2021中考英語(yǔ) 基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法三 代詞

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1、 （三）代詞 01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化 近幾年全國(guó)各地中考對(duì)代詞的考查主要集中在對(duì)不定代詞的考查。對(duì)名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞用法上的區(qū)別的考查也是近幾年中考代詞考查的熱點(diǎn)之一。預(yù)計(jì)2015年中考對(duì)代詞的考查重點(diǎn)仍然在對(duì)不定代詞、物主代詞的考查上。同時(shí)也要注意對(duì)反身代詞、代詞主格和賓格的考查。 02 定義 概念清晰化 代詞是一類用來(lái)替代名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，大多數(shù)代詞都具有名詞和形容詞的功能。在初中階段，我們所學(xué)的代詞主要有8種：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、反身代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和相互代詞。人稱代詞是代替人或

2、事物的代詞，有人稱、數(shù)、格的變化，在句中用作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞叫主格；用作賓語(yǔ)的人稱代詞叫賓格。物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。指示代詞是專門用來(lái)指出或標(biāo)示人或物的代詞，常用的指示代詞有單數(shù)的this和that以及復(fù)數(shù)的these和those。不定代詞是不指明替代任何特定的名詞或形容詞的代詞，根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意義，不定代詞可以分為兩大類，即肯定性不定代詞和否定性不定代詞?？隙ㄐ圆欢ù~有：both, all, many, much, one, other, each, another, a few, a little, either, some(someone, s

3、omebody, something), any(anyone, anybody, anything), every(everyone, everybody, everything)。否定性不定代詞有：no, neither, none, nobody, nothing。反身代詞又叫自身代詞，或用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，或表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作又反過(guò)來(lái)作用于施動(dòng)者本身，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。疑問(wèn)代詞表示對(duì)某人或某物提問(wèn)，一般用在特殊疑問(wèn)句的句首。在初中階段，我們所學(xué)的疑問(wèn)代詞有who, whom, whose, what和which。關(guān)系代詞是一種引述前面已經(jīng)提過(guò)的名詞或代詞的一類詞，它主要有who, whom, wh

4、ose, which, that等，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞，常用的相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個(gè)，在句子中用作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，兩者之間沒(méi)有太大的差別。 03 知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 ?人稱代詞 分類圖解 人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 I me we us 第二人稱 you you you you 第三人稱 he,she,it him,her,it they them 特例清單 1.人稱代詞的排列順序

5、分三種情況： 復(fù)數(shù)人稱按照we→you→they；單數(shù)人稱按照you→he/she→I；第三人稱男女并用時(shí)按照he→she。但承認(rèn)過(guò)失、表示不吉祥的事或有不好的意思時(shí)，單數(shù)人稱代詞按照I→he/she→you排列，復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞按照we→you→they排列。 2.在包含雙賓語(yǔ)的句子中，如果直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞it或them，間接賓語(yǔ)要放在直接賓語(yǔ)的后面。如： Please pass it to me.請(qǐng)把它遞給我。(不能說(shuō)Please pass me it.) 3.let’s和let us用法不完全相同： Let’s是let us的縮寫形式，多用來(lái)表示勸告或建議，包括談話的雙方；而le

6、t us則不包括對(duì)方。另外，let’s的反意疑問(wèn)句用shall we來(lái)反問(wèn)，let us的反意疑問(wèn)句則用will you來(lái)反問(wèn)。 4.代詞it的用法 (1)用來(lái)代替上文中提到的特定事物，可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。如： Your father has bought you a new computer. Do you like it?你父親給你買了一臺(tái)新電腦，你喜歡嗎？ He offered us a piece of information. It’s very important.他給我們提供了一條信息，這條信息非常重要。 (2)當(dāng)說(shuō)話人對(duì)所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看

