高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)題組訓(xùn)練 專題3 名詞和主謂一致1
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專題3 名詞和主謂一致 1.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 1.honest→honesty 句意:我叔叔告訴我他成功的關(guān)鍵就是“誠(chéng)實(shí)”。此處是指“誠(chéng)實(shí)”是他成功的關(guān)鍵,應(yīng)用名詞形式。 2.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 2.knowledges→knowledge 句意:如果我們出國(guó)旅游,我們就能拓寬視野并學(xué)到書(shū)本上學(xué)不到的知識(shí)。knowledge“知識(shí)”為不可數(shù)名詞,無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 3.year→years 句意:13到19歲的青春期是我最艱難的一段時(shí)光。根據(jù)句中的13 to 19 were可知,year應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4.(2016四川)Mom has a fulltime job,but she has to do most of the houseworks. 4.houseworks→housework 句意:媽媽有一份全職工作,但還是要做大部分的家務(wù)。housework為不可數(shù)名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5.(2015新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 5.a(chǎn)irs→air 句意:我們呼吸的空氣越來(lái)越臟。air為不可數(shù)名詞,不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 6.(2015新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent...he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 6.parent→parents 句意:一天,小托尼跟父母親去購(gòu)物中心……由下文的“...he turned around and found that his parents were missing.”可知,是父母兩個(gè)人,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7.(2015浙江)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass. 7.side→sides 句意:我原來(lái)的教室很有趣,有三面墻是用玻璃做的。根據(jù)前面的three可知,此處side應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8.(2015四川)As I told you last time,I made three new friend here. 8.friend→friends 句意:正如我上次跟你說(shuō)的,我在這兒交了三個(gè)新朋友。名詞friend為可數(shù)名詞,其前有three修飾,需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 9.(2014新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)...since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please. 9.year→years 句意:……從那時(shí)起,這些年來(lái),我們讓圣女果在它們喜歡的地方自我生長(zhǎng)。these提示year是可數(shù)名詞,須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10.(2014浙江)A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket...Yet,they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. 10.strangers→stranger 句意:然而,他們迅速地給陌生人提供了幫助。本句中的陌生人就是指那張票的主人,是一個(gè)人,應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 11.(2014四川)Stay close to your teacher and classmate. 11.classmate→classmates 句意:靠近老師和同學(xué)們待著。從文章意思可知,此處表達(dá)同班同學(xué)應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,61)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top ________(attract). 1.a(chǎn)ttraction 句意:但是對(duì)于像我一樣的游客來(lái)說(shuō),大熊貓是最大的吸引。形容詞top“頭等的;最重要的”后面跟名詞形式。 2.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed... 2.days 句意:護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)每隔幾天就把他和他的妹妹互換一下,這樣當(dāng)他們中的一個(gè)在被人工喂養(yǎng)的時(shí)候……。every few days“每隔幾天”。 3.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,42)Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of ________(achieve). 3.a(chǎn)chievement 句意:然后,首先處理最重要的任務(wù),那么你會(huì)感到真正意義上的成就。介詞of后應(yīng)用名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 4.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 4.studies 句意:最近的研究顯示如果我們有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行短暫的休息的話,我們工作的效率會(huì)更高。study“研究”為可數(shù)名詞,本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為show,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)studies。 5.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅲ,68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks. 5.development 句意:一些人認(rèn)為大約生活于公元前551年到479年間的中國(guó)偉大學(xué)者孔子影響了筷子的發(fā)展。根據(jù)空格前面的the可知,所填詞應(yīng)用名詞形式。 6.(2016四川,65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. 6.enemies 句意:任何氣味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊貓寶寶的敵人。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,此處表示“吸引了自然界中的敵人”,故填可數(shù)名詞enemy的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7.(2016浙江,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late ________(pay)may affect your credit. 7.payments 句意:準(zhǔn)時(shí)付電費(fèi)很重要,因?yàn)橹Ц锻砹藭?huì)影響你的信用。前面有形容詞late修飾,此處應(yīng)用名詞形式,payment可用作可數(shù)名詞,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8.(2016浙江,8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite,rather than divide us. 8.differences 句意:當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)“求同存異”,而不是“分崩離析”的時(shí)候,我們就能獲得很多。物主代詞our后面接名詞,這里是指“我們的差異”,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 9.(2015新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,65)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________(painting). 9.paintings 句意:我略過(guò)了對(duì)附近桂林的參觀。桂林是一個(gè)游客們尋找石灰?guī)r山頂和漓江深水的理想地點(diǎn)。畫(huà)家們?cè)谠S許多多的中國(guó)畫(huà)中畫(huà)過(guò)它。因?yàn)樵撛~由many修飾,所以這里使用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10.(2015新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,43)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________(able)to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 10.a(chǎn)bility 句意:除了它們的樸素美之外,這種土坯房令人羨慕的是它們不用電力設(shè)備就能給房間制冷的能力。根據(jù)前面的形容詞性物主代詞their可知后面應(yīng)用名詞,故應(yīng)用able的名詞形式ability。 11.(2015江蘇,32)Some schools will have to make ________(adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform. 11.a(chǎn)djustments 句意:為了與國(guó)家的足球改革保持一致,一些學(xué)校不得不進(jìn)行調(diào)整。make adjustments是固定搭配,意為“進(jìn)行調(diào)整”。 12.(2014新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,69)...for most of us the ________(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. 12.changes 句意:……對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),這些變化很緩慢,而且就像清理被污染的河流,需要很多努力和工作。所填詞作主語(yǔ),其前是定冠詞,所以應(yīng)為名詞;根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 13.(2014遼寧,70)...Ill stop and take a deep ________. 13.breath 句意:……我要停下來(lái)深吸一口氣。take a deep breath“深呼吸”,是固定短語(yǔ)。 14.(2014浙江,6)We most prefer to say yes to the ________(request)of someone we know and like. 14.requests 句意:我們更愿意滿足自己熟悉且喜歡的人所提的要求。根據(jù)前面的定冠詞判斷,本空需要用名詞形式;request作“要求”講是可數(shù)名詞,此處是泛指,所以用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 15.(2014湖北,21)Her ________(motivate)for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. 15.motivation 句意:她寫(xiě)作的動(dòng)機(jī)是她渴望為婦女爭(zhēng)取到接受高等教育的權(quán)利??崭袂坝行稳菰~性物主代詞修飾,所以空格應(yīng)填名詞形式;再根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞was可知,用單數(shù)形式。 16.(2014天津,9)My parents always attach great ________(important)to my getting a good education. 16.importance 句意:父母一直很重視讓我接受好的教育。attach importance to“認(rèn)為……很重要;重視”。 17.(2013湖北,28)He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle.Instead,he made a generous________(contribute)to help the community. 17.contribution 句意:他不自私,沒(méi)有把叔叔留給他的錢(qián)獨(dú)自占有,而是慷慨地捐獻(xiàn)出來(lái)幫助社區(qū)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格前是不定冠詞和形容詞,所以要用名詞單數(shù)形式。 18.(2013湖北,11)I felt proud to be spending my time productively,dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed________(describe)of my travels. 18.description 句意:我感到無(wú)比自豪的是卓有成效地度過(guò)了我的歲月,忠實(shí)地為后代保存一份關(guān)于旅途詳情的記錄。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格前有不定冠詞和形容詞detailed,所以要用名詞單數(shù)形式。 19.(2012浙江,7)Your ________(perform)as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. 19.performance 句意:如果你養(yǎng)成反思自己學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣,作為學(xué)生你的表現(xiàn)將會(huì)非常出色。有形容詞性物主代詞修飾,要用perform的名詞形式performance。 20.(2012山東,24)My first ________(impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 20.impression 句意:我對(duì)他的第一印象是,他是一個(gè)和藹、體貼的年輕人。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格前面有物主代詞my和序數(shù)詞first修飾,所以此處要用impress的名詞形式impression。 短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)名詞的考查主要通過(guò)對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及修飾語(yǔ)的理解考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。設(shè)題主要有三種形式:一是復(fù)數(shù)名詞誤用單數(shù)形式;二是不可數(shù)名詞誤用復(fù)數(shù)形式;三是復(fù)數(shù)形式錯(cuò)誤。為此,考生可從以下三方面入手: 1.查看名詞前面的修飾語(yǔ),確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式。若有超過(guò)1的基數(shù)詞,many,(a)few,several,couple等修飾,后面的名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2.查看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式,確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式。若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為are,were,have等,主語(yǔ)名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3.查看名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,確定復(fù)數(shù)形式是否正確。特別注意不規(guī)則的變化情況。 (2015陜西)Mum taught me some basic step of baking. 【解析】 step→steps 句意:媽媽教我一些基本的烘焙的步驟。