（通用版）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二板塊 完形填空 第三講 全篇思讀著眼幾點(diǎn)智取拉分題目講義

《（通用版）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二板塊 完形填空 第三講 全篇思讀著眼幾點(diǎn)智取拉分題目講義》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（通用版）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二板塊 完形填空 第三講 全篇思讀著眼幾點(diǎn)智取拉分題目講義（50頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第三講全篇思讀，著眼幾點(diǎn)，智取拉分題目 高考擔(dān)負(fù)著區(qū)分考生、選拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中總有2～3道這樣的較難題目成為考生取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)的“攔路虎”。導(dǎo)致這些題目錯(cuò)選的原因主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：①解題信息比較隱含；②干擾項(xiàng)迷惑性較強(qiáng)；③情感態(tài)度較難把握；④慣性思維所致。針對(duì)這些題目，考生除了需具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底外，還應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎小心應(yīng)對(duì)。本講總結(jié)了解答完形填空的5大易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，旨在讓考生遇到此類題目時(shí)不要急于求成，要三思而判。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 因缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維而錯(cuò)選 語(yǔ)篇層次題的解題信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或幾段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡(luò)、作者的思想、意圖或主

2、人公的心理，然后進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的推理、判斷，從而做出正確的選擇。對(duì)于此類題目，一定要堅(jiān)持這樣一個(gè)原則——不急于解答，讀完全文后綜合思維再做判定。 [典例1]　(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41.jumped_at the idea of taking the class because, aft

3、er all, who doesn't want to 42.save a few dollars? ... Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48.job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49.clear that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50.pass the class, amon

4、g other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52.eventually,_to our lives. I managed to get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom. 53. A．game　　　　　　　 B．presentat

5、ion C．course D．experiment [分析]　選C　本題是典型的語(yǔ)篇層次題，只看題目所在的句子我們是無(wú)法確定答案的，此類題目需要綜合全篇來(lái)找線索。本題可以利用語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。本題為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。第一段“was offering a ‘free’ course”中的course是第53空的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選C項(xiàng)。 [典例2]　(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) ... The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a

6、 song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past.This newness just left me 51.wanting more. After that, feeling the need to __52__ further, I decided to drop in on one of A

7、SL club's meetings.I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could. ... 52．A.exercise B．explore C．express D．explain [分析]　選B　本題是語(yǔ)篇層次題，需要綜合空格上一段和空格所

8、在段落來(lái)尋找突破口。本題可以利用文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)解題。所節(jié)選部分文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)為：大學(xué)第一周我觀看了美式手語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部的表演→我被表演所吸引→我想進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)更多手語(yǔ)方面的知識(shí)→我參加俱樂(lè)部的會(huì)議。根據(jù)文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)可知，第52題是在作者觀看了美式手語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部的表演后感受到了進(jìn)一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故答案為B項(xiàng)。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2　因不能正確區(qū)分形近(義近)詞而錯(cuò)選 完形填空題選項(xiàng)中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些形近詞或義近詞讓考生辨析，因?yàn)樵~形相近或意義相近，無(wú)形中增加了難度，如果考生對(duì)這些詞掌握得不好或不著眼于語(yǔ)篇的意義便很容易選錯(cuò)。 [典例1]　(2018·天津高考) I started doing an

9、ything I could to help them build a little 25.pride. Most important, I began to treat them like26.winners. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their 27.vacations,_we met every day and 28.practiced passing and kicking the football. ... From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitu

10、de of the leader can 33.affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 34.encouraged them. I helped them to see themselves __35__， and they built themselves into winners. 35．A.honestly B．individually C．calmly D．differently [分析]　選D　四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)在形式上非常相似，它們都是副詞，部分考生很容易因

11、混淆而失分。聯(lián)系上句中的“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”以及上文的“treat them like 26.winners”可知，此處是指“我?guī)退麄冇貌煌姆绞?differently)看待自己”。honestly“老實(shí)地，誠(chéng)實(shí)地”；individually“個(gè)人地”；calmly“平靜地”。 [典例2]　(2017·江蘇高考)For a long time Gabriel didn't want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel wou

12、ld look pityingly at the music students, __36__ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases ... 36．A.travelling B．marching C．pacing D．struggling [分析]　選D　四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)在含義上比較相近，考生很容易因分不清它們的含義而失分。由空前的“l(fā)ook pityingly at the music students”以及空后的“heavy instrument cases”可知，Gabriel同情地看著那些背著重重的樂(lè)器箱子

