（課標通用）安徽省2019年中考英語總復習 題型5 閱讀理解課件.ppt

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題型五閱讀理解,選擇型閱讀理解題主要考查學生的語篇閱讀能力、分析能力和判斷能力。要求學生能較快地通過閱讀短文,獲取其中的主要信息,然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。常見的考查方式有以下四種:1.細節(jié)理解題這類題目的答案一般都能在文章中直接找到,做題前,可以先瀏覽一下題目,然后帶著問題快速閱讀,找出能解決問題的有關(guān)信息。但是一定要注意捕捉準確的信息,進行理解分析,去偽存真,否則會陷入題目設下的“陷阱”,受其迷惑而誤選干擾項。2.主旨大意題主旨大意題主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要內(nèi)容、標題、作者的態(tài)度、目的、文章的語氣等。我們在做題時一定要注意首句和尾句,因為它們往往是文章的主題句。,3.推理判斷題在做推理判斷題時,必須從原文中找到推斷的依據(jù)。這類題要求考生擺脫字面理解的局限,透過文章的字里行間,對作者的話進行推理判斷,領悟隱含在字里行間的內(nèi)涵或哲理,體會作者的言外之意、弦外之音,從而獲得對文章的深層理解。4.詞義猜測題解答這類題目時,必須認真閱讀文章,通過上下文的聯(lián)系,結(jié)合已有的知識猜測其在具體語境中的含義,下面介紹一些猜詞的技巧:(1)通過因果關(guān)系猜詞;(2)通過同義詞和反義詞關(guān)系猜詞;(3)通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞;(4)通過定義或釋義來推測詞義;(5)通過句法功能來推測詞義;(6)通過描述猜詞。,典例(2018安徽)Wouldyouliketoliveinacitywherebuildingsturnthelightsoffforyou,andself-drivingcarswillfindthenearestparkingspacethemselves?Althoughitmightsoundalittlefarfromyou,livingina“smart”citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintownsthatwehavelivedinforcenturies,whilecompletelynewcitiesarebeingbuilt.OnesuchplaceisthecityofSongdo.Everyhometherewillhavea“telepresence”system(遠程遙控系統(tǒng))—allowinguserstocontroltheheatingandlocks,takepartinvideomeetings,andreceiveeducation,healthcareandgovernmentservices.Aroundthecity,escalators(自動扶梯)willonlymovewhensomeoneisonthem,andofficesandschoolswillallbeconnectedtothesystem.,ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.Infact,technologycompaniesaroundtheworldsuchasIBM,SiemensandMicrosoftarealreadyinthebusiness.About75%oftheworld’spopulationwillliveincitiesby2050,socitieswillneedtobemoremoderntodealwiththecomingproblems.“Makingcitiessmarterisonewayout,andIthinkthiswillinturnmakecitiesgreener,”saidDanHill,headofaresearchcompany.,1.Accordingtothetext,livingina“smart”city.A.isnotagreenwayB.willbefarfromyouC.willsoonbecometrueD.iscompletelyimpossible2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Acityofthefuture.B.AmeetinginSongdo.C.Aplantobuildahouse.D.Areportonpublichealth.,3.WhichcompanyoffersthegreatmindtobuildSongdo?A.Cisco.B.IBM.C.Siemens.D.Microsoft.4.DanHillthinksthatmakingcitiessmarterisonewayto.A.drivepeopleoutofcitiesB.controltheworld’spopulationC.develophisowncompanyD.solvethecities’comingproblems5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FutureEducationB.SmartCitiesC.GovernmentServicesD.FamousCompanies,答案與解析【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。一切都具有“智能化”的新型城市在不久的未來就會變成現(xiàn)實。人們使用遠程遙控系統(tǒng)控制各種各樣的機器為自己服務,其結(jié)果是人們生活更方便,城市更環(huán)保。1.C細節(jié)理解題。從第一段中的“l(fā)ivingina‘smart’citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink”可知,生活在“智能化”的城市遠比你想象的要來得快。也就是說,這種“智能化”的城市不久就會變成現(xiàn)實。故選C項。2.A段落大意題。閱讀第二段可知,本段談論了在未來的Songdo城市,每家每戶都有遠程遙控系統(tǒng)控制著機器進行運轉(zhuǎn),教育、衛(wèi)生健康、政府服務都會納入該系統(tǒng)。由此可知,本段主要談論的是未來的城市。故選A項。,3.A細節(jié)理解題。從第三段中的“ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.”可知,建立未來城市Songdo的構(gòu)想是由Cisco公司提出的。故選A項。4.D推理判斷題。從最后一段DanHill的話可知,DanHill認為,使得城市變得更加智能化是一種出路,這樣可以漸漸使得城市變得更環(huán)保。也就是說,智能化的城市肯定能解決當今的各種問題(如污染)從而使得城市更環(huán)保。故選D項。5.B主旨大意題。閱讀本文可知,文章談論的就是未來的“智能化”的城市。故選B項。,素養(yǎng)訓練提高【1】(2018安徽)It’sacold,greySundayafternooninMarch.TheBritishareallworkingintheirgardens.They’redigging,cuttingleavesandplantingnewseeds(種子).Bysummer,theirgardenswillbefullofbrightcolours.TheBritishlovetheirgardens.ABritishnewspaperrecentlyaskedpeoplefortheiropinionsaboutthem.Around70%ofthepeoplefeltitwasimportanttospendtimeinthegarden,andover50%ofthesedescribedgardeningasthemostenjoyablethingtheyeverdid.OnlyoneintenhousesinBritaindonothaveagarden.Peoplewholiveinhouseswithoutgardensoftenrent(租用)landfromthegovernment.,Atfirst,onlyveryrichpeoplehadgardens.Youcanstillseethegardensaroundhouseswithalonghistory,suchasChatsworthHouseorCastleHoward.