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知step是名詞;根據(jù)前面的some可知step用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2014遼寧)Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. 【解析】 time→times 句意:我們就Cleo清晨的亂吠打過(guò)幾次電話。本句中的time表示“次數(shù)”,是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞;根據(jù)前面的several可知,time須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1.查看句子結(jié)構(gòu)。弄清楚所填的詞在句子中充當(dāng)什么成分。如果充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)必須用名詞形式;充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等時(shí)則應(yīng)認(rèn)真考慮。 2.查看修飾語(yǔ)。一是通過(guò)觀察空格前是否有冠詞、物主代詞、形容詞、指示代詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞等分析所填詞是否是名詞;二是考慮固定短語(yǔ)或固定搭配。 3.確定名詞形式。根據(jù)句子中的提示詞考慮詞形變化,即名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式變化、所有格等。 (2015江蘇,35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave. —Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my ________(apologize). 【解析】 apologies 句意:——去向你的母親道歉,戴夫。——我想去,但是我怕她對(duì)我的道歉不滿意。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里需要一個(gè)名詞作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)。又因?yàn)閍pology是可數(shù)名詞,所以這里用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2014安徽,29)—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? —Thats a good ________(suggest). 【解析】 suggestion 句意:——如果沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)買新車,何不買輛二手的?——那是個(gè)好提議。作表語(yǔ),前面又有a good修飾,所以應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式suggestion。 1.(2016安徽合肥八中第一次段考)The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you right to the Friendship Hotel. 1.minute→minutes 句意:機(jī)場(chǎng)班車每30分鐘一趟,會(huì)將你直接帶到友誼賓館。minute前面有數(shù)詞30修飾,minute須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2.(2016安徽示范性高中第二次聯(lián)考)First,we should adopt a positive attitude towards fail. 2.fail→failure 句意:首先,對(duì)于失敗,我們應(yīng)該采取積極的態(tài)度。根據(jù)介詞towards可知,后面須用名詞。 3.(2016四川成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校月考)He gave me all the encouragements I needed to be able to carry on. 3.encouragements→encouragement 句意:他給了我能繼續(xù)下去所需要的鼓勵(lì)。encouragement是不可數(shù)名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4.(2016湖南衡陽(yáng)八中二模)We should not be slave of money. 4.slave→slaves 句意:我們不應(yīng)該成為金錢(qián)的奴隸。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)we可知,表語(yǔ)須用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 1.(2016四川成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校月考)Dont wait for an ________ (apologize).“Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing,” says Dr.Luskin. 1.a(chǎn)pology 句意:不要等待道歉。拉斯科說(shuō):“多次傷害你的人也許從來(lái)就不會(huì)考慮道歉。”不定冠詞an后須用名詞形式,根據(jù)apologize可知答案填apology。 2.(2016安徽合肥市八中第一次段考)Like many popular restaurants in Paris,________(reserve)are hard to get at Dave,so I wasnt surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door. 2.reservations 句意:就像巴黎許多受歡迎的餐館一樣,在Dave也很難預(yù)訂,因此當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)紅色的門(mén)上掛著客人已滿的招牌時(shí)并不驚訝。根據(jù)括號(hào)中的提示詞及后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are可知,主語(yǔ)為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填reservations。 3.(2016福建福州十三中高三期中)He pushed and pulled with all his ________(strong)to move it. 3.strength 句意:他用力地推拉將它(石頭)移走。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,with后面接名詞,故填strength。 4.(2016湖南衡陽(yáng)八中二模)He asked ________(permit)to introduce his friend,whose name was Mr Wickham,and who had apparently arrived recently from London. 4.permission 句意:他請(qǐng)求允許介紹他的朋友,他的朋友威克姆先生,顯然是最近從倫敦來(lái)的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處動(dòng)詞ask后面須用名詞,故填permission。 5.(2016江西南昌高三聯(lián)考)Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of ________(adolescent). 5.a(chǎn)dolescents 句意:專家們希望全社會(huì)都來(lái)關(guān)心青少年的心理健康。根據(jù)句意可知,此處泛指“青少年”,用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指,故填adolescents。 6.(2016山東臨沭一中高三第一次月考)Girls are luckier than boys;they have more flexible ________(choose)than boys. 6.choices 句意:女孩比男孩要幸運(yùn)些,她們比男孩有更靈活的選擇。前面flexible是形容詞,后面須接名詞;choice此處應(yīng)為可數(shù)名詞,意味著多種選擇,故填choices。 7.(2016山東臨沭一中高三第一次月考)I have a strong ________(believe)that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets,too. 7.belief 句意:我堅(jiān)信有朝一日中國(guó)學(xué)生也會(huì)購(gòu)買這些票。