7、不出來(lái)、聽(tīng)不出來(lái)時(shí)，常用it來(lái)代替和當(dāng)時(shí)某一事件、某動(dòng)作有關(guān)的那個(gè)人。如： There was a knock at the door.“Who is it?” mother came to the door and asked.有敲門聲。母親來(lái)到門口問(wèn)：“誰(shuí)呀？” —Who is the child in the picture?這張照片上的孩子是誰(shuí)？ —It’s me. Can’t you see?是我呀!難道你看不出來(lái)？ (3)為了保持句子的平衡，可以用it來(lái)代替動(dòng)詞不定式，在句子中作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。如： It’s very interesting to swim in t

8、he river.在河中游泳非常有趣。 He found it not easy to learn English well.他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很難的。 (4)用來(lái)代替天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。如： —What’s the weather like today?今天天氣怎么樣？ —It’s fine.今天天氣晴朗。 It’s time to go to bed.到睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間了。 How far is it from here to the station?從這里到車站有多遠(yuǎn)？ 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )1.(2014·曲靖)I find _____ necessary to learn a

9、bout the customs of a country before you go there. A.that B.this C.it D.one ( )2.(2014·聊城)My friend showed _____ some old photos of his family. A.my B.I C.me D.mine ( )3.(2014·南充)Look at the girl in the red skirt. _____ is my new classmate. A.She B.It

10、 C.He D.This ( )4.(2014·黃岡)—Susan，go and join your sister in cleaning the yard. —Why______ ? John is sitting there doing nothing at all. A.I B.me C.myself D.mine ( )5.(2014·綿陽(yáng))Jeff and I are going to Shanghai this weekend. My brother will drive ______ there. A.i

11、t B.you C.us D .them ?物主代詞 分類圖解 種類 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 第一 人稱 第二 人稱 第三 人稱 第一 人稱 第二 人稱 第三 人稱 形容 詞性 my your his/her/its our your their 名詞性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs 特例清單 1.his和its既可以作形容詞性物主代詞，又可以作名詞性物主代詞。如： My computer is new and his is old.我的計(jì)算機(jī)是新

12、的，他的是舊的。 2.名詞性物主代詞常與介詞of連用，構(gòu)成名詞所有格。如：some friends of mine我的一些朋友。 3.形容詞性物主代詞只能放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)。如： my pen pal我的筆友her name她的名字 4.名詞性物主代詞常用來(lái)避免前面已經(jīng)提及的名詞，相當(dāng)于“相容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。如： This book is mine. Yours is on your desk.這本書是我的。你的在你桌子上。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )6.(2014·南京)—Excuse me，may I use your bicycle? _____ is broken. —

13、Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch. A.I B.Me C.Myself D.Mine ( )7.(2014·湖州)—Excuse me，I’m looking for my umbrella. —Oh，sorry. I took ____ by mistake. A.yours B.mine C.hers D.his ( )8.(2014·福州)—Here is a dictionary.Whose is it? —Oh，it’s ______.Thank you. A.

14、me B.my C.mine ( )9.(2014·黔西南)—Is this ____ ruler? —No._____ is over there. A.her;Her B.her;Hers C.hers;Hers D.hers;Her ( )10.(2014·北京)I have a big brother. _____ name is Paul. A.His B.Her C.He D.Your ?反身代詞的構(gòu)成 分類圖解 人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 第一人稱 myself ou

15、rselves 第二人稱 yourself yourselves 第三人稱 himself/herself/itself themselves 反身代詞的常用詞組： by oneself(親自) for oneself(為自己) call oneself(稱自己) teach oneself(自學(xué)) help oneself to sth.(隨便吃) speak to oneself(自言自語(yǔ)) lose oneself(迷路) enjoy oneself(自得其樂(lè)) 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )11.(2014·隨州)—I’ll have a

16、tennis game tomorrow. I’m a little bit nervous. —Believe in______. You’re the best in our club. A.yourself B.myself C.herself D.himself ( )12.(2014·來(lái)賓)—Hi，boys. How was your party yesterday? —Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed________ . A.themselves B.myself C.your

