高考英語二輪復(fù)習 第2部分 專題5 點石成金 謀取書面表達

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點石成金 謀取書面表達 【考前思索】 我在寫書面表達前是否先列提綱？ 我是否先寫好初稿，然后再修改、定稿？ 寫作文時，我會注意語法使用，尤其是時態(tài)的使用是否正確？ 我會盡量避開生僻的詞匯和沒有把握的表達方法嗎？ 我會運用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊嗎？ 我是否熟練掌握了各類應(yīng)用文體的格式？ 我能否確保在高考前背誦三、四十篇優(yōu)秀的書面表達范文？ 【高分細則】 第五檔(很好，21～25分)作文評分標準： 1．完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 2．覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點。 3．應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。 4．語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯所致，具備較強的語言運用能力。 5．有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 6．完全達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。 第一講　提綱類與應(yīng)用文 案例一　求助信 (2016高考全國乙卷)假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外資公司兼職，已寫好申請書和個人簡歷(resume)。給外教Ms Jenkins寫信，請她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 One possible version： Dear Ms Jenkins， Im writing to ask you for help.Im applying for a parttime job in a overseasfunded corporation.I think itll be a new challenge to me.①Moreover，by doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society. Ive already written the application and resume.But Im afraid that there are some mistakes about the words and format.②So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.③Id appreciate it if you could do me a favor. Yours sincerely， Li Hua [一句多譯] ①表達方式一：Whats more，doing the parttime job can let me gain some precious experience and help me better adapt to the development and changes of society. 表達方式二：Besides，I can obtain some precious experience from the parttime job，which also makes me better adapt to the development and changes of society. ②表達方式一：Therefore，I have to put you to trouble by correcting my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter. 表達方式二：So I cant help but bother you to modify my material attached to my letter. ③表達方式一：Id be very grateful if you could do me a favor. 表達方式二：Ill thank you for helping me. [寫作思路] 1．審題：(1)人稱：以第一人稱為主；(2)時態(tài)：以一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時為主；(3)體裁：書信類應(yīng)用文——求助信。 2．寫作要點：本試題只給了信件的大致內(nèi)容，具體的細節(jié)需要考生自己發(fā)揮，因此它是一篇半開放性的作文。信中可包含以下三方面的內(nèi)容：(1)寫信目的；(2)做兼職的好處；(3)請外教修改所附材料的文字和格式。 [閱卷人如是說] 1．本文完全符合書信體的格式要求，且結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，層次分明，給人以醒目之感。文章開頭直入主題，交待了寫信的原因；中間分層次地闡述了求助的背景；結(jié)尾表達了自己真誠的謝意。 2．文章有大量的采分亮點。①使用高級詞匯及短語，如：precious，adapt to，resume，attach to等。②采用了較高級的句式，如：by doing the parttime job，have no choice but to等。③moreover等過渡性連接詞。 [高頻詞匯、句型背誦] 1．一定要背下來的詞匯 ①addicted adj.入迷的，上癮的；②disadvantage adj.不利條件，缺點；③acquire vt.獲得，得到；④anxiety n．憂慮，擔心；⑤bear vt.忍受；⑥on account of 因為，由于……；⑦bother sb.to do麻煩某人做……；⑧l(xiāng)ose ones confidence/patience失去信心/耐心 2．一定要背下來的套用句型 ①I am writing to ask you to do me a favor. 我寫信向你求助。 ②I have some difficulty in doing ... 我在做……方面有困難。 ③What bothers me is that I dont know what to do. 困擾我的事情是我不知道做什么。 ④I wonder how to deal with the problem. 我想知道如何解決這個問題。 ⑤Im eager to get your timely help. 我渴望得到你及時的幫助。 ⑥Facing/Faced with so many difficulties，I had to turn to the teacher for help. 面對如此多的問題，我不得不向老師求助。 ⑦Ill be very grateful if you could do me a favor and ... 如果你能幫助我……我會非常感激。 (2016鄭州八校聯(lián)考)　假如你是楊梅，你將和你的一名同學代表學校參加所在城市舉辦的英語演講，但是你信心不足，你的叔叔是演講方面的專家，請你給他寫一份求助信，表達期望得到他幫助的意愿并準備于周六去拜訪他。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 One possible version： Dear Uncle， How are you？