空白處前面有a strong修飾,說(shuō)明空白處須填可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。 8.(2015廣西柳州、欽州、北海高三1月模擬)So I asked her why she sat there in ________(silent). 8.silence 句意:因此我問(wèn)她為什么坐在那里沉默不語(yǔ)。in silence“沉默”,是固定用法。 9.(2015山東曲師大附中高三階段檢測(cè))About 20 percent of ________(baby)feel nervous when they see strangers. 9.babies 句意:約百分之二十的嬰兒見(jiàn)到陌生人會(huì)感到緊張。baby是可數(shù)名詞,前面有百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10.(2015江西九江高三一模)There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of ________(hour). 10.hours 句意:當(dāng)我給他打電話,如果他沒(méi)接的話,他都會(huì)在幾小時(shí)內(nèi)回電話??蓴?shù)名詞hour前有a couple of修飾,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1.(2014廣西)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other. 1.mean→means 句意:兩位朋友之間的理解意味著兩個(gè)人有相同的想法及相互信任。本句的主語(yǔ)是the understanding,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用單數(shù)形式。 2.(2014遼寧)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. 2.have→has 句意:由于我們夜晚常要照顧小孩,因此清晨的狗叫一直在打擾著我們。本句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)the early morning barking,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用單數(shù)形式。 3.(2014陜西)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky. 3.was→were 句意:突然,許許多多的箭從天上朝我們飛來(lái)。本句的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞arrows,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式were。 1.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,43)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________(be)often acceptable. 1.is 句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主語(yǔ),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 2.(2016新課標(biāo)Ⅲ,69)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________(be)too violent for use at the table. 2.were 句意:孔子認(rèn)為刀會(huì)給人們殺戮的提醒,用在餐桌上太暴力。主語(yǔ)是knives,講述的是過(guò)去的事情,所以用were。 3.(2015新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,67)Yangshuo ________(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 3.is 句意:陽(yáng)朔很漂亮……根據(jù)后文的時(shí)態(tài)可知這里使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),又因?yàn)閅angshuo是單數(shù)名詞,所以這里用is。 4.(2015湖南,27)It is important to remember that success ________(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________(take)years to achieve. 4.is;takes 句意:重要的是要記住,成功是每天做出的小努力的積累而且花很多年才能達(dá)到。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)success是單數(shù),由句首的is可知是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)合起來(lái)用is和takes。 5.(2014遼寧,66)Jonny: Be patient!Tai Chi ________(call)“shadow boxing” in English. 5.is called 句意:忍耐一下!英語(yǔ)中,太極被叫做“shadow boxing”。根據(jù)句意可知空白處須填被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);而主語(yǔ)Tai Chi為第三人稱單數(shù),故填is called。 6.(2014新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,61)In 1969,the pollution was terrible...It ________(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 6.was 句意:……把這條河清理干凈是不可想象的事情。根據(jù)本段第一句“In 1969,the pollution was terrible...”可知本段指事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式;而主語(yǔ)是It,為第三人稱單數(shù),故填was。 7.(2013湖南,33)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________(be)around $8,450 a year,which ________(be)a burden for some of them. 7.a(chǎn)re;is 句意:這所大學(xué)估計(jì),一個(gè)外國(guó)留學(xué)生的生活費(fèi)用每年大約8 450美元,這對(duì)他們中的一些人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)很大的負(fù)擔(dān)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第一空的主語(yǔ)living expenses是復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),而后面是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which指代前面提到的錢(qián)數(shù),故第二空謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 8.(2013福建,23)The famous musician,as well as his students,________(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 8.was invited 句意:那個(gè)著名的音樂(lè)家,還有他的學(xué)生,被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)?012年的臺(tái)北花博會(huì)開(kāi)幕式上進(jìn)行表演。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式按主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,又結(jié)合句意可知,這里應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且句子為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 9.(2012陜西,12)The basketball coach,as well as his team,________(interview)shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. 