2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)同步攻關(guān) unit 4 Earthquakes學(xué)案 必修1

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1、Unit 4 Earthquakes 導(dǎo)讀：天災(zāi)無(wú)情，大愛無(wú)疆。只要人人奉獻(xiàn)一點(diǎn)愛，這個(gè)世界將變成美好的人間。洛杉磯市長(zhǎng)的激揚(yáng)文字，真正地讓我們感到愛的無(wú)處不在，難道我們不為之動(dòng)容嗎？ 面對(duì)天災(zāi)人禍，我們?cè)撊绾问┱刮覀兊摹按髳邸蹦兀? 你也許認(rèn)為 大洋會(huì)把我們分開 或因不同的政府而分離 或是，因文化的不同而隔膜。 但是，當(dāng)土地在我們腳下顫抖 不論在加州還是中國(guó)，人們心靈相通 突然間 汶川地震后美國(guó)洛杉磯市長(zhǎng)致中國(guó)人民的親筆信 政治、金錢與所有既定的計(jì)劃 都不再重要。 地震非福非禍 他是(上帝的)測(cè)試 檢驗(yàn)人們心中的仁慈。 —From Newsifeng. com

2、 請(qǐng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)義及提示寫出單詞 1.Two－thirds of the people died or were __________(受傷) during the earthquake. 　2. A great part of the city was d__________ in the earthquake. 　3. Seeing a baby crying in the burning house, the firemen r__________ her from the house. 　4. J__________ from his appearance, the manager

3、can't be over 60. 5. Most of the miners were __________(埋葬) alive in the accident. 　6. If we don't take firm and effective measures to fight against pollution, the result is __________(extremely)． 　7. He has been give the __________(稱號(hào)) of a Good Son of the People because he has devoted all his l

4、ife to the poor small mountain village. 8. I would like to __________ (expression) my thanks to the teachers who have given me so much help in my poor situation. 　9. All stars have held the concert without any pay to collect money for __________(受災(zāi)的) area. 10. I have witnessed the __________(恐怖的)

5、 traffic accident. injured　2. destroyed　3. rescued　4. Judging 5. buried　6. extreme　 7. title　 8. express　 9. disaster－h(huán)it　 10. frightening 請(qǐng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)義寫出短語(yǔ) 1. in______ 破敗不堪 2. ______of 代替 3. ______ from/by 依……判斷 4. give______ 分發(fā) 5. right ______ 立刻；馬上 6. begin______以……開始 7. __

6、____to 提及 8. take______ to do sth.輪流做某事 9. raise______to do sth. 集資做某事 10. at an ______結(jié)束 ruins　 2. instead　 3. judge　 4. out　 5. away　 6. with　 7. refer　 8. turns　 9. money　10. end 1. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (P26) 2. It seem

7、ed as if the world was at an end! (P26) 3. All hope was not lost. (P26) ① rescue n．&vt. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義 (1) The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. (2) The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. (3) Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配 營(yíng)救　 B. 救援 (

8、1) A　(2) B　(3) A 短語(yǔ) rescue sb. / sth. from sb. / sp. 把……從……營(yíng)救出來(lái) come to/ go to sb.'s rescue ＝ rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊(duì) a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員 用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1) The mother, along with her two children, ______from the sinking boat by a passing ship. (2) The fi

9、remen ______ five children from the burning house yesterday. (1) has been rescued　(2) rescued ② judge n．&vt. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義 (1) His father used to be a judge. (2) She's a good judge of wine. (3) He was one of the judge in the final. (4) Don't judge a man by his looks. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配 判斷　 B. 鑒賞家　 C. 法官

10、　 D. 裁判 (1) C　(2) B　(3) D　(4) A 短語(yǔ) judge sb. / sth. by/from 通過(guò)……判斷…… judging from/by… 從……來(lái)看， 根據(jù)……判斷 judge between right and wrong 判斷是非 in one's judgement 依某人看；依某人判斷 句型 as far as I judge 在我看來(lái) Don't judge a book by its cover. 不可憑外表作出判斷。 溫馨提示 judging from/by…是一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分句型，一般地說(shuō)，它只用其v.－ing形式作

11、狀語(yǔ)。 Judging from the sky, it's likely to rain. 從天空中看，天好像要下雨了。 用與judge相關(guān)的詞匯填空 (1) ______ from his appearance, he must be a rich man. (2) ______， he must be from the south. (1) Judging　(2) In her judgment ③ ruin vt.&n. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義 (1) The hurricane ruined all the houses here. (2) He ruined hi

