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1、l冠詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)冠詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)l 冠詞的考查是當(dāng)前各地高考考卷中的熱冠詞的考查是當(dāng)前各地高考考卷中的熱點(diǎn),是我們復(fù)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)之一。冠詞的考查點(diǎn),是我們復(fù)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)之一。冠詞的考查以固定結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)為主,結(jié)合考查一些以固定結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)為主,結(jié)合考查一些基本規(guī)則。所以我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)中要注重教材中基本規(guī)則。所以我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)中要注重教材中的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的整理,同時(shí)對(duì)下面的冠詞規(guī)則也的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的整理,同時(shí)對(duì)下面的冠詞規(guī)則也要引起重視。要引起重視。l1、不定冠詞的用法比較;、不定冠詞的用法比較;l2、定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法;、定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法;l3、零冠詞的用法;、零冠詞的用法;l4、在習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中冠詞的用法;、在
2、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中冠詞的用法;冠詞的定義和種類:英語(yǔ)冠詞是置于名詞之前、說(shuō)明名詞所表示的人或事物的一種虛詞。冠詞也可以說(shuō)是名詞的一種標(biāo)志,它不能離開名詞而獨(dú)立存在。英語(yǔ)冠詞有三種:定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞。 冠詞冠詞1.不定冠詞:不定冠詞:a , an一般有一般有any 或或one 的意的意思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念,只用來(lái)指食物,說(shuō)明思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念,只用來(lái)指食物,說(shuō)明其名稱或種類。用法如下:其名稱或種類。用法如下:(1)泛指人、事、物的類別)泛指人、事、物的類別(2)泛指某人、某物)泛指某人、某物(3)表示)表示one, every 或或per的意義的意義Eg: 1. There was _ tim
3、e when I hated to go to school. 2. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience.aanan2.定冠詞的用法:定冠詞的用法:(1)表示特指和第二次提到的人或物;)表示特指和第二次提到的人或物;the worker(那個(gè)工人),那個(gè)工人),the same (相同的)相同的)(2) 用于指代世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物;用于指代世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物;the sun ,the moon, the earth(3)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前面;)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞最
4、高級(jí)前面;the first the secondthe most beautiful, the best(4) 用于江河湖海、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣、用于江河湖海、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣、沙漠及表方位的名詞前;沙漠及表方位的名詞前;the Yellow River , the east (東部)東部)(5) 與某些形容詞連用表示一類人或物;與某些形容詞連用表示一類人或物;the rich , the wounded (傷員)傷員)(6) 用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前面,表示用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前面,表示“夫婦夫婦”或或“全全家家”;the Smiths , the Kings(7)用于表示樂(lè)器的名詞前面;用于表示
5、樂(lè)器的名詞前面;Lucy likes to play the violin/ piano /guitar.(8)用于表示時(shí)間的詞組用于表示時(shí)間的詞組 in the morning (afternoon,evening). in the 1980s , have a rest , live a happy life (9)固定搭配,)固定搭配, 習(xí)慣用法。習(xí)慣用法。have a rest ,live a happy life have an effect on冠詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練:冠詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練:1.The news is spreading from mouth to mouth. -Yes , its
6、 become_ talk of _ town.2.Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.3.- _ Smiths have moved to Guangzhou.4. He has _ great interest in history, especially in _ history of Tan Dynasty.thethetheThe athel不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞的用法l考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊1l The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17t
7、h century cottage. l (04浙江) l A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a該句意為“威爾遜先生一家住在海邊的一幢A型房子里,那是一幢十七世紀(jì)的屋子?!眱商幎急硎尽耙淮薄?,A-shaped 是元音開頭,該用 an;而 seventeenth是輔音開頭,所以該用 a。l定冠詞的用法定冠詞的用法l考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊1l As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _. (04上海春季)l A. by the hour B. by hour l C. by an hour D.