17、selves D.ourselves ( )13.(2014·陜西)Don’t worry.We’re old enough to look after____. A.myself B.me C.ourselves D.us ( )14.(2014·長(zhǎng)沙)My sister is old enough to dress _____now. A.himself B.herself C.myself ( )15.(2014·重慶)Help _____ to some fish，Jeff. A.you

18、 B.your C.yours D.yourself ?疑問(wèn)代詞的用法 分類圖解 格 指人 指物 指人或物 主格 who誰(shuí) what 什么 which 哪個(gè)，哪些 賓格 whom 誰(shuí) 所有格 whose 誰(shuí)的 whose 誰(shuí)的 whose 誰(shuí)的 特例清單 1.疑問(wèn)代詞who作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使被問(wèn)者是復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也通常用單數(shù)形式。如： —Who is coming to have dinner tonight?今晚誰(shuí)要來(lái)吃飯？ —Susan, Linda and Tom.蘇珊、琳達(dá)和湯姆。 2.疑問(wèn)代詞what作定語(yǔ)時(shí)

19、，意為“什么”，不限制范圍；which作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“哪(幾)個(gè)”，指在一定數(shù)目中進(jìn)行選擇，限制在一定范圍內(nèi)。如： What girls do you like best? 你最喜歡什么樣的女孩？ Which girls do you like best? 你最喜歡哪幾個(gè)女孩？ 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )16.(2014·隨州)— _______are you going to buy for your father for Father’s Day? —A T-shirt. A.What B.When C.Where D.How ( )17.

20、(2013·大連)—_____ is the boy with a pair of glasses? —My brother，John. A.How B.Who C.Where D.What ( )18.(2013·徐州)— _____model plane is this? —I think it’s Jim’s. Look，his name is on it. A.Who B.What C.Whose D.Where ( )19.(2013·南京)—_____ film do you prefer，Lost in T

21、hailand or Life of Pi? —Lost in Thailand. I like comedies because they often make me laugh. A.What B.Whatever C.Whose D.Which ( )20.(2013·濟(jì)南)— ______does your new friend look like? —He is tall with short blonde hair and big blue eyes. A.How B.Who C.What D.Whe

22、re ?指示代詞的用法 分類圖解 單數(shù) this這，這個(gè) that那，那個(gè) 復(fù)數(shù) these這些 those那些 特例清單 1.在打電話的語(yǔ)境中，常習(xí)慣用this和that代替I和you。如： —Hello! Is that Mrs.White? 喂!你是懷特夫人嗎？ —Sorry. Mrs. White isn’t here. This is Kate, her daughter.對(duì)不起，懷特夫人不在這兒，我是她的女兒凱特。 2.指上文的事情，可以用this，也可以用that替代；指下文的事情，則要用this替代。如： My bike broke down

23、. This/That is why I was late.我的自行車壞了，因此我才遲到了。 This is my idea. We should start out at once.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上出發(fā)。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )21.(2014·呼和浩特)—The cars made in Germany are more expensive than ____ made in Japan. —Yes，you are right. But they’re much better. A.those B.that C.ones D.it ( )22.(2

24、014·蘭州)Bob，can you see the boys over there?_____ are my cousins. Let’s go and say hello to them. A.This B.Those C.That D.These ( )23.(2014·廣東)—Hello，Linda speaking. Who’s ______? —Hello，this is Martin. A.he B.one C.that D.this ( )24.(2014·鎮(zhèn)江)My star sign is Virgo and m

25、y characteristics are similar to______ described in that book. A.them B.these C.ones D.those ( )25.(2014·綏化)The cars made in China are cheaper than ______ made in Japan. A.those B.that C.them ?不定代詞的用法 分類圖解 序號(hào) 不定 代詞 用法 例句 1 some 用于肯定句或表示請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中。 Tom has some

26、story books. Would you like some milk?　 any 一般用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree? There aren’t any buses. 2 both 表示“兩者都”。 Tom’s parents are both doctors. all 表示“三者或三者以上都”。 All of the books are very interesting. either 表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Either of the books is interesti