12、s prospects by carelessness. (3)After the earthquake, all the buildings in the city were in ruins. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配 斷送　 B. 摧毀　 C. 廢墟 (1) B　(2) A　(3) C 短語(yǔ) be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to ruin 毀滅，落空 ruin oneself 自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅 辨析 ruin/damage/destroy ruin 指徹底摧毀一件事物，特

13、別是美好、珍貴的事物，并使其無(wú)法修復(fù)； damage主要用于無(wú)生命的東西，常指對(duì)價(jià)值和功能的損壞，可修復(fù)； destroy意為“毀壞，消滅”，指不可修復(fù)的破壞。 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境使用ruin的正確形式填空 We visited the ______ of Yuanmingyuan last summer. It ______ by the foreign invaders. Seeing the ______ palace we feel very pitiful. ruins; was ruined; ruined ④injure vt. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義 (1) They w

14、ere slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash. (2) This could seriously injure the school's reputation. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配 受傷　 B. 損害 (1) A　(2) B 鏈接 injured adj. 受傷的 injury n. 傷口，受傷處 短語(yǔ) do an injury to sb. 傷害某人 an injured look / expression 一副委屈的樣子/神色 injured pride / feelings 受傷的自尊/感情 辨析 wo

15、und/harm/hurt/injure/spoil wound 指利器或子彈對(duì)肉體造成的傷害。 In the modern war, not many soldiers were wounded or killed. harm 指無(wú)形的傷害，“對(duì)……有害”。常指?jìng)耙粋€(gè)人的健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等。 Don't often listen to the loud music. It will harm your hearing. hurt (肉體或精神上的)傷害；(身體部位)感到疼，強(qiáng)調(diào)疼痛。 Your words really hurt him a lot. It hurts

16、me to think that so many people died in the flood. injure 常指各種性質(zhì)的身體上或精神上的傷害。多指事故中人或物的損傷，包括容貌、生理、身體等。 He fell from the second floor and was badly injured/hurt. spoil vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào)“元?dú)馍稀r(jià)值上、或活力上的損壞”，也指日常生活中的某事“不順利，碰釘子”。 Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片老是破壞我的假期。 巧記： 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用injure的恰當(dāng)形式填空 (1)Mo

17、st people protect themselves from ______ to their self－esteem, for they think if their self－esteem was ______ greatly, they will feel ______. injury; injured; injured 單項(xiàng)填空 (　　)(2) My chest ______ when I make a deep breath, doctor. A. harms B. wounds C. hurts D. injures C　考查

18、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：我在深呼吸時(shí)會(huì)胸痛。其后沒有賓語(yǔ)，只能用不及物動(dòng)詞hurt，所以答案是C。 ⑤ the number of ＋ n．(pl.) The number of the students standing outside is about twenty. 站在外面的學(xué)生的數(shù)目大約是20。 the number of ＋ n．(pl.)表示“……的數(shù)量”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。表示數(shù)量的多少，用large和small, 不用many和few。如： 表示“許多”的短語(yǔ) (1)a large / great/good number of a g

19、reat many a good few / quite a few ＋ n. (復(fù)數(shù)) (作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式) (作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)amount的單復(fù)數(shù)決定) (2) many a more than one ＋ n. (單數(shù)) (作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式) (3) a great/ good deal of quite a little ＋ n. (不可數(shù)名詞) (作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式) (4) a large amount of large amounts of ＋ n. (不可數(shù)名詞) 辨析 the number

20、of / a number of a number of＋可數(shù)名詞，意為“許多的、大量的……”，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)； the number of＋可數(shù)名詞，意為“……的數(shù)目”， 其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quantity 的數(shù)決定) (5) a large quantity of large quantities of ＋ n. (復(fù)數(shù))或＋ n. (不可數(shù)名詞) 單項(xiàng)填空 (　　)(1) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadi

21、ly since 2020;2020. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been C　考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是 the number of foreign students, 故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，又因時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是since 2020;2020，所以用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 (　　) (2) With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth ______ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are

22、 washing away D. are being washed away D　考查主謂一致。quantities of后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quantity的數(shù)確定，所以答案是D。 (　　) (3) Good amounts of sleep every night______ also important for your health. A. is B. are C. was D. were B　考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。amounts of 后只接不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和amount的數(shù)保持一致，由于其時(shí)間是every night，

23、要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以答案是B。 ⑥ at an end (1) Be patient, his speech will be at an end soon. (2) The war was finally at an end. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，at an end意思是： ________________________________________________________________________ at an end ＝ finished結(jié)束，終止(常作表語(yǔ)) 短語(yǔ) at the end of 在……盡頭(末)(指時(shí)間和空間) by the end of 到