13、、艱難地穿過(guò)校園的音樂(lè)生，故struggle“艱難地行進(jìn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。travel“長(zhǎng)途行走，旅行”；march“齊步走，行進(jìn)”；pace“來(lái)回踱步，走來(lái)走去”。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 因不明一詞多義或熟詞生義而錯(cuò)選 在最近幾年的高考完形填空中，一詞多義或熟詞生義的考查屢見(jiàn)不鮮，這往往也是考生容易忽視的地方。很多考生由于不懂這些熟詞的“新義”而出現(xiàn)思維堵塞，造成了不應(yīng)有的失分。下面我們選取具有代表性的試題加以分析，以幫助考生熟悉其命題特點(diǎn)，從而跳出命題人設(shè)置的詞匯“陷阱”。 [典例1]　(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck t

14、o his 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital __53__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey's husband was totally 54.astonished by the unexpected visit. “I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55.appreciate it and the gifts.” 53．A.bearing B．collecting C．

15、opening D．making [分析]　選A　本文描述一個(gè)叫特蕾莎的老婦人沉浸在為人祖母的喜悅當(dāng)中，她把小寶貝的照片發(fā)給了陌生人丹尼斯，但是丹尼斯卻回復(fù)短信說(shuō)他會(huì)去醫(yī)院看望小孩，并與小孩合影。本段主要描述特蕾莎一家沒(méi)有想到丹尼斯真的來(lái)到醫(yī)院，還帶來(lái)了禮物，她們非常感動(dòng)。bear是一個(gè)多義詞，用作動(dòng)詞，最常見(jiàn)的意思為“承受，忍受”，除此之外還有“承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)；支撐，承受(重量)；顯示；帶有；攜帶；生(孩子)；開(kāi)(花)；結(jié)(果實(shí))”等。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，在此意為“攜帶”。 [典例2]　 (2018·浙江高考)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine

16、who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副業(yè))．Since his regular job was48.boring,_I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline fulltime.He said without the job, he would__49__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would

17、 lose his52.drive to work and succeed. 49．A.luckily B．hardly C．hopefully D．simply [分析]　選D　根據(jù)句意可知，他說(shuō)如果沒(méi)有那份工作，他確實(shí)會(huì)有很多時(shí)間。simply“確實(shí)，簡(jiǎn)直”。此處simply這個(gè)詞屬于熟詞生義，我們比較熟悉它的義項(xiàng)是：簡(jiǎn)單地，簡(jiǎn)樸地。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4 因詞匯理解障礙而錯(cuò)選 在完形填空題的設(shè)題上，命題者往往還將一些考生平常容易忽視的詞匯設(shè)置成選項(xiàng)，從而造成考生錯(cuò)選。對(duì)于這些詞匯，考生在平時(shí)必須引起重視，背熟記熟。 [典例1]　 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) ... The foll

18、owing term, I __56__ an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was __57__. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.58.Instead,_if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens. 5

19、6．A.missed B．passed C．gave up D．registered for 57．A.prohibited B．welcomed C．ignored D．repeated [分析]　56.選D　57.選A　后文的語(yǔ)境中介紹了ASL課堂上教授的情況(教授是個(gè)失聰?shù)娜?以及在課堂上作者的感悟，由此可判斷作者在下學(xué)期報(bào)名參加了這門(mén)課程。故第56題應(yīng)選擇D項(xiàng)，register for表示“登記，報(bào)名參加(課程)”。文中兩次出現(xiàn)的“silence”以及“if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us t

20、o learn less”都表明，在手語(yǔ)課上任何談話都是被禁止的，故第57題選擇A項(xiàng)，prohibit表示“禁止”。此部分選項(xiàng)中的register for和prohibit都是考生相對(duì)陌生的考綱詞匯，所以一些考生會(huì)因?yàn)樵~匯積累不夠，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。 [典例2]　 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But __41__apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a