27、ng. neither 表示“兩者都不”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Neither of his friends has come yet. 3 no one 指人，不能接of 短語(yǔ)。 No one would like to go with her. none 表示否定，可以指人或物，常接of短語(yǔ)。 None of them has been to Beijing. 4 every 表整體概念，只能作定語(yǔ)。不能與of短語(yǔ)連用。表示“每一”。 Every time I go to see him,he is very busy. each 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，可作主語(yǔ)、賓

28、語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等，可以指人或物?？梢耘cof 短語(yǔ)連用。表示“每一個(gè)”。 Each of you can try twice. 5 many 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 There are many books on the desk. much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 I have much homework to do. 6 few 表“否定”，是“幾乎沒(méi)有”的意思，修飾可數(shù)名詞。 He has few friends here. a few 表“肯定”，是“有一點(diǎn)”的意思，修飾可數(shù)名詞。 There are a few apples in the basket. little

29、 表“否定”，是“幾乎沒(méi)有”的意思，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 There is little water in the bottle.　 a little 表“肯定”，是“有一點(diǎn)”的意思，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left. 7 other 泛指其他的，修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 Do you have any other ideas?　 the other 指“兩者中的另一個(gè)”。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.　 another 指“三者或

30、以上中的另一個(gè)”。 Would you like another cup of tea? others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum. the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese. 特例清單 1.不定代詞all和not連用時(shí)表示部分否定，要譯成“不是全部”，不能譯成“全部不”、“都不”；表示全部否定要用none。如： Not all the balls are

31、round.并不是所有的球都是圓形的。 None of the bread is fresh.這些面包都不新鮮。 2.both與not連用也表示部分否定，譯為“并非兩者都”，不可譯為“兩者都不”；表示全部否定用neither。如： Both of us are not doctors.我們倆并非都是醫(yī)生。 Neither of us is a doctor.我們倆都不是醫(yī)生。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )26.(2014·徐州)I asked two students the way to the post office，but ____of them knew. A.both

32、 B.either C.none D.neither ( )27.(2014·常州)We should tell the truth.We can’t say one thing to one person and _____ thing to someone else. A.other B.another C.the other D.one more ( )28.(2014·孝感)—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? — ______is OK. I’m free today and tom

33、orrow. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None ( )29.(2014·銅仁)In our school ____ students like English，but _____ of them can speak English smoothly. A.a little，a few B.a few，few C.a few，little D.a little，few ( )30.(2014·天津)—Is there____ beef in the fridge? —No，there isn’t. The

34、re is _____ pork. A.some;any B.any;any C.some;some D.any;some ?復(fù)合不定代詞 分類圖解 somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 沒(méi)有人 everybody 每個(gè)人 someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 沒(méi)有人 everyone 每人 something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 沒(méi)有東西 everything 每件事 特例清單 1.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 2.當(dāng)

35、主句的主語(yǔ)是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞everybody, nobody, anyone等時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)通常用代詞they；當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)是指物復(fù)合不定代詞，如everything, anything, nothing, something等時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常用it。如： Everybody is here, aren’t they?大家都在這，是嗎？ Everything is ready, isn’t it?一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎？ 3.當(dāng)形容詞或else(另外) 修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something, everything, everyone等時(shí)，形容詞或else必須放在復(fù)合不定

36、代詞的后面。如： Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you.肖明，我有重要的事情要告訴你。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我們還需要一個(gè)助手。你能再給我們找一個(gè)嗎？ 4.everyone = everybody, anyone = anybody,只指人，不能與of短語(yǔ)連用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要與of連用才可以。如： Is anybody here?有人嗎？ You can take any one of these.

