2019年高考英語 高考真題和高考模擬題分項版匯編 專題02 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)及情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣 （含解析）

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1、2019年高考英語真題和模擬題分項匯編 專題02 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)及情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣 一、2019年高考真題 1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【答案】B 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致。句意：在過去的三個月里，這名音樂家與他的樂隊成員已經完成了十場演出。由“in the last three

2、months”可知，這句話的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故排除AD選項。本句主語為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。 2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there. A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell

3、【答案D 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：他到中國幾個月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。發(fā)生在had arrived之后的動作或狀態(tài)應用一般過去時。故選D。 3.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：真遺憾！你錯過了這次觀光，否則，我們本應該在一起度過一段愉快時光的。根據(jù)上文，可知是對過去事情的虛擬，

4、與過去事實相反的假設。其句子結構為：從句：If+主語+過去完成時+其他，主句：主語+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時+其他，故選C。 4.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics. A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed 【答案】B 【解析】考查

5、時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他們正努力確保在2022年北京冬奧會之前安裝5G終端。表示在將來某一時間以前已經完成或一直持續(xù)的動作，用將來完成時。“5G終端”和“安裝”之間是被動關系，用被動語態(tài)，故選B。 5.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 【答案】A 【解析】考查過去完成時。句意：我本來計劃在Pe

6、ter結婚時送他一個禮物的，可是我沒有做到。第二個分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般過去時，它之前的動作用過去完成時。故選A。 6.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 【答案】C 【解析】本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當上周回到村里時，受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)last week

7、可知應用過去時，排除選項A和B。as well as連接并列主語，謂語動詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語是Amy，她受到熱烈歡迎，所以用過去時的被動。故選C。 7.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：

8、工人們沒有被更好的組織起來，否則他們用一半的時間就能完成任務。根據(jù)上句the workers were not better organized可知，這是對過去事情的虛擬。與過去事實相反的假設。其句子結構為：從句：If+主語+過去完成時+其他，主句：主語+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時+其他，故選D。 9.【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is

9、increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】are 【解析】時態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時，故填are。 10.【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year

10、-old business. 【答案】B 【解析】考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時態(tài)，故填declared。 11.【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years 【答案】are 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語從句中的時間狀語“over the

11、years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填have made。 12.【2019·新課標II卷·短文改錯】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need. 【解析】考查一般過去時。本篇文章使用的全是一般過去時，且與最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般過去時，所以最后一句話時態(tài)應為一般過去時。講述當時做決定時的原因。故將is改為was。 1

12、3.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. 【答案】recommended。 【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前

13、后兩個動作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關系，時態(tài)一致。故填recommended。 13.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars 【答案】were invited。 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時態(tài)為一

14、般過去時。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會，所以用被動語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。 二、2019屆模擬題 1.【江蘇省鹽城中學2019屆高三年級質量檢測】 If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe. A. had been B. were C. would be D. was 【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。從句首的if（如果）與主句的would have done（早就做…）可判斷本題考查虛擬語氣

15、，并且根據(jù)主句時態(tài)可以判斷是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，所以if從句用一般過去式，be動詞要用were。虛擬語氣中，be動詞的一般過去時只能用were不能用was，故選B。 【點睛】 If條件狀語從句的虛擬語氣： 1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況 從句：If+主語+動詞一般過去時(Be動詞用were)；主句：主語+ should/would/might/could+do.如If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你） 2.表示與過去事實相反的情況 從句：If+主語+had+done；主句：主語+should/wo

16、uld/might/could+have done.如If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了） 3.表示與將來事實相反 從句：①if+主語+were to do②if+主語+should+do③if+主語+動詞一般過去式（be動詞用were）；主句:主語+should/would/might/could+do.如 If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談談。（事實：來的可能性很小，

17、不可能） 溫馨提示： if引導的虛擬語氣，如果if省略，則將助動詞had、情態(tài)動詞should或be動詞were提到主語的前面。 2.【江蘇省鹽城中學2019屆高三年級質量檢測】When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they ________ in the countryside. A. will do B. had done C. have done D. were doing 【答案】B 【解析】考查過去完成時。句意：我父母剛來城市的時候