21、 Canadian 42.passport. 41．A.benefits B．deposits C．restrictions D．examinations [分析]　選C　該選段是文章第一段?？蘸蠼榻B這位能夠獲得免費(fèi)環(huán)游世界機(jī)票的女士的名字必須是Elizabeth Gallagher，而且必須持有加拿大護(hù)照。這些都是限制條件。故選擇C項(xiàng)，restriction表示“限制規(guī)定”。restriction也在考綱之內(nèi)，許多考生卻因不熟悉這個(gè)詞匯而造成誤選。benefit“優(yōu)勢(shì)，好處”；deposit“訂金，押金”；examination“檢查，考試”。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

22、5 因慣性思維而錯(cuò)選 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，由于種種原因，如考生的母語(yǔ)、知識(shí)面、思維習(xí)慣等都有可能令考生出現(xiàn)一些思維定式現(xiàn)象，即不善于思考，考慮問(wèn)題不全面，導(dǎo)致誤解一些題目，從而抑制思維能力的發(fā)展。完形填空解題中因慣性思維而失分常有以下兩種情況： (1)學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)受到的思維定式影響 有些考生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)單詞過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化，僅記其中文意思，而不深刻理解其實(shí)際用法和英漢用法之間的細(xì)微差異。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth.來(lái)表達(dá)。 (2)學(xué)習(xí)詞組或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)時(shí)受到的思維定式影響 例如：學(xué)習(xí)了wait for這個(gè)詞組以后，有的考生在做題過(guò)程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介

23、詞時(shí)就毫不猶豫地選擇for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。 [典例1]　(2017·北京高考)One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man __36__ out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was

24、homeless and hungry. 36．A.jumping B．eating C．crying D．waving [分析]　選B　受思維習(xí)慣的影響，考生易誤選A項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閖ump out of 是常見(jiàn)搭配。但根據(jù)下文的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，她們看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人在垃圾桶里撿東西吃。故選B。 [典例2]　(2016·北京高考)__41__ January 26, Billy and three other children had died. 41．A.From B．On C．By D．After [分析]　選C　受思維習(xí)慣的

25、影響，考生可能會(huì)根據(jù)“在具體的某一天前用介詞on”而誤選B項(xiàng)。因?yàn)榫渥拥闹^語(yǔ)使用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，因此應(yīng)用by。“by＋時(shí)間”與完成時(shí)連用，后跟過(guò)去的時(shí)間時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；跟將來(lái)的時(shí)間時(shí)，用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。句意：截至1月26日，Billy和其他三個(gè)孩子都去世了。 [課堂應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)]　　　　　　(鋪陰影的題目為易錯(cuò)題)　 Our younger son, Tim, was in his senior year of high school.Every student is madly trying to get good __1__ and com

26、plete college applications.There was an essay he had to write and the __2___was drawing near.We're good parents.We do our best at keeping our___3__ shut — whenever possible.Tim knew what he should do, but he had a tendency to __4__ anything.Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night, no matt

27、er how much free time there might have been. I knew I shouldn't __5__ him, but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (隨便的) way, “By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay you're __6__ to do？” Tim, in his __7__ way, looked at me and said, “Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it don

28、e any faster” — a line that has been __8__ in family memory forever.Tim hit on something that seems __9__ truer today than when he first said it.Our anxiety doesn't make us faster or more efficient. __10__， it simply makes us more anxious. It seems so __11__， and yet, something I easily forget.Whe

29、n I closed my eyes on the subway train, my anxiety was the first thing to __12__.It was surprisingly loud: “You need to do this! Have you worried about that? What about that？” I __13__ to open my eyes quickly, take out my phone and send an email __14__ put down something in my calendar.I forgot I sh

30、ould deal with my anxiety rather than be __15__ by it. We should keep our anxiety under __16__.How can we have the courage to face __17__ if we worry about this and that? When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed and say to ourselves that __18__ will be much better and we can mak

31、e it through.As long as we __19__ dealing with anxiety every day, it will become less and less till it disappears __20__. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者的兒子在讀高三，處在努力拼搏的階段。面對(duì)孩子的拖沓，作者感到焦慮。但她兒子的話讓她明白焦慮解決不了問(wèn)題，我們必須學(xué)會(huì)努力克服焦慮。 1.A.grades　　　　　　　 B．comments C．salaries D．jobs 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文“Our younger son, Tim, was in his

