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1、 BRITISH STANDARD Safety of machinery D The positioning of protective equipment in respect of approach speeds of parts of the human body The European Standard EN 999:1998 has the status of a British Standard

2、 ICS 13.110; | BS EN 999:1999 | | | | | | | Incorporating | | Corrigendum No. 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

3、 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 999:1999 National foreword This British

4、Standard is the English language version of EN 999:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery, which has the responsibility to: D aid enquirers to understand the text; D present to the responsible European committee

5、any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; D monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. C

6、ross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled aInternational Standards Correspondence Indexo, or by using the aFindo facility of the BSI Standard

7、s Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

8、 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed throughout this document indicates when the document was last issued. Sidelin

9、ing in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment. This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Amd. No. Date Comments 10653 Corrigendum No. 1 August 1999 Indicated by a sideline Sector Committee, was publish

10、ed under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 1999 BSI 08-1999 ISBN 0 580 32158 4 Amendments issued since publication EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 999 NORME EUROPE? ENNE EUROPAè ISCHE NORM October 1998 ICS Descriptors: safety of

11、machines, accident prevention, work safety, control devices, safety devices, ports: openings, distance, safe service life, computation, minimum value English version Safety of machinery D The positioning of protective equipment in respect of approach speeds of parts of the human

12、 body Se? curite? des machines D Positionnement des e? quipements de protection en fonction de la vitesse d'approche des parties du corps Sicherheit von Maschinen D Anfordnung von Schutzeinrichtungen im Hinblick auf Annaè herungsgeschwindigkeiten von Koè rperteilen Thi

13、s European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 September 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and

14、 bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official version (Enlgish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the resp

15、onsibility pf a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,

16、 Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite? Europe? en de Normalisation Europaè isches Komitee fuè r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Sta

17、ssart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of expoitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 999:1998 E Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114, Safety of machinery, Co

18、ntents  Page the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest

19、 by April 1999. It is a type B1 standard and is intended to be an accompaniment to the European Standards EN 292-1 and EN 292-2. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requir

20、ements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard:

21、Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom Foreword 2 0 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 4 4 Me

22、thodology 4 5 General formula for the calculation of minimum distances 6 6 Calculation of minimum distances for electro-sensitive protective equipment employing active opto-electronic protective devices 6 6.1 Direction of approach normal to the detection zone 6 Direction of ap

23、proach parallel to the detection zone 9 Direction of approach angled to the detection zone 9 Dual position equipment 10 7 Method of calculating the minimum distances for ground level trip devices 11 7.1 General method 11 7.2 Floor mounting 11 7.3 Step mounting 11 8 Two-ha

24、nd control devices 11 Annex A (informative) Worked examples 12 Annex B (informative) Walking speeds and stride lengths 13 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU directives 14 0 Introduction

25、The effectiveness of certain types of protective equipment described in this standard to minimize risk relies, in part, on the relevant parts of that equipment being correctly positioned in relation to the danger zone. In deciding on these positions a number of aspects will need to be take

26、n into account, such as: D a need for the identification of hazards and an assessment of all the risks; D practical experiences of users including accident statistics and existing national standards; D the state of the art and possible future technical developments; D type of equipment t

27、o be used; D response times of protective equipment used; D time taken to ensure the safe condition of the machine following operation of the protective equipment, . to stop the machine; D bio-mechanical and anthropometric data of body parts; D path taken by body part when moving from the s

28、ensing or actuating means towards the danger zone; D the possible presence of a person between the device and the danger zone; D the possibility of undetected access to the danger zone. If these aspects are further developed the current state of the art, reflected in this standard, wil

29、l be improved. 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard provides parameters based on values for hand/arm and approach speeds and the methodology to determine the minimum distances from specific sensing or actuating devices of protective equipment to a danger zone. 1.2 These specific devic

30、es are: D trip devices as defined in 3.23.5 of EN 292-1:1991 (specifically electro-sensitive protective equipment, including those used additionally to initiate operation, and pressure sensitive mats); D two-hand control devices as defined in 3.23.4 of EN 292-1:1991 and covered by EN 5