18、，經常去鄰居家聊天，就像他們在鄉(xiāng)下經常做的那樣。這是一個when引導的時間狀語從句加just as引導的方式狀語從句。方式狀語從句的主句使用的時態(tài)是一般過去式（went to neighbors for a talk），從句發(fā)生的動作在主句動作之前，所以使用過去完成時。故選B。 3.【江蘇省鹽城中學2019屆高三年級質量檢測】he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it. A. shall B. must C. may D. need 【答案】A 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：法律面前人人平等。沒有人

19、能凌駕于法律之上。A. shall用于第二、第三人稱，則含有命令、警告、允諾或威脅的語氣。B. must（必須，一定）用于肯定句。C. may（可以，能夠）表允許時一般不與第三人稱連用。D. need (表示沒有必要或詢問是否有必要) 需要；故選A。 4.【天津市南開中學2019屆高三年級校模擬考試】—I spend two weeks in Beijing last year. —Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, ________ you? A. mustn’t B. didn’t C. haven

20、’t D. hadn’t 【答案】B 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：——去年我在北京呆了兩周?！敲茨阍诙毫羝陂g一定參觀過長城，是嗎?題中l(wèi)ast summer表示的是一個確定的過去時間，可認定must have visited是對“過去”的推斷，用一般過去時反問。此處是反意疑問句，前半句肯定，后半句應該用否定形式，故選B。 5.【天津市南開中學2019屆高三年級校模擬考試】She ________ to someone on the phone, so I just nodded to her and went away. A. talked B. has talked C. ha

21、d talked D. was talking 【答案】D 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：她正在和別人通電話，所以我只是向她點點頭就走了。此處表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，所以用過去進行時態(tài)，故選D。 6.【天津市南開中學2019屆高三年級校模擬考試】The bus would not have run into the river ________ for the bad tempered lady. A. if it were not B. had it not been C. if it would not be D. should it not be 【答案】B 【解析】考查

22、if從句的虛擬語氣。句意：要不是那位壞脾氣的女士，公共汽車是不會掉進河里的。此處是if引導的虛擬語氣，與過去的事實相反，從句用過去完成時態(tài)，從句中有had則if省略，把助動詞had提到主語前面，故選B。 7.【江蘇省南京市2019屆高三模擬】— Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window? — Well, if you __________. I can put on more clothes. A. can B. may C. must D. shall 【答案】C 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：-不好意思，我把窗戶打開你介意嗎?- 好吧

23、，如果你必須這么做的話。我可以多穿點衣服。A. can能夠；B. may可能；C. must一定；必須；D. shall會；將。must表示偏要，必須要做的事情，故選C。 8.【江蘇省南京市2019屆高三模擬】— How could they misunderstand me like that? —Just keep silent! It’s the best way to let them know they you wrong. A. do B. did C. are doing D. had done 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：-他們怎么能那樣誤解我呢?-

24、 保持沉默!這是讓他們知道他們做錯了你的最好方式。根據(jù)how could可知這件事情發(fā)生在過去，所以用 did you wrong來表示過去他們錯怪了你。故選B。 9.【天津市十二所重點中學2019屆高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考】The students have decided on a final date by which everyone reading the books assigned by their professor. A. finishes B. finished C. have finished D. will have finished 【答案】D 【解

25、析】考查時態(tài)。句意：學生們決定了最后的日期，到那時每個人都將讀完教授布置的書。根據(jù)“a final date by which”可知此處表示將來已經完成的動作，應該用將來完成時，故D項正確。 10.【天津市十二所重點中學2019屆高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考】You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ by turns, you ________ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t hav

26、e got 【答案】D 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：你當時不讓我開車，如果我們輪流開車的話，你就不會這么累了。根據(jù)“You didn’t let me drive.”判斷此處表示與過去事實相反的假設，從句要用過去完成時，主句用wouldn’t have done結構，故D項正確。 【點睛】注意：表示與將來事實相反的假設時，從句謂語形式為動詞過去式（be用were）/should+動詞原形/were to+動詞原形，主句謂語形式為would/should/could+動詞原形；表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設時，從句謂語形式為動詞過去式（be用were），主句謂語形式為would/should/could+動詞原形；表示與過去事實相反的假設時，從句謂語形式為had+過去分詞，主句謂語形式為would/should/could have+過去分詞。 8