32、 senior year of high school.”及下文“complete college applications”可知，作者的兒子Tim在讀高三，每一位學(xué)生都在努力取得好成績(jī)并完成大學(xué)申請(qǐng)。grade此處意為“成績(jī)”，還可表示“年級(jí)，等級(jí)，級(jí)別”等意思。 2．A.competition　　　　　 B．meeting C．deadline D．celebration 解析：選C 　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，作者的兒子有一篇文章要寫(xiě)，截止日期馬上要到了。deadline意為“最后期限，截止日期”。 3．A.eyes B．hearts C．doors D．mouths 解析：選

33、D　根據(jù)下文“Tim knew what he should do”可知，作者和丈夫知道在可能的情況下要盡力閉嘴，因?yàn)門(mén)im知道自己應(yīng)該做什么。 4.A.worry about　　　　　 B．put off C．note down D．figure out 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文“Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night ...”可知，無(wú)論有多少空閑時(shí)間，作者的兒子總是直到周日晚上才開(kāi)始寫(xiě)周末作業(yè)。故作者的兒子有拖沓的傾向。put off常意為“推遲，延期，阻礙”，而此處意為“拖沓”。 5．A.blame B．confuse

34、 C．urge D．help 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文“but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (隨便的) way, ‘By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay you're ________ to do？’”可知，作者不想催促Tim，但她很著急。所以用了一種隨便的方式去問(wèn)他。 6．A.allowed B．supposed C．a(chǎn)dvised D．forced 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文第一段“There was an essay he had to write”可知，作者是在問(wèn)Tim開(kāi)

35、始寫(xiě)他應(yīng)該完成的文章了嗎。 7．A.wise B．new C．simple D．strange 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文“Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it done any faster”可知，作者的兒子告訴她，她的焦慮并不能使他做得更快。因此他是用一種睿智的方式回應(yīng)作者。 8.A.repeated　　　　　　 B．preserved C．copied D．ignored 解析：選B　作者兒子的話永遠(yuǎn)保存在了家庭的記憶中。preserve“保存”，符合語(yǔ)境。 9．A.yet B．even C．ever D

36、．never 解析：選B　Tim富有哲理的話在今天更有道理。因?yàn)殡S著時(shí)間的推移，作者對(duì)焦慮有了更深的感悟。 10.A.Fortunately　　　　 　 B．Partly C．Actually D．Originally 解析：選C　四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)在形式上非常相似，都是副詞，考生容易混淆而失分。根據(jù)上文“Our anxiety doesn't make us faster or more efficient.”及下文“it simply makes us more anxious.”可知，我們的焦慮不會(huì)使我們做事更快或更有效率。事實(shí)上(actually)，這只會(huì)使我們更焦慮。fortun

37、ately“幸運(yùn)地”；partly“一定程度上”；originally“原來(lái)，起初”。 11．A.easy B．natural C．terrible D．obvious 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文“and yet, something I easily forget.”可知，這個(gè)道理很明顯，但仍然被作者輕易地忘了。 12．A.speak B．a(chǎn)ct C．remember D．lose 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文“It was surprisingly loud: ‘You need to do this！”可知，當(dāng)作者在地鐵上閉上眼睛的時(shí)候，焦慮會(huì)第一個(gè)浮現(xiàn)在腦海，開(kāi)始跟她“講話”。

38、 13.A.managed　　　　 　 B．refused C．used D．a(chǎn)greed 解析：選C　本題屬于語(yǔ)篇層次題，需放眼全篇才能解答。根據(jù)下文最后一段“When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed”可知，在這種情況下，作者以前會(huì)立刻睜開(kāi)眼睛，拿出電話發(fā)郵件或者在日程表上記下一些東西，但現(xiàn)在不會(huì)這樣做了。 14．A.or B．unless C．a(chǎn)fter D．before 解析：選A　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 15．A.bothered B．reminded C．a(chǎn)ttracted D．hurt 解

39、析：選A　根據(jù)上文“I forgot I should deal with my anxiety”可知，作者忘記了她應(yīng)該去應(yīng)對(duì)焦慮，而不是被焦慮所困擾。 16．A.observation B．protection C．control D．pressure 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文可知，我們應(yīng)該控制好我們的焦慮。 17．A.opportunities B．realities C．others D．difficulties 解析：選D　如果我們擔(dān)心這個(gè)，擔(dān)心那個(gè)，那么我們?nèi)绾斡杏職饽軌蛎鎸?duì)困難呢？ 18．A.something B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．

