新目標(biāo)人教版初中八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法匯總.doc

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新目標(biāo)人教版初中八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法匯總 1) leave的用法 1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地”。例如 When did you leave Shanghai?你什么時(shí)候離開上海的 2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”。例如 Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五愛麗斯要去倫敦了。 3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地去某地”。例如 Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你為什么要離開上海去北京 2) 情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會(huì)使用 should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等有“竟會(huì)”的意思 例如 How should I know? 我怎么知道 Why should you be so late today?你今天為什么來得這么晚 should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事例如 We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。 我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn) 1. 用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長(zhǎng)輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如 You should be here with clean hands. 你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來。 2. 用于提出意見勸導(dǎo)別人。例如 You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服你最好去看醫(yī)生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如 We should arrive by supper time. 我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅恕? She should be here any moment. 她隨時(shí)都可能來。 3) What...? 與 Which...? 1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞都可以指人或事物但是what僅用來詢問職業(yè)。如 What is your father? 你父親是干什么的 該句相當(dāng)于 What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人。如 ---Which is Peter? 哪個(gè)是皮特 ---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。 2. What...?是泛指所指的事物沒有范圍的限制而 Which...?是特指所指的事物有范圍的限制。如What color do you like best? 你最喜愛什么顏色 ( 所有顏色) Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜愛哪一種顏色(有特定的范圍) 3. what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如 Which pictures are from China? 哪些圖片來自中國(guó) 4) 頻度副詞的位置 1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些 always總是一直 usually通常 often常常經(jīng)常 sometimes有時(shí)候 never從不 2.頻度副詞的位置 a.放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。如 David is often arrives late for school. 大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。 b.放在行為動(dòng)詞前。如  We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天經(jīng)常在710去上學(xué)。 c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如 Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有時(shí)我步行回家有時(shí)我騎自行車。 3.never放在句首時(shí)主語、謂語動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如 Never have I been there. 5) every day 與 everyday 1. every day 作狀語譯為“每一天”。如 We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天710去上學(xué)。 I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語。 2. everyday 作定語譯為“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。 What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活動(dòng)是什么 6) 什么是助動(dòng)詞 1.協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞Auxiliary Verb。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~Main Verb。 助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義不可單獨(dú)使用例如 He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。 doesn't是助動(dòng)詞無詞義like是主要?jiǎng)釉~有詞義 2.助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用可以用來 a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)例如 He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已結(jié)婚。 b. 表示語態(tài)例如 He was sent to England. 他被派往英國(guó)。 c. 構(gòu)成疑問句例如 Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎 Did you study English before you came here? 你來這兒之前學(xué)過英語嗎 d. 與否定副詞not合用構(gòu)成否定句例如 I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。 e. 加強(qiáng)語氣例如 Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會(huì)。 He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。 3.最常用的助動(dòng)詞有be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do 1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做) The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還在亮著它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。( 已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來。(to come動(dòng)作未做) 典型例題 ---- The light in the office is still on. ---- OhI forgot___. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案C。 由the light is still on 可知燈亮著即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。 2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎? 