Next week an English speaking contest will be held in our city.One of my classmates and I will take part in it on behalf of my school.I am excited but also nervous，because it is a good chance to improve my English.But I have no experience.Although I have been preparing for the contest，Im still not confident.As an expert in English，what should you advise me to prepare for the contest? I plan to pay a visit to you this Saturday morning.I wonder whether youll be free then.If not，could you tell me the time that is convenient for you？Im eager to get your instruction.Ill appreciate any of your help. Your niece， Yang Mei 案例二　道歉信 (2016高考全國丙卷)假定你是李華，與留學生朋友Bob約好一起去書店，因故不能赴約。請給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括： 1．表示歉意； 2．說明原因； 3．另約時間。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 One possible version： Dear Bob， I am sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble. Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books. If it is convenient for you，lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.If not, let me know what time suits you best. I should be available any time after school next week. Yours， Li Hua [閱卷人如是說] 1．范文覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點，“再次相約”部分，情節(jié)適當發(fā)揮，情真意切。如： ①點題致歉(I am sorry to say that...)； ②解釋不能赴約的原因(I have just found that...)； ③另約時間(Shall we go...？)。 2．范文運用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。如： ①賓語從句that I cannot go to the bookstore...； ②賓語從句that I have to attend...； ③so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句等。 3．范文部分使用了較高級詞匯，展示了較強的語言運用能力。如使用了convenient，available等高級詞匯，增加了文章的亮點。 [高頻詞匯、句型背誦] 1．一定要背下來的詞匯 apologize v．道歉 forgive v．原諒 inconvenience n．不便 appointment n．約定 oversight n．疏忽 make up彌補 2．一定要背下來的套用句型 (1)I am writing to apologize for .../I am writing to say sorry for ... 我寫這封信是因……道歉。 (2)I would like to give you my apology for ... 對于……我向你道歉。 (3)I express my regret at being unable to do ... 對未能做……，我表示遺憾。 (4)Please accept my sincere apology for ... 關(guān)于……，請接受我真誠的道歉。 (5)Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words. 請原諒我說話欠妥。 (6)I owe you an apology. 我向您道歉。 (7)Please accept my apologies for my oversight. 請原諒我的疏忽。 (8)I feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened. 為此我感到非常內(nèi)疚，所以想告訴你實情。 (9)I sincerely hope you can understand that I offended you unintentionally. 我真心希望您能理解，我并非有意冒犯您。 (10)We assure you that such a matter will never happen again. 我們向您保證，此類事件不會再發(fā)生。 假定你是李華，你的外教Wilson明天下午要做一個關(guān)于“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋(Internet Plus)”的講座，你因故不能參加，請根據(jù)以下要點給他寫一封100詞左右的電子郵件。 1．表達歉意； 2．解釋原因； 3．詢問是否有講座的相關(guān)資料。 One possible version： Dear Wilson， I am writing to apologize for not being able to attend your lecture tomorrow afternoon，which is on Internet Plus. The reason for my being absent is that my mother is seriously ill. So I will take her to hospital tomorrow since my father is on a business trip for an urgent matter. I will care for my mother. To be frank，I am extremely interested in the topic of Internet Plus. Therefore，it is really a pity that I will miss it. I wonder if there are any relevant materials of the lecture. If so，I can learn it myself when it is convenient. Wish your lecture a great success. Yours， Li Hua 案例三　普通書信 (2016高考全國甲卷)假定你是李華，你校攝影俱樂部(photography club)將舉辦國際中學生攝影展。請給你的英國朋友Peter寫封信，請他提供作品。信的內(nèi)容包括： 1．主題：環(huán)境保護； 2．展覽時間； 3．投稿郵箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com. 注意： 1．詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 One possible version： Dear Peter， Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.The theme of the show is environmental protection.It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks.Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.If you want to join，you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gmschool.com. Hope to hear from you soon. Yours， Li Hua [閱卷人如是說] 1．范文覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點，且“邀請Peter參展”，有適當發(fā)揮。如： ①舉辦國際中學生攝影展(hold an International High School Student Photography Show)； ②攝影展的主題(the theme of the show)； ③請Peter提供作品(this is surely a good chance...)。 2．范文應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如： ①賓語從句you showed me some photos on that theme； ②the last time引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句； ③if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 3．范文盡量使用了較高級詞匯，具備了較強的語言運用能力。如使用了theme，participate等高級詞匯，增加了文章的得分點。 [高頻詞匯、句型背誦] 1．一定要背下來的詞匯 dear adj.親愛的　inform v．通知 receive v．收到 reply n．回復(fù) regard n．尊敬，喜愛 faithfully adv.忠實地 truly adv.忠實地，誠實地 sincerely adv.真誠地 2．一定要背下來的套用句型 (1)Haven’t seen you for ages.Glad to hear from you. 好久不見了，很高興收到你的來信。 (2)Your letter came to me this morning. 我今天早上收到了你的來信。 (3)I’m writing to ask if you can come next month. 我寫信詢問你下個月能不能來。 (4)There is nothing happier to me than to receive your letter. 再也沒有比收到你的來信更讓我開心的了。 (5)I’ve been thinking about the question you wrote in the letter.In my opinion，you should ... 我一直在思考你來信中提到的問題。在我看來，你應(yīng)該…… (6)Please remember me to your whole family. 代我向你的家人問好。 (7)Give my best regards/wishes to your mother. 請代我向你的母親表示良好的祝愿。 (8)Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 (9)Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you. 期待與你會面。 (10)Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible. 盼望能盡快收到你的回信。 (2016湖北襄陽市模擬)　假如你是李華，前幾天你收到網(wǎng)友Jim的來信，詢問你的高三生活，你打算在回信中介紹以下三個方面的內(nèi)容： 1．生活安排； 2．學習計劃； 3．理想的大學及專業(yè)。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．信的格式已為你寫好。 Dear Jim， Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Jim， Im very glad to receive your letter，in which you asked me about my life of Senior 3.To tell you the truth，I am really engaged in my exams and homework.Therefore，I need to balance my study and life in order to make it colorful and meaningful. There is no doubt that doing sports every day may build up my body.Besides，communicating with teachers，parents and friends can be of great help to reduce my pressure.As for my study，Ive made a practical plan to follow strictly.I should also overcome my shyness to consult the teachers if there is something making me confused. Whats more，to improve English is the most urgent thing because I have to make a solid foundation for my dream university—Fudan University，where I would like to major in English.I really hope that my dream will come true through my perseverance and diligence. Best wishes! Yours sincerely， Li Hua 【名師點評】　范文生動、流暢，體現(xiàn)了作者駕馭高級句式的能力。 范文的亮點主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面： 1．加入必要的連接詞和過渡詞以使行文連貫。如：To tell you the truth，Therefore，Besides，As for my study，Whats more等。 2．高級表達I am really engaged in，in order to make it colorful and meaningful，There is no doubt that，build up，be of great help，make me confused，make a solid foundation for，through my perseverance and diligence等的使用大大地提升了文章的得分檔次。 3．將學生習作中的兩個簡單句“Im very glad to receive your letter.You asked me about my life of Senior 3.”用in which連接為復(fù)合句。