore; as a result; 4）. 表示條件關系 如果，只要: if ;on condition ( that ); as long as 除非: unless否則: or else 5）. 表示時間關系 當… 的時候 : when ; while 在…之后: after 在…之前: before 直到: until 一…就… : as soon as后來， 然后: later; afterwards 不久: soon 近來: lately; recently 自從… :since 從那時起: from then on 6）. 表示特定的順序關系 首先，最主要的: above all 其次: secondly然后: then; next 最后: finally; in the end 7）. 換一種方法表述 換句話說: in other words; that is to say; 8）. 進行舉例說明 例如，比如: for instance; for example; like; such as 9）. 用于陳述事實 實際上: in fact; actually; as a matter of fact 跟你說實話 : to tell you the truth 10）. 對一個話題進行總結 總而言之，總的來說: on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in a word 11）. 其它常用到的副詞 Therefore ; otherwise ; finally ; furthermore ;Thus ; namely ; although ; afterwards ; personally; B. 、Practice： 1`.Xiao Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for help. 2. He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west . 3.Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. , it may make us fat. 4、學生習作欣賞與評比！ 學生習作2 Dear editor， I’m writing to tell you what the teachers and students have done to help a student who discontinued his studies in our school. Li Ming is a student of our school. He is not only good at his studies but also always ready to help others. But he had to leave school because his father died and his mother is seriously ill. As a result, he had to make money to help his family. Hearing the news, all the teachers and students were shocked. In order to help Li Ming, we decided to offer money to him and some students went out to collect money for him in the streets. With our help, Li Ming has already returned to school. With best wishes! Yours, Wei Fang 高考作文欣賞 給澳大利亞的朋友寫一封信，談談減負給學生的學習和生活帶來的變化。 習作1（17分）: I will tell you the changes of my life. Before, we had many classes every day. I had to do a lot of homework after school. I went to bed at 11:30 in the evening. I had no time to play. I was very tired. Now I can visit museums. I can learn computer and drawing. In the evening, I can read books and newspapers and watch TV. I go to bed at 10:00 now. 習作2（滿分25分）: I’m very pleased to tell you the changes in my life since our homework has reduced. Before that, learning during the day was very simple. Having class and doing homework was the only thing we should do. In the evening, we also had a lot of homework to do. We could not go to bed until 11:30. Nevertheless, since reducing the learning load, my life has become much more interesting. I often visit museums and computer rooms and draw pictures in my spare time. In the evening, I also have time to watch TV and read newspapers. I no longer stay up late; on the contrary, I go to bed at about 10 pm. In short, I am quite satisfied with my life now. 5、Homework:Writing. 聯合國教科文組織某考察團正在我國某鄉(xiāng)村參觀考察。假定你是接待人員,請根據下列提示以發(fā)言稿的形式簡要介紹這個村的情況： 1)大?。航?00戶人家，約500口人。 2)變化：過去很窮，78年后變化很大。人們生活比以前好多了?，F已舊貌換新顏。 3)教育：原來的學校很小，現已經過改建。新建的教學樓有4層，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有學齡兒童在此免費就讀。 注意：1）要點齊全，前后連貫。 　　　　 2）詞數：100-120之間。 附： 1.作文常見的開頭形式大致有以下幾種： 1．開門見山，揭示主題 文章一開頭，，就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎樣度假)的開頭是： I Spent my last vacation happily． 下面是題為"Honesty"(談誠實)一文中的開頭： Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people． 2．交代人物、事情、時間或環(huán)境開頭 在文章的開頭，先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的開頭： The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3. 回憶性的開頭 用回憶的方法來開頭。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的開頭是： I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4．概括性的開頭 即對要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個概括性的介紹。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(讀書的快樂)的開頭： People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5．介紹環(huán)境式的開頭 即開頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如“An Accident”(一場事故)的開頭是: It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner. 6．交待寫作目的的開頭。 在文章的一開頭就交待寫作目的，如通過文章要表揚誰，批評誰，或說明一個什么問題等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的開頭： In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 2.文章結尾的形式也是多種多樣的，常見的有以下幾種： 1．首尾呼應，畫龍點睛 在文章的結尾，把含義較深的話放在末尾，以點明主題，深化主題，起到畫龍點睛的效果。如"I Cannot Forget Her" (我忘不了她)的結尾： After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2．重復主題句 結尾回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達到強調的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我愛家鄉(xiāng))的結尾： I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland. 3. 自然結尾 隨著文章的結束，文章自然而然地結尾。如“Fishing”(釣魚)的結尾： I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4．含蓄性的結尾 用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點明作者的看法，而是讓讀者自己去領會和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的結尾： Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile. 5．用反問結尾 雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，并具有特別的強調作用，引起讀者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework?" (我們要不要學做家務?) 的結尾。 Everyone should learn to do housework. Dont you agree, boys and girls? 6．指明方向，激勵讀者 結尾表示對將來的展望，或期待讀者投入行動。如“Lets Go in for Sports”(讓我們參加體育運動)的結尾： As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Lets go in for sports. 文章的結尾沒有一定的模式，可以根據表達主題的需要靈活創(chuàng)造。一般的習慣是，一些記敘文和描寫文經常采用自然結尾的方法；但說理性和邏輯性較強的說明文和議論文則往往都有結束語，以便使文章首尾呼應，結構完整。