9.was interviewed 句意:比賽后不久,因?yàn)楸憩F(xiàn)出色,這位籃球教練以及他的隊(duì)員接受了采訪。主語(yǔ)后有短語(yǔ)as well as時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不受短語(yǔ)的影響,仍與主語(yǔ)保持一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)after the match...可知,事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以用過(guò)去式。 10.(2012湖南,35)All the scientific evidence ________(show)that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________(be)damaging our health. 10.shows;is 句意:所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明,在農(nóng)業(yè)中不斷增加使用的化學(xué)藥品正在危害著我們的健康。第一空前是不可數(shù)名詞(all the scientific evidence)作主語(yǔ),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;第二空所在的that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)是名詞use,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 短文改錯(cuò)和語(yǔ)法填空中,解決主謂一致問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)作主語(yǔ)部分的中心詞,從而確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。在此應(yīng)特別注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題: 1.主語(yǔ)后帶有as well as,rather than,together with等詞或短語(yǔ)的成分時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須由前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)確定。 2.形單意復(fù)的集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),須根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意義確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。 3.形復(fù)意單的名詞,如學(xué)科名詞、數(shù)詞或時(shí)間段等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 4.the+adj.作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若指人謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式,若指物則用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 5.主語(yǔ)前有every,each,many a,more than one修飾名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;neither...nor...,not only...but also...,either...or...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式按就近原則處理。 6.從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí),此時(shí)一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,但是what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式需從意義上判斷。 7.在倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后,因此其形式須由后面的主語(yǔ)確定。 8.a(chǎn)nd連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果兩個(gè)名詞表示不同的人或物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);若表示同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。 (2014四川)Today,I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off. 【解析】 go→goes 句意:今天,我將講一講當(dāng)聽(tīng)到火警時(shí),你們?cè)撛趺崔k。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)a fire alarm為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式goes。 (2014湖南,32) All we need ________(be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 【解析】 is 句意:我們需要的是一小片土地,以便在每年的種植季節(jié)栽種各種各樣的果樹(shù)。作主語(yǔ)的不定代詞all指“我們所需要的東西”,即a small piece of land,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;再由從句時(shí)態(tài)判斷,本空填is。 1.(2016浙江金麗衢十二校高三第一次聯(lián)考)She took the lift to the eleventh floor,and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was. 1.was→were 句意:她乘電梯到十一樓,秘書(shū)指給她看她的辦公桌及電腦所在地。在where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)是desk 和 computer,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2.(2016甘肅蘭州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language,mostly English,from Day One of their compulsory education. 2.learn→learns 句意:每個(gè)學(xué)生從義務(wù)教育第一天起就學(xué)一門(mén)外語(yǔ),主要是英語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是each student,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人單數(shù)形式。 3.(2016長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class. 3.know→knows 句意:你是我們班上最體貼的人,很了解我需要的東西。know是定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其形式由先行詞person確定。由于person是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 4.(2016浙江嘉興一中高三上學(xué)期能力測(cè)試)He get easily frustrated when they play with his favorite toy cars... 4.get→gets 句意:當(dāng)他們玩他最喜歡的玩具車時(shí)他很容易變得很沮喪……由于主語(yǔ)是He,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 5.(2016福建福州十三中期中考試)About one thousand graduates took exams for it,but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. 5.第一個(gè)was→were 句意:大約一千名畢業(yè)生參加了考試,但是只挑選了幾個(gè)人,而我就是被選上的人之一。