8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)表示客觀形式的形容詞如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等 It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。 2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格品德表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我你真是太好了。 3.for 與of 的辨別方法 用介詞后面的代詞作主語用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of不通則用for。如 You are nice. (通順所以應(yīng)用of)。 He is hard. (人是困難的不通因此應(yīng)用for。) 9) 對(duì)兩個(gè)句子的提問 新目標(biāo)英語在命題中有將對(duì)句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢(shì)現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對(duì)一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行自由提問。例如 句子The boy in blue has three pens. 提問1.Who has three pens? 2.Which boy has three pens? 3.What does the boy in blue have? 4.How many pens does the boy in blue have? 很顯然學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如 句子He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday. 提問1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday? 5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday? 6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends? 10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用 1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如 He is so funny a boy. Jim has so big a house. 2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如 It is such a nice day. That was such an interesting story. 11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況 1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如 He is watching TV in the room. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night. 2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如 There is a boy swimming in the river. 3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如 We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain. 4.在介詞后面。如 Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball. 5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中 enjoy doing sth 樂于做某事 finish doing sth 完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 forget doing sth 忘記做過某事 go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 remember doing sth 記得做過某事 like doing sth 喜歡做某事 keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事 try doing sth 試圖做某事 need doing sth 需要做某事 prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 miss doing sth 錯(cuò)過做某事 12) 英語中的“單數(shù)” 1.主語的第三人稱單數(shù)形式即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如 he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle 2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如 man 單數(shù)---men復(fù)數(shù) banana單數(shù)---bananas復(fù)數(shù) 3.動(dòng)詞有原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式-ing分詞過去式過去分詞。如 go---goes---going---went---gone work---works---working---worked---worked watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候謂語動(dòng)詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如 The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself. 13) 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的幾種形式 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。 I 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如 pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers desk---desks tree---trees 2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結(jié)尾的名詞詞尾加-es。如 class---classes dish---dishes watch---watches box---boxes 3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞詞尾加-es。如 potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes Negro---Negroes hero---heroes 4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如 family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v再加-es。如 half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives self---selves wife---wives life---lives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves loaf---loaves 但是 scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs proof---proofs belief---beliefs II 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1.將-oo改為--ee。如foot---feet tooth---teeth 2.將-man改為-men。如man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen 3.添加詞尾。如child---children 4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish people---people 5.表示“某國(guó)人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變其它國(guó)把-s加后面”。如 Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen American---Americans Australian---Australians Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans Russian---Russians Indian---Indians 6.其它。