40、everything 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文“and we can make it through”可知，我們應(yīng)該告訴自己一切都會(huì)變得更好，我們能夠渡過(guò)難關(guān)。 19．A.mind B．practise C．enjoy D．finish 解析：選B　只要我們每天練習(xí)應(yīng)對(duì)焦慮，那么焦慮會(huì)變得越來(lái)越小。 20．A.quickly B．exactly C．a(chǎn)pparently D．completely 解析：選D　根據(jù)上文“it will become less and less”可知，焦慮會(huì)變得越來(lái)越小，直到完全消失。 文體分類練(一)　記敘文 A卷 A (2018·廣

41、州模擬)Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut. “This is going to be a really __1__ week，” he said unhappily to no one __2__. He looked around the campground. Hundreds of blue-green fir trees, some as tall as church towers, __3__ the mountainside, giving it the appearance of a lush

42、 green carpet. The sun would be setting soon. Then, Grady thought, maybe the __4__ wouldn't feel so bad. Even up here in the __5__， the hot stickiness of July clung to him. Grady hated camping, but it was something his family __6__ every summer. His father liked cooking over an open fire, telling s

43、tories about how to __7__ things like bear attacks and swarms of bees. His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take __8__ of animals. Jared had a collection of bug pictures that he'd __9__ to the walls in his half of their room. Grady thought they were just scary and considered them p

44、roof that Jared was a __10__ kid. They set up camp — two __11__， one for his parents and one for himself and Jared. While everyone else started __12__ dinner, Grady, looking for some place to cool down, set off for the nearby stream, which was deep enough to __13__ in. As he __14__ the stream, som

45、ething caught his eye. There was a(n) __15__ black bear cub — no more than two feet tall with a lovely face. It was playing __16__ at the water's edge, __17__ its surroundings. Grady moved closer to get a __18__ look. Then Grady heard a sound behind him. He __19__ his father saying that bear cubs wo

46、uld never be __20__. Then he turned around and saw the cub's mother moving swiftly towards him ... 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述的是Grady和家人一起露營(yíng)，由于天氣太熱，Grady獨(dú)自一人去找小溪乘涼，卻遇到了黑熊的故事。 1．A.long　　　　　　　　 B．interesting C．peaceful D．risky 解析：選A　根據(jù)空后的“unhappily”可知，此處應(yīng)用long表示這一周會(huì)很漫長(zhǎng)。long“漫長(zhǎng)的”；interesting“有趣的”；peaceful

47、“和平的，平靜的”；risky“危險(xiǎn)的，冒險(xiǎn)的”。 2．A.in advance B．in brief C．in particular D．in silence 解析：選C　他不高興地自言自語(yǔ)道：“這將是很漫長(zhǎng)的一周?！盙rady并沒(méi)有特別地對(duì)某個(gè)人說(shuō)，因此，C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。in silence“安靜地，無(wú)聲地”。 3．A.blocked B．covered C．reflected D．scarred 解析：選B　數(shù)以百計(jì)的藍(lán)綠色冷杉樹(shù)，有些像教堂塔一樣高，覆蓋著山坡，使山坡呈現(xiàn)出一個(gè)郁郁蔥蔥的像綠色地毯的外觀。從下文的“carpet”可知，數(shù)以百計(jì)的冷杉樹(shù)覆蓋著山坡。blo

48、ck“阻止，阻塞”；cover“覆蓋”；reflect“反射，映出”；scar“結(jié)疤，給……留下傷痕”。 4．A.dust B．campground C．heat D．sun 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文中的“The sun would be setting soon.”及下文中的“the hot stickiness of July clung to him”可知，Grady認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)下山后就不會(huì)那么熱了。故C項(xiàng)heat“高溫”符合語(yǔ)境。dust“塵土”；campground“野營(yíng)地”。 5．A.mountain B．river C．sky D．tower 解析：選A　即使在山上，

49、7月的炎熱依舊如影隨形。根據(jù)上文中的“mountainside”可知，作者的野營(yíng)地在山上。故選A項(xiàng)。 6．A.believed in B．insisted on C．came across D．lived through 解析：選B　Grady討厭野營(yíng)，但是這是他家人每年夏天堅(jiān)持的事情。根據(jù)空前的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知，Grady的家人和他的想法相反。believe in“相信”；insist on“堅(jiān)持”；come across“偶遇”；live through“經(jīng)歷過(guò)”。故選B項(xiàng)。 7．A.encourage B．explore C．recognize D．survive 解