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)only a few可知,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1.(2016湖南株洲高三質(zhì)量統(tǒng)一檢測(cè))She also seemed to know when people ________(be)upset and.... 1.were 句意:她似乎也知道人們什么時(shí)候煩躁不安……在when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)是people,結(jié)合主句的時(shí)態(tài)可知,此處be須用were。 2.(2016安徽示范性高中第二次聯(lián)考)Sports clubs often ________ (competition)with other colleges and sometimes with community groups. 2.compete 句意:體育俱樂(lè)部經(jīng)常與其他大學(xué)進(jìn)行競(jìng)賽,有時(shí)也與社區(qū)隊(duì)進(jìn)行競(jìng)賽。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ);再根據(jù)主語(yǔ)sports clubs可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3.(2016安徽示范性高中第二次聯(lián)考)The one drawback to club sports ________(be)that colleges often dont fund them. 3.is 句意:俱樂(lè)部體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的不足之處就是大學(xué)常常不提供資金幫助。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)The one drawback可知,句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,由后面的dont可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 4.(2015河南洛陽(yáng)第一次統(tǒng)考)I cant remember her face now but recalling the incident ________(make)me happy. 4.makes 句意:我現(xiàn)在記不起她的臉了,但是回顧那次事件讓我很高興。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)recalling the incident作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 5.(2014河北邢臺(tái)二中、臨城中學(xué)等七校期末聯(lián)考)Saving money _______ _(be)what you need to start several months before you move out. 5.is 句意:在你搬出去之前的幾個(gè)月,省錢(qián)就是你要開(kāi)始做的事情了。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)saving money作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 6.(2014河北唐山一中高三上期中)I was paid nine dollars an hour,which ________(be)three dollars more than the school post office paid us. 6.was 句意:我每小時(shí)賺九美元,這比學(xué)校郵局支付我們的要多三美元。定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which指代nine dollars;表示錢(qián)數(shù)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)判斷此空填was。 7.(2014黑龍江哈六中高三期中考試)But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that ________(threat)the only home they know. 7.threats 句意:但是熊們對(duì)威脅到它們所知的唯一的家的危險(xiǎn)沒(méi)有任何準(zhǔn)備。作定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that指的是先行詞danger,故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);由主語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)判斷填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)單數(shù)第三人稱形式。 8.(2014山西太原高三英語(yǔ)第三次診斷考試)We all got excited when someone spotted an Australian tailed eagle,which ________(be)the symbol of the AustralianPacific railway. 8.is 句意:當(dāng)有人發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞尾雕的時(shí)候我們變得興奮起來(lái),它是澳太鐵路的象征。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which指代Australian tailed eagle,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);從句所講的內(nèi)容是事實(shí),句子應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填is。 9.(2014陜西西安第一次???Nowadays signs prohibiting smoking ________(be)a common sight in restaurants,tea houses and shopping malls. 9.a(chǎn)re 句意:如今禁止吸煙標(biāo)志在餐館、茶館和購(gòu)物中心到處可見(jiàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里的主語(yǔ)是signs,再結(jié)合上下文的句意可知,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 10.(2014湖南懷化高三模擬考試) A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents ________(be)nearly 320,000 in Beijing. 10.is 句意:最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,在北京隨父母從農(nóng)村進(jìn)城的孩子接近320 000人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是the number,且句子為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),所以填is。 11.(2014湖南十三校高三聯(lián)考)Our school along with many other brother middle schools ________(be)to take another joint test next month. 11.is 句意:我們學(xué)校下月將和很多兄弟學(xué)校進(jìn)行聯(lián)考。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子主語(yǔ)是our school,它后面的along with短語(yǔ)不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而且由next month可知這里應(yīng)該是be to do結(jié)構(gòu),表示計(jì)劃或安排好的將來(lái)。 12.(2014湖南四大名校3月聯(lián)考)They say that the football team as well as the coach________(invite)to the TV show to talk about their experiences during the past few years. 12.have been invited 句意:他們說(shuō)足球隊(duì)員們以及教練已受邀參加電視節(jié)目來(lái)談?wù)勊麄冞^(guò)去幾年的經(jīng)歷。