如 mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers 14) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的-ing分詞 初中階段常見的有以下這些 1.let→letting 讓 hit→hitting 打、撞 cut→cutting 切、割 get→getting 取、得到 sit→sitting 坐 forget→forgetting 忘記 put→putting 放 set→setting 設(shè)置 babysit→babysitting 臨時(shí)受雇照顧嬰兒 2.shop→shopping 購物 trip→tripping 絆 stop→stopping 停止 drop→dropping 放棄 3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游 swim→swimming 游泳 run→running 跑步 dig→digging 挖、掘 begin→beginning 開始 prefer→preferring 寧愿 plan→planning 計(jì)劃 15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞 1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如 There are some birds in the tree. →There aren't any birds in the tree. 但是若在表示請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的句子中some可以不變。如 Would you like some orange juice? 與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。 2.and變?yōu)閛r。如  I have a knife and a ruler. →I don't have a knife or a ruler. 3.a lot of (=lots of)變?yōu)閙any或much。如 They have a lot of friends.可數(shù)名詞 →They don't have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.不可數(shù)名詞 →There isn't much orange in the bottle. 4.already變?yōu)閥et。如 I have been there already. →I haven't been there yet. 16) in與after in 與 after 都可以表示時(shí)間但二者有所區(qū)別。 1.in 經(jīng)常用于將來時(shí)的句子中以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)表示將來一段時(shí)間。如 He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他會(huì)動(dòng)身去北京。 2.after 經(jīng)常用于過去時(shí)的句子中以過去為起點(diǎn)表示過去一段時(shí)間。如 He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他動(dòng)身去了北京。 不過如果after后跟的是具體的時(shí)刻它也可用于將來時(shí)。如 We will finish the work after ten o'clock. 十點(diǎn)后我們會(huì)完成工作的。 3.注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。 I'll visit him in a week. 一周后我會(huì)去拜訪他。 I'll visit him twice in a week. 一周內(nèi)我會(huì)去拜訪他兩次。 17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用 1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如 There is a "b" in the word "book". 單詞book中有個(gè)字母b。 類似的字母還有c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。 She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。 2.an 用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。如 There is an "i" in the word "onion". 單詞onion中有個(gè)字母i。 類似的字母還有a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。 Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨傘嗎 3.以元音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如a useful book a universe a one-letter word an hour an uncle an umbrella an honest person 18) 如何表達(dá)英語中的“穿、戴” 英語中表示“穿、戴”的表達(dá)方法有好幾種常見的有以下這些 1、put on 主要表達(dá)“穿”的動(dòng)作。如 He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。 You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。 2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。如 The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。 The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。 3、dress 可作及物動(dòng)詞有“給......穿衣”的意思后接“人”而不是“衣服”。如 Please dress the children right now.請(qǐng)立即給孩子們穿上衣服。 dress 也可作不及物動(dòng)詞表示衣著的習(xí)慣。如 The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。 4、be in 表示穿著的狀態(tài)。如 John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。 The man in black is a football coach. 19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of) a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區(qū)別在哪里呢 1. a little 意為“一些、少量”后接不可數(shù)名詞。如 There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。 還可以接形容詞。如 He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。 2. a few 意為“一些、少數(shù)”后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。如 There are a few people in the room. 房間里有一些人。 3. a bit 意為“一點(diǎn)兒”后接形容詞。如 It's a bit cold. 有點(diǎn)冷。 a bit of 后接不可數(shù)名詞。如 He has a bit of money. 他有一點(diǎn)兒錢。 4. a little 表肯定意義little 表否定意義a few 表肯定意義few 表否定意義。如 There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一點(diǎn)兒汽水。 There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。 I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中國(guó)朋友。 Few people like him. 幾乎沒有人喜歡他。 5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可數(shù)名詞 a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容詞意為“有點(diǎn)兒”。 20) 關(guān)于like的用法 like 可以作動(dòng)詞也可以作介詞。 1、like 作動(dòng)詞表示一般性的“愛好、喜歡”有泛指的含義。如 Do you like the color?你喜愛這種顏色嗎 like 后可接不定式like to do sth也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing分詞 like doing sth有時(shí)意思不盡相同。如 She likes eating apples.她喜愛吃蘋果。習(xí)慣 She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛吃一粒蘋果。平常不喜歡吃 like 與 would 連用后接不定式表示愿望或客氣的請(qǐng)求。如 Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶嗎 “喜歡某人做某事”可以用結(jié)構(gòu)“l(fā)ike sb to do sth/doing sth”。