24、……末為止(與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用) in the end 最后，終于 at a loose end 無(wú)所事事，處于雜亂狀態(tài) make ends meet 收支相抵 come to an end結(jié)束(用作謂語(yǔ)) draw to an end 接近尾聲 bring…to an end使……終止 put an end to 使……終止 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空 (1) How many English words have you learned ______ last term? (2) He became an

25、outstanding doctor ______. (3) My uncle will fly to China ______ this year. (1) by the end of　(2) in the end　(3) at the end of 你知道這道題的正確答案是什么嗎？為什么？ (　　)They walked and walked until they came ______ the end of the stream. A. at B. by C. in D. to D　首先我們知道by the end

26、 of后不跟地點(diǎn)；in the end是一個(gè)獨(dú)立使用的短語(yǔ)；雖然at the end of 后接地點(diǎn)，但它所表示的是“在……的盡頭或末尾”，表示狀態(tài)。而本題的語(yǔ)境所表示的是“來(lái)到了溪流的盡頭”，所以答案是D。 ⑦ In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(P26) 農(nóng)家大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。 (1) too…to…太……以至不能…… The boy is too weak to lift the heavy box. 這男孩太虛弱，舉不起那個(gè)重箱子。 (2)

27、當(dāng)too…to…跟少數(shù)形容詞(如ready，glad，pleased，apt，willing，inclined，eager, easy, satisfied等)搭配時(shí)，不定式無(wú)否定意義。 He is too ready to promise. 他輕于許諾。 Beginners are too apt to make mistakes. 初學(xué)者極易出錯(cuò)。 (3) too…to…的否定形式not too…to…的意思是“不是太……而不能”。 He is not too young to dress himself. 他不是小得連衣服都不會(huì)穿。 It is never too old

28、 to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。 (4)cannot(或can never)…too/enough…表示“怎么……也不會(huì)過(guò)分”、“越……越好”的含義。 One cannot be careful enough in making the decision as it was such a critical case. 因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)如此重要的問(wèn)題，所以在做出決定時(shí)無(wú)論怎樣謹(jǐn)慎都不過(guò)分。 I can't thank you too much for giving me so much help. 我對(duì)你給予我那么大的幫助感激不盡。 ⑧ It seemed as if

29、the world was at an end! (P26) 世界似乎到了末日！ ⑧ as if 當(dāng)as if引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，我們一定要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷語(yǔ)義是否符合客觀實(shí)際，符合客觀實(shí)際就用陳述語(yǔ)氣，即：該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)；不符合客觀實(shí)際就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即： as if ＋ 主語(yǔ) ＋ had done sth. (從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在過(guò)去) did / were (從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在) would do sth. (從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在將來(lái)) 巧記： had done　did/ were　would do 之前　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞　 之后 鏈接 (1) as if/

30、as though (似乎是，好像是)的功能 ① 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，常和動(dòng)詞look / seem 連用： She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看上去好像年輕了10歲。 It seems as if our team is going to win. 好像我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。 ② 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句： He treated her as if she were his daughter. 他對(duì)待她好像是自己的女兒。 (2) as if (as though)可用于省略句中：as if 引導(dǎo)的從句?？墒÷灾髡Z(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞，這樣其后就只剩

31、下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞(如文中例句)。 He acts as if (he were)a fool / mad. 他做事像個(gè)傻子 / 像瘋了一樣。 Tom raised his hands as if (he were going) to say something. 湯姆舉起手好像要說(shuō)什么。 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子 (1) There are masses of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it ______(將要) rain. (2) He talked as if he ______(知曉) eve

32、rything in the world. (1)is going to　從“天空中烏云密布”，我們就可以判斷出天要下雨的可能性相當(dāng)大，所以我們用陳述語(yǔ)氣，因是客觀推測(cè)的將來(lái)，所以答案是is going to。 (2) had known　從語(yǔ)境：他說(shuō)起話來(lái)就好像他窮知世界一切似的?！案F知世界”這是不可能的，所以我們要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境know的動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在talk之前，所以用had known。 ⑨ All hope was not lost. (P26) 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 All the students do not know how to deal

33、with the problem. ＝ Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的學(xué)生都知道如何解決個(gè)問(wèn)題。 1. all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容詞與否定詞not連用時(shí)，一般都表示部分否定。 巧記： 只要表示“全體”意義的詞與否定詞連用，都是部分否定。 2. 如果句子中出現(xiàn)下列詞或短語(yǔ)則該句為全部否定： none

34、 of＋n./pro.; neither＋n./pro.; no＋n.; nothing; nobody; neither; never; nowhere; neither…nor等。 翻譯句子 (1) 并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都喜歡這個(gè)故事。 ___________________________________________ (2) 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不喜歡這個(gè)故事。 ___________________________________________ (1) Both of the students don't like the story. (2) Neither of the students likes the story.