50、析：選D　他的父親喜歡在戶外的火上做飯，講關(guān)于如何在類似熊和蜜蜂的攻擊下生存下來(lái)的故事。根據(jù)空后的“bear attacks and swarms of bees”可知，這些故事是關(guān)于如何在類似熊和蜜蜂攻擊下生存的。survive“幸存，生還”符合語(yǔ)境。encourage“鼓勵(lì)”；explore“探索”；recognize“認(rèn)識(shí)，認(rèn)出”。 8．A.care B．control C．pictures D．examples 解析：選C　根據(jù)后一句中的“Jared had a collection of bug pictures”可知，本空指給動(dòng)物拍照。take pictures of“拍

51、……的照片”，為固定搭配。 9．A.guided B．pinned C．taken D．thrown 解析：選B　根據(jù)空后的“to the walls”可知，這些照片是被釘在墻上的。guide“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”；pin“(用釘?shù)?釘住”。 10．A.sensitive B．smart C．tough D．strange 解析：選D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Grady認(rèn)為這些(蟲(chóng)子的照片)非常嚇人，并且把它們當(dāng)作證明Jared是一個(gè)奇怪的孩子的證據(jù)。sensitive“敏感的”；smart“聰明的”；tough“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的”；strange“奇怪的”。 11．A.beds B．rooms

52、 C．tents D．plates 解析：選C　根據(jù)空前的“camp”可知，此處是搭起兩個(gè)帳篷。故選C項(xiàng)。 12．A.altering B．hunting C．ordering D．preparing 解析：選D　根據(jù)空后的“dinner”及常識(shí)可知，此處表示準(zhǔn)備晚餐。alter“改變”；hunt“打獵”；order“點(diǎn)菜”；prepare“準(zhǔn)備”。 13．A.dig B．swim C．hide D．sink 解析：選B　當(dāng)其他人都在開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備晚餐的時(shí)候，Grady想要尋找清涼的地方，于是動(dòng)身去附近的小溪。這條小溪足夠深，可以在里面游泳。根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ooking fo

53、r some place to cool down”可知，Grady想在小溪里游泳涼快一下。 14．A.crossed B．imagined C．left D．neared 解析：選D　根據(jù)上文中的“set off for the nearby stream”可知，Grady朝小溪走去，因此此處表示離小溪越來(lái)越近。near“靠近(某地方)”符合語(yǔ)境。 15．A.adorable B．a(chǎn)ggressive C．injured D．large 解析：選A　根據(jù)空后的“no more than two feet tall with a lovely face”可知，小黑熊很可愛(ài)。

54、adorable“可愛(ài)的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；injured“受傷的”。故選A項(xiàng)。 16．A.cautiously B．joyfully C．forcefully D．nervously 解析：選B　小黑熊在水邊快樂(lè)地玩耍，忽視了它周圍的環(huán)境。cautiously“小心地，謹(jǐn)慎地”；joyfully“高興地”；forcefully“強(qiáng)有力地”；nervously“緊張地”。故選B項(xiàng)。 17．A.attacking B．destroying C．hating D．ignoring 解析：選D　參見(jiàn)上題解析。attack“攻擊，進(jìn)攻”；destroy“破

55、壞”；hate“討厭”；ignore“忽視，不顧”。 18．A.better B．brighter C．fixed D．lasting 解析：選A　Grady走近了一點(diǎn)，想看得更清楚一些。get a better look“看得更清楚”。 19．A.found B．learned C．remembered D．misunderstood 解析：選C　這時(shí)Grady聽(tīng)到后面?zhèn)鱽?lái)一陣聲音，Grady記起父親說(shuō)過(guò)熊的幼仔不會(huì)單獨(dú)出行的。find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；learn“學(xué)會(huì)，了解到”；remember“記得”；misunderstand“誤解”。 20．A.alone B．a(chǎn)wa

56、ke C．cute D．scared 解析：選A　參見(jiàn)上題解析。alone“獨(dú)自的”；awake“醒著的”；cute“漂亮的，聰明的”；scared“恐懼的，驚恐的”。 B (2018·成都診斷)When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a ＄500,000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. __1__， she put the money in the bank and __2__ writing poem