31、74. NOTE For the purposes of this standard, hold-to-run controls, which are designed to be actuated with one hand, are not considered to be protective equipment. 1.3 This standard gives guidance based on the assumption that the correct device has been chosen either by reference to the ap

32、propriate type C standard or by carrying out a risk assessment. 1.4 The calculated distances, when implemented, will provide sufficient protection for persons against the risks caused by approaching a danger zone which generate any of the following mechanical hazards, such as: D crushing,

33、shearing, cutting or severing, entanglement, drawing-in or trapping, friction or abrasion, stabbing or puncture and impact. Protection against the risks from mechanical hazards arising from the ejection of solid or fluid materials and non-mechanical hazards such as toxic emissions, electri

34、city, radiation, etc., are not covered by this standard. 1.5 The distances are derived from data that take into account population groups likely to be found in European countries and are consequently applicable to those groups. NOTE 1 If this standard is to be used for non-industrial

35、 purposes then the designer should take into account that these data are based on industrial experience. NOTE 2 Until specific data is available for approach speeds for children, this standard uses adult speeds and lower detection factors, where relevant, to calculate the distances tha

36、t could be within the reach of children. 1.6 This standard does not apply to protective equipment which is intended to be moved, without tools, nearer to the danger zone than the calculated distance, . pendant two-hand control devices. 1.7 The minimum distances derived from this

37、standard do not apply to protective equipment used to detect the presence of persons within an area already protected by a guard or electro-sensitive protective equipment. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publicatio

38、ns. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision

39、. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery D Basic concepts, general principles for design D Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2, Safety of machinery D Basic concepts, general principles for design D

40、Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery D Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. EN 574, Safety of machinery D Two-hand control devices D Functional aspects, principles for design. EN 1050, Safety of machinery

41、D Principles for risk assessment. EN 61496-1:1997, Safety of machinery D Electro-sensitive protective equipment D Part 1: General requirements and tests. (IEC 61496-1:1997) 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. Other definitions are give

42、n in EN 292-1 and EN 292-2. actuation (of protective equipment) physical initiation of the protective equipment when it detects movement of the body or a part of the body overall system stopping performance time or travel occurring from the actuation of the sensing function to the

43、 cessation of hazardous motion, or to the machine assuming a safe condition [based on 0 of EN 61496-1:1997] The overall system stopping performance comprises a minimum of two phases: T = t1 + t2 where T is the overall system stopping performance; t1 is the maximum time betwee

44、n the actuation of the sensing function and the output signal switching devices being in the off state; t2 is the maximum response time of the machine, i.e. the time required to stop the machine or remove the risks after receiving the output signal from the protective equipment. t2 is in

45、fluenced by various factors, . temperature, switching time of valves, ageing of components. The relationship of t1 and t2 is given in Figure 1. t1 and t2 are functions of the protective equipment and the machine respectively, and are determined by design and measurement. a) Act

46、uating of protective equipment b) Operation of protective equipment c) Elimination of risk Figure 1 D Relationship between t1 and t2  detection capability the sensing function parameter limit specified by the supplier that will cause actuation of the electro-sensitive protective equ

47、ipment (ESPE) [3.4 of EN 61496-1:1997] NOTE Symbol d is used throughout the standard. electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) an assembly of devices and/or components, working together for protective tripping or presence-sensing purposes and comprising as a minimum: D a sensi

48、ng device; D controling/monitoring devices; D output signal switching devices [3.1 of EN 61496-1:1997] 4 Methodology Figure 2 provides a schematic representation of the methodology for determining the correct position of sensing or actuating devices of protective equipment using this stan

49、dard, which is as follows. a) Identify the hazards and assess the risks (see EN 292-1 and EN 1050). b) If a type C standard exists for the machine, select one of the specified types of protective equipment from that machine-specific standard, and then use the distance specified by that stan

50、dard. c) If there is no type C standard or if the type C standard does not specify any minimum distances, then use the formulae in this standard to calculate the minimum distance for the protective equipment selected. The selection of the appropriate type of protective equipment should be mad

51、e in accordance with the relevant type A and type B standards. d) Incorporate the distance in the machine design. e) Ensure the device has been installed in such a manner that access to the danger zone will not be possible without detection by the device. f) Check if the determined posit

52、ion will allow persons to be between the sensing devices of the protective equipment and the danger zone without being detected. In this case supplementary measures may be required depending on the risk.

