2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案

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1、 課題名稱 二輪復(fù)習(xí)--------非謂語動(dòng)詞 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1 分類2 各自在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞? 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)：1做狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語的區(qū)分2非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的正確選擇 參考資料： 創(chuàng)新教程217-219，233-235，248-249 1非謂語動(dòng)詞在類別上大致可分為三類。 【第一類】：“ing”類型，在語態(tài)上,“ing”分詞表主動(dòng)。在時(shí)態(tài)上，分為一般式和完成式。 考點(diǎn)解析：非謂語動(dòng)詞“ing”類，考簡單一點(diǎn)，可以直接考語態(tài)，也就是考察學(xué)生對(duì)事或物與動(dòng)作之間主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系的理解。如 1. In April, 2020;2020, Preside

2、nt Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,??? the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking??? ?????????????????? B. marked??? ????????????? C. having marked??? D. being marked 解析：這道題主要考察了非謂語動(dòng)詞中的語態(tài)問題。顯然President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao與mark應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以這里用marking the 60t

3、h anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.在句中作結(jié)果狀語。所以選A。 當(dāng)然，也可以將時(shí)態(tài)的考察放進(jìn)去。例如，04年江蘇卷 2.The old man,??? abroad for twenty years , is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work??????????? B. working??????????? C. to have work????? D .having worked 解析：此句用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，注意for twenty years，所以應(yīng)該用分詞的完

4、成式。故選D。 【注意】：分詞的完成式一般不用來作定語，只能作狀語。但是非限制性后置定語則可用分詞的完成式?！練w納總結(jié)】：一看語態(tài)，二看時(shí)態(tài)，三注意語法上的限制。 【第二類】：“ed”類型，在語態(tài)上表被動(dòng)。在時(shí)態(tài)上，一般只有一般式。 考點(diǎn)解析：“ed”類型在語態(tài)上的考察與“ing”類是一樣的，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)的辨別力，但有所不同的是在時(shí)態(tài)上，“ed”類型的非謂語動(dòng)詞在作狀語時(shí)一般不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的先后，只說明原因條件等，但這不是絕對(duì)的，有時(shí)題目中會(huì)有明顯的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，我們就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例如，09年北京卷第34題 3. ____ twice, the postman refused

5、to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten???? B. Bitten???? C. Having bitten??? D. To be bitten 解析：此題中，postman與bite應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其次考慮時(shí)態(tài)，顯然這里是作狀語表原因，并且也沒有很明確的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以用bitten就可以了。所以選B。 但也不是絕對(duì)的，例如我們可以說Having been told several times, he couldn’t understand what I meant. 也可以說Told sever

6、al times ,he couldn’t understand what I meant.一般題目不會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，如果出現(xiàn)，就要觀察句意是否著重強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的先后。例如，Being used by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.這句中就著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了所處的時(shí)間段“now”，所以the bike can’t be lent to you！ 【歸納總結(jié)】：一看語態(tài)，二看時(shí)態(tài)，仔細(xì)斟酌。 【第三類】：“inf”類型，不定式的考察主要聚焦在它在句中所作的成分以及所對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的理解。時(shí)態(tài)上，不定時(shí)有一般式（與謂語動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生），完成式（先于謂語動(dòng)詞之

7、前發(fā)生），和進(jìn)行式（在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。如， 4. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. A. Competing??? B. Having completed?? C. To have completed?D. To complete 解析：此題考察了不定式在句中作目的狀語，由題意可知complete應(yīng)在work之后，所以只需用一般式就可以了。所以選D. 5 5 I can hardly imagine Peter ____across the Atlantic Ocean in fi

8、ve days. A sail??????? B. to sail???????????? C. to be sailing??????? D. to have sailed 解析：很顯然，sail 應(yīng)該在imagine之前就發(fā)生了，所以選D. 同時(shí)在動(dòng)詞不定式的考察中還會(huì)涉及到一些小的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)歸納如下 1.“only+動(dòng)詞不定式”常表示未預(yù)料到的結(jié)果，令人失望的結(jié)果。 2.動(dòng)詞接不定式或ing形式意義不同，例如forget to do 和forget doing，regret to do 和regret doing 等等。 3.分詞作狀語時(shí)，注意動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語與主

9、句中的主語是否一致 4. 注意動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的成分，一般動(dòng)詞不定式可以作主語、定語、狀語、賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等等，理解其成分有助于解題。 5 .have \let\make\ 使役動(dòng)詞，notice、observe, see, observe等后接sb+do. 【歸納總結(jié)】：把握題意，關(guān)注時(shí)態(tài)，注意語法細(xì)節(jié)。 非謂語動(dòng)詞除了時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)上要注意，它們各自在句中的成分分析也不容忽視，這往往也是解題的關(guān)鍵。 一、【對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)的考察】 (07安徽)6.Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regre

10、tted ____his advice! A. to take???????? B .taking??????? C .not to take?????? D. not taking 解析：regret doing 意為后悔做過某事，顯然這里成立,taking his advice在句中作regret 的賓語，not直接加在前面就可以了。 二、【對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的考察】 (07湖南)7.Things _____never come again! I couldn’t help talking to myself! A. lost?????????? B. losing???????

11、? C. to lose????????? D. have lost 解析：對(duì)句意的分析可知，此處應(yīng)用lost作后置定語來修飾things.所以選A. 三、【對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作狀語的考察】 (09江西)8. _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. A. Giving???? B. Having given???? C. To give?????? D. Given 解析：本題考查了不定式作原因狀

12、語。Give 與 soccer players應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選D. 四、【對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語的考察】 （07全國）9.I smell something _____in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning?????? B. burnt??????? C. being burnt???? D. to be burnt 解析：本題考察分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語something與補(bǔ)足語burn應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選A.【注意】：謂語動(dòng)詞hope, agree等不能接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 經(jīng)典高考題

13、 1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost 2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women pla

14、yers until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by th

15、e hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study

16、 C. to be studying D. to have been studying 8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be

17、expecting D. expects 10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 12. The

18、managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time 14. Do let your

19、mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 16. ---How do you deal with t

20、he disagreement between the company and the customers? ---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers. A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change

21、it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.（副作用） A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not ma

22、king D. not to make 20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 22. Laws

23、 that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not com

24、pleted 24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing 25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 26. It shames me to

25、say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 28. This company was the f

26、irst ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 30. The storm left, _______

27、_____a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 31（09安徽）The play____ next month aims mainly to reflect the ___ local culture． A．produced B．being produced C．to be produced D．having been produced 32(09北京) For breakfast he only drinks juice from

28、 fresh fruit ___ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 33（09福建） _____not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 34（09海南）Now that we're discussed our pr

29、oblem, are people happy with the decisions __? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 35（09湖南） Every evening after dinner, if not _____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 36(09江蘇) Schoo

30、ls across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ___reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 37（09江西） The government plans to bring in new laws ___

31、 parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 38(09天津) _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged

32、D. Having encouraged 39（09四川） _______ many times , he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 40（09浙江）______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired