《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理.ppt

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《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理,Cross-culturalCommunication,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第一講日常談話中的文化差異1,A.GreetingsandFarewellsWesternerscomingtoChinaalwaysfeelsurprisedtobetoldthattheChinesepeopleoftengreetpeoplewith你吃飯了沒有？This,ofcourse,isacommonChinesegreetingaroundmealtimeandthepeoplemerelynoddedwithasmile,wavedgoodbyeandwentoff.AsweallrealisethatthisremarkwasnothingmorethanaChinesewayofsayingHelloorHi.IfthegreetinghadbeenputliterallyintoEnglishHaveyoueatenyet?OrHaveyouhadyourlunch?Itwouldhavesoundedratherunusual.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第一日常談話中的文化差異2,ToAmericanthegreetingmightmeanthis:“Ihaven’teither.Comeon,let’sgotogetherandgetsomethingtoeat,”or“ifyouhaven’t,Iwasjustgoingtoinviteyoutomyplace.”Inotherwords,itcouldindicateaninvitationtoameal.WhenChinesepart,theyusuallysaygood-bye,bye-bye.ButusuallyinChina,it’sacustomtosay請留步，慢走，走好，慢點(diǎn)騎等等。B.WaysofAddress,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第一日常談話中的文化差異3,Inrecentyears,thetrendofmanyEnglish-speakingpeoplehasbeentoaddressothersbyusingthefirstnametom,Michael,Linda,Jane,etc.RatherthancallingthepersonMr.Summers,Mrs.HowardormissJones.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第一日常談話中的文化差異4,OnecaninferfromtheprecedingthattheChinesecustomofaddressingmembersofone’sfamilyrelativesorcloseneighborsas二哥，三姐，四嬸，周大伯shouldnotbecarriedoverintoEnglish.AnothercommonChineseformofaddressistheuseofaperson’stitle,office,oroccupation,suchas黃局長，林經(jīng)理，李校長。ButoneseldomhersEnglishspeakersaddressingothersasbureauDirectorSmith,ManagerJackson,PrincipalMorris.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第一日常談話中的文化差異5,C.ComplimentsandpraiseAmericanandChinesehavedifferencesinreplyingtocompliments:AmericanstendtoacceptthecomplimentwhileChinesegenerallymurmursomereplyaboutnotbeingworthyofthepraise.D.MiscellaneousSocialAmenitiesBothChineseandEnglishhaveexpressionsforgratitude,apologies,remarksprecedingarequest;forexample,thereare謝謝，對不起，請……Thankyou,I’msorry,Excuseme.Onthewhole,theyarequitesimilarandpresentnoproblem.However,evenamongthese,therearecertaindifferences.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第二講語言中的文化差異1,Ⅰ.CulturalConnotationsofWords:A.Imageandculture形象與文化狗：dogE-neutralwordC-(withderogatorysense)如：走狗/看家狗/賴皮狗/痛打落水狗/狗東西/狗腿子/狗膽包天/狼心狗肺/狗急跳墻/狗血噴頭,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第二語言中的文化差異2,Getthedogputondogloveme,lovemydog.Letthesleepingdoglie.Everydoghasitsday.獅子lionApersonfelttobelikealionespeciallyincourage,ferocity,dignityordominance,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第二語言中的文化差異3,英國國王查理一世KingRichardⅠ由于勇敢過人，因此被稱作theLion-Heart.英國人以獅子作為自己國家的象征。TheBritishLion(指英國）aliterarylion(文學(xué)界的名人），v.lionize(把某人捧為名人）B)MeaningandCulturalContent詞義與文化內(nèi)涵,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第二語言中的文化差異4,1）materialism≈唯心主義（追求物質(zhì)享受，物質(zhì)主義）；2）idealism≈唯心主義（理想主義）；在英語中，idealism作為（“理想主義”解時(shí)，他的對立面就是materialism,前者具有不圖私利，為理想而奮斗的意思，而后者卻具有貪圖物質(zhì)享受、貪圖私利的意思。,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第二語言中的文化差異5,Ⅱ.UniqueThingsofaCertainCulture某種文化所特有的東西街道婦女streetwomen?個(gè)體戶individualhousehold?