如 They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。 2、like 作介詞可譯成“像......”。如 She is friendly to us like a mother.她對(duì)我們友好就像母親一樣。 It looks like an orange.它看起來像個(gè)桔子。 3、區(qū)分以下句子 A. What does he look like? B. What is he like? A句譯為“他長(zhǎng)相如何”指一個(gè)人的外貌特征而B句譯為“他人怎么樣”指人的性格特點(diǎn)。 C. The boy like Peter is over there. D. A boy like Peter can't do it. A句指外貌相似而D句指性格相似。 21) stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth 1. stop to do sth 意為“停下來去做某事”。如 The students stop to listen to their teacher. 學(xué)生們停下來去聽他們老師講話。 2. stop doing sth 意為“停止做某事”。如 The students stopped talking. 學(xué)生們停止了談話。 與它們相反的句式是 go on to do sth “繼續(xù)做某事與剛才一事不同”和 go on doing sth “繼續(xù)做某事與剛才同一件事”。如 He finishes his homework and goes on to study English. 他完成了作業(yè)接著繼續(xù)去念英語。 They went on playing games. 他們繼續(xù)玩游戲。 22) tell, speak, say 與 talk 1. tell 意為“告訴、講述”指某人把某一件事、一條信息傳送給別人或講述一件事。如 He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告訴我說他想成為一位教師。 Father always tells interesting stories to us. 爸爸總是給我們講有趣的故事。 tell sb sth 意為“告知某人某事”。如 He told me something about his past. 他告訴我一些他的往事。 tell sb to do sth 意為“告訴某人去做某事”。如 David told his son to do the homework. 大衛(wèi)要他的兒子去做作業(yè)。 2. speak 意為“說話、講話”后面主要接語言。如 He can speak English and a little Chinese. 他能講英語和一點(diǎn)漢語。 speak to 意為“和.....講話、談話”。如 Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和張先生講話嗎 speak of 意為“提到、說起”。如 The book speaks of my hometown. 那本書提到我的家鄉(xiāng)。 3. talk 意為“談話、講話”如果只有一方對(duì)另一方說話時(shí)一般用 talk to如果雙方或多方交談多用 with。如 Please talk to him right now. 請(qǐng)立即同他談話。 He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交談。 talk about 意為“談?wù)?.....”。如 They are talking about the movie. 他們?cè)谡務(wù)撃遣侩娪啊? have a talk with 意為“與......交談”。如 Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交談嗎 4. say 意為“說”。如 Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英語再說一遍嗎 say to 意為“對(duì)......說”。如 He said to his students that they would have a test. 他對(duì)他的學(xué)生說他們將有一個(gè)測(cè)試。 It is said that... 意為“據(jù)說”。如 It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time. 據(jù)說他能呆在水里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 23) Excuse me! 與 I'm sorry! 1. Excuse me! 意為“打攪了對(duì)不起”一般是為了與陌生人搭話或者要打斷對(duì)方所說做的事。如 Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood? 請(qǐng)問附近有旅館嗎 Excuse me, could I say something? 打攪一下我能說一些嗎 2. I'm sorry! 意為“對(duì)不起”表示道歉。如 I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again. 對(duì)不起張先生。我不會(huì)這么做了。 24) 表示時(shí)間的 in、on 與 at in, on 與 at 都可以和表示時(shí)間的詞組連用。 1. in 表示時(shí)間的一段或較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。如 in the morning 在上午 in May, 2004 在2004年五月 in a week 在一周之內(nèi)后 It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days. 現(xiàn)在是星期天我能在兩天后完成。星期二 Rome was not built in a day. 羅馬不是在一天內(nèi)建起來的。 2. on 主要指在具體的一天。如 on Sunday 在星期天 on May Day 在“五一”節(jié) on a hot afternoon 在一個(gè)炎熱的下午 He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004. 他于2004年4月26日到達(dá)北京。 3. at 表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)或比較短的時(shí)間。如 at 8:00 在八點(diǎn) at noon 在中午 I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我總是每天早晨六點(diǎn)起床。 It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候總是暖和的。 25) Other及其用法 Other 及其相近的詞組 如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等一直是中學(xué)生朋友們比較困擾的問題平常的考試、作業(yè)中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)。下面是它們的一些用法 1、other 指其余的人或物所有格是 other's復(fù)數(shù)形式是 othersthe other 指“兩個(gè)人或物中的另一個(gè)”其復(fù)數(shù)形式是 the othersothers 相當(dāng)于“other + 名詞”所以不能充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞。others指整體中去掉一部分后剩余的部分但不是全部的即 some...others 一些...其余的人...。the others 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部即some...the others. 2、another 泛指三個(gè)以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另外一個(gè)”。由 an 和 other 合并構(gòu)成所以不能和冠詞連用。another 修飾單數(shù)名詞比如another pencil. 3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”后面要用名詞的單數(shù)形式。 26) look 短語 常見的look短語有以下這些 1.look at 朝......看 Please look at the map of China. 請(qǐng)看中國(guó)地圖。(look at=have a look at) 2.look for 尋找 The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在尋找他的狗。 3.look like 看起來像 Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起來像她母親。 4.look the same 看上去一樣 Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一樣。 5.look up 查找 Please look up the word in the dictionary. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谠~典中查找這個(gè)單詞。 