8、 by hours“按小時(shí)付費(fèi)”,以及其它用來(lái)表示“按計(jì)算”都需用介詞 by 加 the 加單位名詞來(lái)表示,如:by the day; by the pound; by the dozen 。但需注意:size; weight; time; length 等名詞并不表示單位,所以不需加 the。l數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)l 雖然數(shù)詞并不是近幾年的考查重點(diǎn),但我們雖然數(shù)詞并不是近幾年的考查重點(diǎn),但我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)還是需要搞清楚以下幾個(gè)概念:在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)還是需要搞清楚以下幾個(gè)概念:l1、數(shù)詞的基本用法及比較;、數(shù)詞的基本用法及比較;l2、數(shù)詞的位置;、數(shù)詞的位置;l3、倍數(shù)詞的表達(dá)習(xí)慣;、倍數(shù)
9、詞的表達(dá)習(xí)慣;l4、在習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞的用法;、在習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞的用法;一、基數(shù)詞2.基數(shù)詞的用法基數(shù)詞的用法1.基數(shù)詞的形式基數(shù)詞的形式3.基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1) 基數(shù)詞中112是獨(dú)立單詞,1319的基數(shù)詞以后綴-teen結(jié)尾,2090 八個(gè)整十位數(shù)數(shù)詞以后綴-ty結(jié)尾。1.基數(shù)詞的形式基數(shù)詞的形式2) 表示其他兩位數(shù)詞,十位與個(gè)位之間用連字符“-”: twenty-three, seventy-five, etc.3) 百位數(shù)與十位數(shù)之間,英式英語(yǔ)用and連接,美式英語(yǔ)一般不用: 英:three hundred and sixty-five days 美:five thousa
10、nd eight hundred twenty-two students作主語(yǔ)The four of us were too frightened to say a word.Its said that thirteen is an unlucky number in western countries.2.基數(shù)詞的用法基數(shù)詞的用法作定語(yǔ) Fifty thousand London workers are on strike.作賓語(yǔ) How many do you want? I want four.作表語(yǔ) The boy is ten.作同位語(yǔ) They three joined the s
11、chool team.作狀語(yǔ) I hate riding two on a bike.1)表示確指數(shù)字時(shí), ten, hundred, thousand, million只用單數(shù)形式, 不能加-s。3.基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式2)dozen(十二), score(二十), head(一頭)等表示確切數(shù)字時(shí)不用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但在表示不確切數(shù)字時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù): two dozen bottles of beer; dozens of times; four score and six years; scores of students3)表示“幾十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來(lái)表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。e.
12、g. She died in her forties. This story took place in the 1950s.二、序數(shù)詞2.序數(shù)詞的基本用法序數(shù)詞的基本用法1.序數(shù)詞的形式序數(shù)詞的形式1)序數(shù)詞中除了前三個(gè)(first, second, third)形式特殊以外,其余都以-th結(jié)尾1.序數(shù)詞的形式序數(shù)詞的形式2)以-ty結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時(shí), 須將-y改為-i再加-eth 3)兩位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí), 只須將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞, 十位數(shù)不變4)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成1)序數(shù)詞在句中主要用作定語(yǔ), 前面要加定冠詞 the2.序數(shù)詞的基本用法序數(shù)
13、詞的基本用法2)序數(shù)詞前有時(shí)可加不定冠詞a/an, 表示“再一次, 又一”3)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)可用來(lái)代替“第個(gè)(批)人/物”4)定冠詞the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)3.倍數(shù)比較的表達(dá)法倍數(shù)比較的表達(dá)法1)倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as2)倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than3)倍數(shù)+the length (width等名詞)+of4)倍數(shù)+ as much (many,large,etc.) + asl數(shù)詞的基本用法數(shù)詞的基本用法l考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊1l It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to university for f
14、urther education. l A. 90s, the B. the 90s, /l C. 90s, theirD. the 90s, their表示“幾十歲”;用 in + 數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù),如:He began to work in his teens.表示年代,用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù);l數(shù)詞的基本用法數(shù)詞的基本用法l考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊2l _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. ( 2000上海) l A. Two fifth, isB. Two fifth, arel C. Two fifths
15、, isD. Two fifths, are分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)鍵是看其后的名詞來(lái)決定其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。該題中的是不可數(shù)名詞,所以動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。l數(shù)詞的基本用法數(shù)詞的基本用法l考題點(diǎn)擊考題點(diǎn)擊3 Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (2002上海春) A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many倍數(shù)表示法:主+謂+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj. (+ n.) + asI have three times as many as you