that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是the football team,其后雖有as well as...短語(yǔ),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受其影響,仍與主語(yǔ)一致。集體名詞the football team在此側(cè)重成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義;由語(yǔ)境可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)”受邀,而且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填have been invited。 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 情況 方法 例詞 一般情況 加s students,teachers,doctors,tables 以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾 加es glasses,dishes,boxes,watches 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾 變y為i,再加es families,babies, armies,bodies 以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾 加s boys,toys 以f或fe結(jié)尾 大都變f或fe為v,再加es thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives 少數(shù)加s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs 以o結(jié)尾 通常加s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos 有的加es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes 合成名詞 把中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) passersby,storytellers,housewives 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞 clothes衣服 glasses眼鏡 chopsticks筷子 trousers褲子 goods商品;貨物 contents目錄 sands沙灘 woods森林;樹(shù)林 times時(shí)代 lines臺(tái)詞 surroundings環(huán)境 belongings財(cái)產(chǎn) earnings收入 arms武器 manners禮貌 forces軍隊(duì) 有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞 people fish 集體名詞的數(shù) (1)只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞 people人,人們 police警察 cattle牛 (2)側(cè)重成員時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,側(cè)重個(gè)體時(shí)表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞 這類集體名詞側(cè)重于成員時(shí),表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,不再變復(fù)數(shù)形式;側(cè)重整體時(shí)表示單數(shù)意義,表示多個(gè)這樣的整體時(shí)有復(fù)數(shù)變化形式。 class班級(jí) family家庭 team隊(duì) public大眾 army軍隊(duì) government政府 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 sheep 綿羊 deer 鹿 works 工廠 means 方式 名詞的數(shù)量修飾語(yǔ) (1)只修飾可數(shù)名詞 many few several many a(后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)) a number of quite a few (2)只修飾不可數(shù)名詞 a little much a bit of a great deal of a large amount of (3)修飾可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞均可 some any enough plenty of a lot of a mass of quantities of most all 名詞所有格 (1)s所有格 表示人或其他有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加s或,表示所有關(guān)系。 a mans shirt一件男士的襯衫 my sisters telephone number 我姐姐的電話號(hào)碼 ①表示兩者或多者各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),分別在每個(gè)名詞的詞尾加s或;表示兩者或多者共有時(shí),在最后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加s或。 Toms and Jims father 湯姆的父親和吉姆的父親 Tom and Jims father 湯姆和吉姆的父親 ②表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。 at the barbers 在理發(fā)店 at the teachers在老師辦公室 at my uncles在我叔叔家 ③一些表示具體的時(shí)間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)等的名詞也常用s所有格。 ten minutes break十分鐘的休息 a stones throw一箭之地 Londons water system 倫敦的供水系統(tǒng) (2)of所有格 表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系;名詞短語(yǔ)或有定語(yǔ)修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。 the title of the song 歌的名字 the window of the room房間的窗戶 the life of the poor窮人的生活 the name of the boy standing there站在那兒的那個(gè)男孩的名字 (3)雙重所有格 構(gòu)成 名詞+of+s所有格/名詞性物主代詞 a friend of Jacks some friends of mine 用 法 表示部分概念,被修飾詞前通常有限定詞a(n),one,some,many等 Some friends of my sisters will join us in the game. 帶s所有格的名詞必須是明確限定的、指人的 a book of Marys of前的名詞是picture,photo,statue等用of所有格和雙重所有格時(shí)意義有區(qū)別。 名詞作定語(yǔ) 名詞作定語(yǔ)往往是說(shuō)明被修飾詞的材料、用途、類別等,作定語(yǔ)的名詞通常用單數(shù)。 gold chain金鏈子 coffee cup咖啡杯 mountain village山村 winter holiday寒假 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù);man和woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)被修飾詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化。 sports meeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) sales manager 銷售經(jīng)理 men doctors男醫(yī)生 women teachers女教師 構(gòu)詞法——名詞 名詞在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中很重要,在詞類中占的比例也很大,而且有些詞,如動(dòng)詞、形容詞等通過(guò)形式上的變化會(huì)成為名詞。下面是動(dòng)詞變名詞時(shí)主要的幾種后綴。 (1)后加(t)io- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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