57、s. In 2011, she finally __3__ what to do with it. That year, Heather's godson and his wife __4__ their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled. “I saw how people's __5__ can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a __6__ situation，” says Heather. She __7__ there were

58、 millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically (慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather __8__ a nonprofit organization offering a seven-day vacation, with all __9__ paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years. Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. W

59、hen Tricia got a call saying she was offered a __10__ vacation, she couldn't __11__it; disbelief even __12__ her concern about leaving her two kids. Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the __13__ things. “I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when

60、 I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the __14__ would return when the __15__ was over, but to her surprise, it hasn't been back since. Heather says Tricia's __16__ resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year. “Before the vacation they are s

61、o __17__， but the __18__ is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels __19__ like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another __20__，” she adds. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十萬(wàn)美元獎(jiǎng)金建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，為照顧慢性病患者和殘疾人的護(hù)理員提供免費(fèi)休假，讓他們到新的環(huán)境中，從不一樣的角度來(lái)看待他們的人生。 1．A.However B．Therefore

62、 C．Instead D．Besides 解析：選C　根據(jù)空處前一句中的“she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在獲得了五十萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)金后，她并沒(méi)有購(gòu)買汽車或去旅游，反而，她將這些錢(qián)存入銀行。instead“而是，反而”，符合語(yǔ)境。 2．A.continued B．quitted C．practiced D．started 解析：選A　她(這位詩(shī)人)獲獎(jiǎng)后，將獎(jiǎng)金存進(jìn)銀行，繼續(xù)(continued)寫(xiě)詩(shī)。quit“停止”；practice“實(shí)踐，訓(xùn)練”。 3．A.thought over B．wondered

63、C．talked about D．decided 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文第三段中的“Heather ________ a nonprofit organization offering a seven-day vacation”可知，此處表示在2011年，她終于決定如何使用這筆錢(qián)。decide“決定”，符合語(yǔ)境。think over“仔細(xì)考慮”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talk about“談到，談?wù)摗薄? 4．A.held B．welcomed C．lost D．saved 解析：選B　Heather的教子和他的妻子迎來(lái)了他們的第一個(gè)孩子，那是一個(gè)漂亮的女?huà)耄怯袊?yán)重的殘疾

64、。welcome“迎接”，符合語(yǔ)境。 5．A.feelings B．future C．lives D．routine 解析：選C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，并結(jié)合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一個(gè)殘疾的女?huà)肟芍?，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之間發(fā)生改變的。routine“慣例，常規(guī)”。 6．A.different B．similar C．worse D．better 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一個(gè)殘疾女?huà)氩⑶襀eather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之間發(fā)生改變的可知，Heather開(kāi)始關(guān)注那些有相似(simil

65、ar)境遇的人。 7．A.discovered B．claimed C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．felt 解析：選A　她發(fā)現(xiàn)有數(shù)百萬(wàn)照顧慢性病患者和殘疾人的護(hù)理員。discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。claim“宣稱；斷言”；admit“承認(rèn)”；feel“感覺(jué)”。 8．A.donated B．found C．visited D．formed 解析：選D　因此Heather在2012年建立了一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，為那些當(dāng)護(hù)理員至少十年的人提供七天免費(fèi)(free)休假。form“建立，組成”，符合語(yǔ)境。donate“捐贈(zèng)”；find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；visit“參觀”。 9．A.taxes

66、 B．salary C．expenses D．rent 解析：選C　參見(jiàn)上題解析。expense“花費(fèi)”，符合語(yǔ)境。tax“稅”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”。 10．A.free B．caring C．short D．long 解析：選A　參見(jiàn)第8題解析。 11．A.believe B．take C．refuse D．enjoy 解析：選A　根據(jù)空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她獲得了一個(gè)免費(fèi)休假這件事。believe“相信”，符合語(yǔ)境。 12．A.woke B．defeated C．showed D．moved 解析：選B　根據(jù)下一段中的“Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免費(fèi)休假這件事情，由此可知，她對(duì)免費(fèi)休假的懷疑(和向往)打敗(defeated)了對(duì)于留下孩子們的擔(dān)憂。wake“醒來(lái)”；show“展示”；move“移動(dòng)”。 13．A.wonderful B．delicious C．peacef