37、你可以隨便拿一個(gè)。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )31.(2014·咸寧)—Morning，class. Is ____ here today? —No，sir. Tom is absent. He is ill at home. A.anybody B.everybody C.nobody D.somebody ( )32.(2014·隨州)—Who helped you sweep the classroom yesterday? —________.I did it all by myself. A.Somebody B.Any

38、body C.Nobody D.Everybody ( )33.(2014·北京)Look! The clock has stopped. Maybe there’s _____ wrong with it. A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing ( )34.(2014·河南)At present，children mean ______ to most parents in China. A.everything B.nothing C.anything

39、 D.something ( )35.(2014·宿遷)Eddie has_____ to do，and he sleeps all day long. A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing 04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化 ( )1.—My answer to this question is different from____ . —Really? Let me see. A.you B.yours C.your D.yoursel

40、ves ( )2.Put out the cigarette, or ______ won’t be allowed to enter the museum. A.I B.she C.you D.they ( )3.—Do you like _____ English teacher Miss Green? —Yes, I like _____ very much. A.ours;him B.our;her C.ours;her D.our;him ( )4.—Who taught ____ m

41、aths last term? Was ______ Mr. Smith? —Yes. A.you;it B.your;it C.you;he D.your;he ( )5.Leo has_____ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A.a little B.little C.a few D.few ( )6.—Mum,I want to have some juice. I’m thirsty. —Sorry,but ther

42、e isn’t ______ at home. A.little B.many C.any D.some ( )7.The pears in this basket are smaller than ____ in that basket. A.it B.that C.ones D.those ( )8.I have many such books. Tomorrow I’ll bring here ______ one. A.other B.another C.the

43、 others D.the other ( )9.If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take _____?I have finished reading them. A.all B.any C.either D.both ( )10.—Do you like eating apples or bananas? —_______.I usually eat oranges. A.None B.Both

44、 C.Neither D.Either ( )11.—Is this ______ purse? —No,it isn’t. ________is in the bag. A.yours;Mine B.yours;My C.your;Mine D.your;My ( )12.—How are you going to improve _____ this term? —Work harder than last term. A.you B.me C.yourself D.m

45、yself ( )13.I’ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and ________ half learning drawing. A.another B.the others C.others D.the other ( )14.—Is _________ here? —No. Tom and Jane have asked for leave. A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody

46、 ( )15.—What are you looking for,Sally? —I’m looking for my pen.I can’t find ____ anywhere. A.it B.this C.them D.one ( )16.You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because there’s hardly _______ left. A.something B.nothing C.anything D.every

47、thing ( )17.—Wow!You’ve got so many skirts. —But ________ of them are in fashion now. A.all B.both C .neither D.none ( )18.We can’t change the world, but we can change _____. A.our B.their C.them D.ourselves ( )19.—Who taught you to play badminton? —Nobod

48、y.I learnt it by_____ . A.me B.my C.myself D.I ( )20.—Nick,look at the fridge.There’s ____ milk in it. —I see,Mom!I’ll get ________ right away. A.a little;any B.little;some C.a few;any D.few;some ( )21.—What did you buy for yourself at the fair? —I bought_

49、____, because I couldn’t find ______ I like. A.something;anything B.anything;something C.nothing;anything D.something;nothing ( )22.—Why are you always cheerful and energetic? —Because I’ m sure _____ can be better than me. A.somebody B.anybody else C.everybody D.nobody el

50、se ( )23.Things made by hand are usually more expensive than _______ produced in factories. A.these B.this C.that D.those ( )24.—Do you know ______ the girl in red is? —I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher. A.when B.how C.where D.what ( )25.—What do you think of those red shoes,Tina? —I like_____ ,but I prefer yellow____ . A.ones;ones B.them;ones C.ones;them D.them;them 7 參考答案： (三)代詞 題組訓(xùn)練 1—5CCABC6—10DACBA11—15ADCBD 16—20ABCDC21—25ABCDA26—30DBABD31—35BCBAD 整合集訓(xùn) 1—5BCBAD6—10CDBDC11—15CCDAA 16—20CDDCB21—25CDDDB