53、 Figure 2 D Schematic of methodology 5 General formula for the calculation of minimum distances The minimum distance from the danger zone shall be calculated by using the general formula (1). S = KT + C (1) where S is

54、 the minimum distance in millimetres, from the danger zone to the detection point, line, plane or zone; K is a parameter in millimetres per second, derived from data on approach speeds of the body or parts of the body (see also annex B); T is the overall system stopping performance in

55、seconds (see ); C is an additional distance in millimetres, based on intrusion towards the danger zone prior to actuation of the protective equipment. For worked examples see annex A. 6 Calculation of minimum distances for electro-sensitive protective equipment employing active opto-ele

56、ctronic protective devices Users of this standard shall select and use electro-sensitive protective equipment for a machine in accordance with the appropriate type C standard for that particular machine. If no type C standard exists, they shall undertake a risk assessment according to EN 1050.

57、 This clause considers three main applications based on the direction of approach to the detection zone1): D normal approach (see Figure 3); D parallel approach (see Figure 4); D angled approach (see Figure 5). Where it is foreseeable that any gaps adjacent to or within the detection zone of

58、the electro-sensitive protective equipment will allow access to the danger zone then this should be taken into account in the correct positioning of the protective equipment and additional safeguards considered. Access to the danger zone by reaching over or round the electro-sensitive protect

59、ive equipment, together with any other protective equipment and additional safeguards, shall be prevented. 6.1 Direction of approach normal to the detection zone 6.1.1 Electro-sensitive protective equipment employing active opto-electronic protective devices with a maximum detection capabilit

60、y of 40 mm diameter The minimum distance from the detection zone to the danger zone shall not be less than that calculated using formula (2). S = KT + C (see clause 5) (1) where K = 2 000 mm/s; C = 8(d 2 14 mm), but not less than 0; d is the detection capability of the device, in m

61、illimetres. i.e.: S = (2 000 mm/s 3 T) + 8(d 2 14 mm) (2) This formula applies for all minimum distances of S up to and including 500 mm. The minimum value of S shall not be less than 100 mm. If S is found to be greater than 500 mm using formula (2), then formula (3) can be used. In

62、this case the minimum value of S shall not be less than 500 mm. S = KT + C (see clause 5) (1) where K = 1 600 mm/s; C = 8(d 2 14 mm), but not less than 0. i.e.: S = (1 600 mm/s 3T) + 8(d 2 14 mm) (3) Where it is foreseeable that electro-sensitive protective equipment employing acti

63、ve opto-electronic protective devices will be used in non-industrial applications, . in the presence of children, the minimum distance S calculated with formula (2) shall be increased by at least 75 mm. It shall be noted that in such cases formula (3) is not applicable. 6.1.2 Electro-sensi

64、tive protective equipment employing active opto-electronic protective devices used for reinitiation of machine operation Electro-sensitive protective equipment employing active opto-electronic protective devices used for reinitiation of machine operation shall have a detection capability equal t

65、o or less than 30 mm, formula (2) (see ) shall apply, and the minimum distance S shall be greater than 150 mm. If the detection capability is equal to or less than 14 mm, formula (2) shall apply, and the minimum distance S shall be greater than 100 mm. NOTE 1 Conditions for using electr

66、o-sensitive protective equipment in the reinitiation of machine operation are given in EN 292-1 and EN 292-22) and relevant type C standards. NOTE 2 Additional requirements for electro-sensitive protective equipment are given in EN 61496-1. 1) Definition see EN 61496-1. 2) These requirements are under preparation and will be contained in the revision of EN 292-1 and EN 292-2. a) b) S) Minimum distance 1) Danger zone 2)