全民所有ownedbythewholepeople?,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第三講新詞語1,1.利用現(xiàn)有的反義詞構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合反義詞，例如；原詞新詞Nightmare夜間惡夢daymare晝夜惡夢Hotline熱線coldline冷線Braindrain人才外流braingain人才流入,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第三新詞語2,2.仿照原有的同類詞創(chuàng)造出其對應(yīng)的詞或近義詞，例如；原詞新詞Greenrevolutionbluerevolution綠色革命藍(lán)色革命White-collarworkergray-collarworker職員灰領(lǐng)工人,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第三新詞語3,3.通過詞的轉(zhuǎn)義，形象性地表達(dá)某種概念，發(fā)人聯(lián)想，例如；原義轉(zhuǎn)義Apple蘋果屈從白人的印地安人Bottomline結(jié)算盈虧的地線最后結(jié)果、要點(diǎn)……,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第四講顏色詞1,Inthischapter,theculturalassociationsofcertaincolorswillbediscussed,with“colorful”phrasesandexpressionsinbothEnglishandChineseusedasillustration.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第四顏色詞2,White白色所引起的聯(lián)想有一些是相似的。Purity潔白，純潔，innocence清白無辜在漢譯英時(shí)，應(yīng)注意有“白”字的詞語。如；白菜Chinesecabbage白熊polarbear白費(fèi)invain白開水boiledwater,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第四顏色詞3,BlackInbothEnglishandChinesetherearevarioustermsindicatingthatblackisoftenassociatedwithnegativequalities;blackist,黑名單：blackmarket,黑市black-hearted黑心的Intheblack-----hasagoodmeaning:runningabusinessprofitably.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第四顏色詞4,BlueInEnglish,blueisusuallyassociatedwithunhappyfeelings.Inabluemood;havingablues---asadgloomyordepressedmood情緒低沉，抑郁AblueMonday倒霉的星期一Blueblood貴族bluebook藍(lán)皮書,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第五講禁忌與委婉語1,Taboos,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第五禁忌與婉語2,Indifferentcultures,somewordsorexpressionsaretobeavoided.Thereareverbaltaboos.Peoplesofdifferentculturesdonotallagreeonwhataretaboos.EnglishandChinesehavecertainareasofagreementontaboos.HumanexcretionSexandcertainpartsofthebodyistabooinbothcultures.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第五禁忌與婉語3,Age,income,maritalstatus,politicsandreligionetcareconsideredimpropertoaskastrangerorapersonthatonedoesnotknowwell.Euphemism1.Pregnant2.W.C,toilet3.Gotothetoilet4.Prostitute5.Old6.Fat,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第六講典故1,ALLUSIONS,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第六典故2,Inmostlanguages,peopleembellishtheirspeechorwritingwithreferencestocharactersoreventsfromtheirhistory,legends,literature,religion,etc.Suchreferences---allusions---notonlymakethelanguagericher,butalsomakecommunicationmuchmorevividandofteneasier.InChinese,你這個(gè)人真Qor她是個(gè)林黛玉式的人物conveyssomuchinformationthathardlyanyfurtherexplanationneedstobemake.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第六典故3,OthercharactersornamesfromShakespeare’splaysorlaterEnglishandAmericanliteraturethathavealsobecomecommonhouseholdtermsinclude;1)AShylock貪婪，殘忍的守財(cái)奴2)aSherlockHolmes—adetectiveorshrewdperson,theheroofSirArthurConanDoyle’swell—knowndetectivestories.,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第六典故4,3)aPandorabox潘朵拉之盒----災(zāi)難，麻煩，禍害的根源InChinesemanyallusionsarealsodrawnfromthesamesources;literature,history,religion,sportsetc.文學(xué)萬事具備，只欠東風(fēng)---Everythingisready,allthat’sneededisaneastwind,《跨文化交際》主要內(nèi)容梳理第六典故5,歷史四面楚歌---hearthesoundsoftheChuallaround寓言對牛彈琴---playmusictoanox佛教、道教臨時(shí)抱佛腳---embraceBuddha’sfeetinone’shourofneed,