in which的加入使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊。 總之，范文要點齊全，句式多樣，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)完整，且使用了較多高級表達，得分在第五檔。 案例四　電子郵件 (2015高考天津卷)　假設(shè)你是晨光中學學生會主席李津，你校擬向美國友好交流學校的中文班捐贈一批圖書。請根據(jù)以下提示，寫一封郵件與中文班班長Chris聯(lián)系，并告知將于今年七月赴對方學校參加夏令營時帶去贈書。 1．自我介紹； 2．擬捐贈圖書的類型、冊數(shù)、用途等； 3．詢問對方的其他需求。 注意： 1．詞數(shù)不少于100； 2．請適當加入細節(jié)，使內(nèi)容充實、行文連貫。 參考詞匯： 學生會　the Student Union Dear Chris， Yours， Li Jin One possible version： Dear Chris， How is everything going? I am Li Jin，president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School.Now I am writing an email to tell you something about our donated books. We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July，which makes us very excited.At the same time，we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.Most of them are about Chinese and some about Chinese cooking as well.I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but help enhance your Chinese. By the way，if you need any other kind of books，please do tell me. Yours， Li Jin [閱卷人如是說] 本篇范文既緊扣了所有的寫作內(nèi)容要點，又進行了適當?shù)臄U展發(fā)揮，做到了要點齊全，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，詳略得當。首段進行自我介紹，并點明寫信目的；主體段落描述捐贈圖書的具體情況，如圖書的類型、冊數(shù)、用途等；末段簡單詢問對方其他的需求； 另外，一些高級詞匯，如donated，enhance，take part in，bring along，as well，(be)familiar with等；復(fù)雜句式，如非謂語動詞held by ...作后置定語，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，以及Most of them are about ...and some about ...中省略的使用，均體現(xiàn)了作者較高的語言駕馭能力。 [高頻詞匯、句型背誦] 1．一定要背下來的詞匯 enquire v．詢問　inform v．通知 date v．始于 confirm v．確認 check v．查收 reply n．回復(fù) response n．回答 attachment n．附件 undeliverable adj.無法投遞的 in detail詳細地 junk mail垃圾郵件 mail account郵件賬戶 Carbon Copy/CC抄送 2．一定要背下來的套用句型 (1)I have received your email(yesterday/last week/this morning ...)． 我(昨天/上周/今天早上……)收到了你的電子郵件。 (2)Your email has been received. 你的郵件已收到。 (3)May I have your reply by April 1，if possible? 如果可能，我可否在4月1日前收到你的答復(fù)呢？ (4)I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience. 請在方便時盡早回信，非常感激。 (5)Would you please forward this information on to the other students? 你能把這條信息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給其他同學嗎？ (6)If necessary，we can arrange a facetoface discussion sometime this week. 如果有必要，本周我們可以安排一次面談。 (7)Enclosed are two photos of the applicant. 隨信附上申請人的兩張照片。 (8)Attached are the minutes of the meeting. 會議記錄見附件。 假如你是李華，你的英國朋友Tom將來你家共度除夕，你打算當天下午去地鐵站接他。請你用英文寫一封電子郵件，告知他相關(guān)信息。你們?nèi)叶細g迎他。 1．接他的時間和地點：2月18日下午4點，地鐵四號線中關(guān)村站西北出口； 2．晚上的主要安排：看春晚、包餃子、放鞭炮。 注意： 1．詞數(shù)不少于100。 2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 3．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù) Dear Tom， How is it going? Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Tom， How is it going? Im excited to hear that you will come to China to spend the Chinese New Years Eve. My family expects your arrival so much. And be glad to tell you the arrangements during your visit in Beijing in advance. I will meet you at 4 oclock on the afternoon of February 18th. You can arrive at northwestern entrance of Zhongguancun Station of Subway Line 4. If you have some trouble in finding the right way，you can seek help from the subway staff or ring me up directly. After you arrive，we will have various traditional activities，such as watching the Spring Festival Gala，making dumplings，and setting off firecrackers，all of which will drop you into a strong atmosphere of festival. In addition，there are also a series of interesting games we can play together for entertainment. I am eager to see you and I hope you will enjoy the festival with my family. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 【試題分析】　本篇書面表達屬于書信體寫作，根據(jù)題目要求和提示信息把細致的安排在信中表達清楚。寫作時注意以下幾點：(1)仔細閱讀有關(guān)提示，弄清試題提供的所有信息，明確有哪些要點。(2)嚴格按照題目要求與提示信息，把主要內(nèi)容表達清楚；嚴格遵守書信體格式，稱呼，開頭，主體和結(jié)尾；本文寫作時應(yīng)按時間順序。(3)根據(jù)要表達的內(nèi)容確定句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài)；就本文而言應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。(4)注意使用高級詞匯和句式，以增加文章的亮點。 【名師點評】　本文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，層次分明，而且使用了多種句式和結(jié)構(gòu)。that you will come to China to spend the Chinese New Years Eve.是賓語從句；all of which will drop you into a strong atmosphere of festival.是all of which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，使用了be excited to do sth.，I am glad to tell you，have some troubles in doing，set off等短語，使文章更富有文采；還使用了After you arrive，In addition，等連詞和短語，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更有層次，也使語言更連貫。 案例五　建議信 (2014高考安徽卷)　為了幫助中學生健康成長，某中學英文報開辟了“HEARTTOHEART”專欄。假設(shè)你是該欄目的編輯Jamie，收到一封署名為Worried的求助信。信中該同學向你訴說了自己的困擾：近日容易發(fā)脾氣，使正常的學習和生活受到了影響。請用英文給該同學寫一封回信。 內(nèi)容要點如下： 1．表示理解并給予安慰； 2．提出建議并說明理由。 注意：1.詞數(shù)120左右； 2．信中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息； 3．信的開頭與結(jié)尾已為你擬好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：temper n．脾氣，情緒 Hi Worried， Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time at the moment. Yours， Jamie One possible version： Hi Worried， Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time at the moment. The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong，so you dont have to worry so much.The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.Here are three useful tips： First，talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.And third，remain optimistic about your future.Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits. I hope youll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal. Yours， Jamie [閱卷人如是說] 本文全面呈現(xiàn)了考題要求的內(nèi)容，且結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，詳略得當。另外，又進行了適當?shù)臄U展發(fā)揮?？忌谛形牡倪^程中，恰當?shù)剡\用了多種復(fù)合句(如表語從句、狀語從句等)、祈使句、非謂語動詞，并且在文尾表達了自己的希望，這些無不體現(xiàn)了考生對英語的駕馭能力。 [高頻詞匯、句型背誦] 1．一定要背下來的詞匯 mention v．提到 situation n．情況；形勢 furthermore adv.此外 meanwhile adv.同時 discussion n．討論 proposal n．建議 advise v．建議 suggest v．建議 wise adj.明智的 in my opinion在我看來 2．一定要背下來的套用句型 (1)The focus of the complaint is ... 抱怨的焦點在于…… (2)I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about ... 我就我們已經(jīng)討論的關(guān)于……的問題寫信給你。 (3)I’ve been thinking about the question you wrote in the letter.In my opinion，you should ... 我一直在思考你來信中提到的問題。在我看來，你應(yīng)該…… (4)In the last letter you wrote that ...and I hope ... 上一封信里你寫道……，我希望…… (5)I’m writing to you to know what is going on with ... 我寫信給你是想了解一下……怎么樣了。 (6)You have asked me for my advice with regard to ...，and I will try to make some constructive suggestions. 就……一事你曾征詢過我的意見，我會盡量給你提出一些有建設(shè)性的建議。 (7)However，to you，I highly recommend ... 但是對你而言，我強烈推薦…… (8)To slove this problem，in my opinion ... 為了解決這一問題，我的看法是…… (9)As to the problem you mentioned in the last letter，here are my suggestions. 至于你上次信中提到的問題，以下是我提供的建議。 (10)My suggestions are as follows. 我的建議如下。 假如你是李華，最近你的美國朋友杰里(Jerry)來信說他的一個室友經(jīng)?？措娮訒缴钜?，有時看到有趣的地方還發(fā)出笑聲，導(dǎo)致他無法入睡，他很苦惱不知道該如何解決這個問題。請你給他寫一封信，提出你的建議。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Jerry， Thank you for your trust in me. I understand you are