6.look over 仔細(xì)檢查 The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查了瑪麗。 7.look after 照顧照看 You must look after your old father. 你必須照顧你的老父親。 8.look around 到處尋找、查看 We looked around, but we found nothing strange. 我們四處查看但是我們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的東西。 27) tooalso與either 1.too用于肯定句和疑問句一般放在句尾其前常加逗號(hào)。如 We are in the same school, too. 我們也在相同的學(xué)校。 Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球嗎 2.also用于肯定句和疑問句一般位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前、be動(dòng)詞后。如 Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一個(gè)韓國(guó)學(xué)生。 3.either用于否定句一般放在句末。如 They don't know the answer, either. 她們也不知道答案。 4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如 We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda. He is a happy boy as well. 28) hard與hardly 1.hard既可作形容詞也可作副詞。如 It's a hard(adj.) question. (=difficult) 這是一個(gè)難的問題。 The boy studies very hard(adv.). 那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。 句子結(jié)構(gòu)It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事對(duì)某人來說是難的。如 It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那項(xiàng)工作對(duì)他來說很難。 注意區(qū)分 hard work 困難的工作 work hard 努力工作 2.hardly是頻度副詞表示否定的意思。=almost not通常用在形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞之前。如 I can hardly see it. 我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿? 29) sometime,sometimes,some time與some times 1.sometime是時(shí)間副詞指不確定的將來或過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間某時(shí)候或任何時(shí)候不指一段時(shí)間。如 We'll go to Beijing sometime next month. 我們下個(gè)月某一時(shí)候會(huì)去北京。 2.sometimes是頻度副詞指“有時(shí)”、“不時(shí)”的意思=at times。如 Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning. 有時(shí)候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。 3.some time是名詞詞組指一段時(shí)間一些時(shí)間或若干時(shí)間。如 It took him some time to finish the book. 她花了一些時(shí)間去完成作業(yè)。 4.some times指“幾次”。如 He met the woman some times last month. 上個(gè)月他見過那婦女幾次。 30) exercise的一些用法 1.作不及物動(dòng)詞譯為“運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉”。如 David exercises every morning. 大衛(wèi)每天早晨進(jìn)行鍛煉。 2.作及物動(dòng)詞譯為“訓(xùn)練”。如 Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身體得到全面的鍛煉。 3.作名詞譯為“體育鍛煉、運(yùn)動(dòng)、體操、練習(xí)題”等。如 It's good to do eye exercises every day. 每天做眼保鍵操對(duì)眼睛有好處。 Please do more exercise from now on. 從今以后請(qǐng)多做運(yùn)動(dòng)吧。 I have lots of homework to do tonight. 今晚我有很多的作業(yè)要做。 4.注意exercise指具體運(yùn)動(dòng)或體操時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式為exercises泛指運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。 31) maybe與may be 1.maybe是副詞譯為“也許、可能”相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如 Maybe he can answer the question. 也許他能回答那個(gè)問題。 He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國(guó)。 2.may be中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞譯為“可能是......”。如 He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國(guó)。 She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我們的英語老師。 32) same與different 1.same指“相同的”前面通常要有一個(gè)定冠詞the但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有thisthose等詞就不能再與the連用了。如 We are in the same class. 我們?cè)谕粋€(gè)班級(jí)。 結(jié)構(gòu)the same as 與......一樣 如 His mark is the same as mine. 他的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的分?jǐn)?shù)一樣。 2.different譯為“不同的”其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如 We are in different classes. 我們?cè)诓煌陌嗉?jí)。 結(jié)構(gòu)be different from 與......不同 如 This sweater is different from that one. 這件毛衣與那一件不同。 different的名詞形式為difference, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為differences。 33) 動(dòng)詞want的用法 1.want sth. 想要某物 They want some help. 他們需要一些幫助。 2.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事 My father wants me to help him on the farm. 我父親要我在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上幫他。 3.want to do sth. 想要做某事 I want to study English in England. 我想要在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語。 4.want doing 需要... Your sweater wants washing. 你的運(yùn)動(dòng)衣該洗了。 34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相關(guān)用法 1.be good for 對(duì)......有益 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操對(duì)你們的建康有益。 2.be good at 擅長(zhǎng)于...... Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅長(zhǎng)于籃球。 = Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅長(zhǎng)于打籃球。 be good at = do well in 如 I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅長(zhǎng)于數(shù)學(xué)。 3.be good to 對(duì)......好 Parents are always good t