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,however,gardeningbecameahobby.Peopleboughtdifferentkindsofseedsandplantsfortheirgardens.Althoughroses,sunflowersandtomatoesareoftengrowninBritishgardens,theyoriginally(起初)grewwildinothercountries.Everyyear,therearecompetitionsforthelargestvegetables,butdon’texpecttowin:Britain’sbiggestcarrotisalmostsixmetreslong.,1.Insummer,BritishgardensareoftenB.A.fullofpeoplediggingthereB.colorfulwithdifferentplantsC.toohotforpeopletoworkthereD.coveredwithgreyleavesandplants2.ArecentsurveyshowedthatAoftheBritishfeltitimportanttodosomegardening.A.around70%B.over50%C.only20%D.about10%,,,3.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatD.A.seedswereprovidedforfreeB.roseswerefirstgrowninBritainC.gardeningisahobbyintheworldD.theownerofChatsworthHousewasrich4.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedsentence?BA.Itiseasytogrowbigvegetables.B.Itishardtowinthecompetition.C.Thecarrotismucheasiertogrow.D.Thecarrotishisfavoritevegetable.,,,【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了在英國人們都喜歡在自己家設置一塊地用作花園種植各種各樣的植物與蔬菜的歷史和文化。1.B細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Bysummer,theirgardenswillbefullofbrightcolours.”可知,夏天英國人的花園被不同的植物點綴得五顏六色。故選B項。2.A細節(jié)理解題。從第二段中的“Around70%ofthepeoplefeltitwasimportanttospendtimeinthegarden”可知,大約70%的人認為在花園里花些時間很重要。故選A項。3.D推理判斷題。從第四段中的“Atfirst,onlyveryrichpeoplehadgardens.Youcanstillseethegardensaroundhouseswithalonghistory,suchasChatsworthHouseorCastleHoward.”可知,當初,僅僅只有非常富有的人才擁有花園。你能看見年歲久遠的房子周圍都有花園,比如查茨沃斯莊園或者霍華德城堡。由此推知查茨沃斯莊園的主人肯定很富有。故選D項。,4.B推理判斷題。從最后一段描述可知,每年在英國都有最大蔬菜的比賽,但人們并不期望能勝出,因為英國最大的蘿卜都幾乎有六米長。一個蘿卜都有那么長,由此可知還有其他更大的蔬菜,因此要想在比賽中獲勝是很難的,所以人們對是否勝出也不抱多大希望。故選B項。,【2】(2018安徽合肥廬陽二模)Ourschool’ssciencefestivaljustendedafewdaysago.Whatinterestedmemostwasthetimewespentmakingacar.Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard(瓦楞紙板),butcouldstillholdaperson,aswellasmove.Wewereexcitedaboutthisidea,butwefoundithardtomakethecar.Itseemedimpossibleforacardboardcartocarrysomeone.Ourphysicsteachershowedusavideo.Therewassomecorrugatedcardboardshapedlikea“V”or“W”inthevideo.Itcouldholdmoreweight.Thisgaveustheideatomakethecaraftergettingthepropermaterials.,Becausetherewasnotmuchtimeleftforus,wehadtofinishitasquicklyaspossible.Wetalkedabouthowthecarshouldbemadeandhowtotestit.Iwasgladthatwewereabletoworkcloselywitheachother.Everyonesawtheworkasaninterestingwaytorelax.Whenthecarwasfinallyfinished,weallworeasmileonourfacesandfoundthatallourworkhadbeenworthit,evenafterspendingwholeafternoonsworkingonit.Wejoinedthecompetitionafterwefinishedthecar.Thoughwedidn’twinanyprizes,wefoundsomethingmoremeaningfulthansuccess.Welearnednewthingsaboutphysicsandlearnedhowtogetalongwitheachother.,1.ThecarwasmadeoutofD.A.thickstoneB.specialglassC.strongwoodD.corrugatedcardboard2.Thewriter’sCteachershowedthemavideotohelpthemmakethecar.A.mathB.historyC.physicsD.English,,,3.ThewriterwasgladthattheywereabletoB.A.wintheprizessuccessfullyB.workcloselywitheachotherC.jointhecompetitiontogetherD.findaninterestingwaytorelax4.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?AA.Thecartheymadecouldholdapersonandmove.B.Itwasnotveryhardforthemtomakethecar.C.Theyspentmuchmoneygettingpropermaterials.D.Therewasenoughtimeforthemtomakethecar.,,,【主旨大意】文章主要介紹了作者參加科技節(jié)和同學們一起創(chuàng)作的歷程,雖然沒有取得名次,但也學到了很多知識及如何進行團隊合作。1.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段中的“Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard”可知它是由瓦楞紙板制成的,故答案是D項。2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段中的“Ourphysicsteachershowedusavideo”可知,我們的物理老師給我們看了一段錄像,故答案是C項。3.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第3段中的“Iwasgladthatwewereabletoworkcloselywitheachother”可知我很高興我們能夠彼此緊密合作,故答案是B項。4.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段中的“Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard(瓦楞紙板),butcouldstillholdaperson,aswellasmove.”可知它是由瓦楞紙板制成的,但仍然可以容納一個人,也可以移動。A項是正確的。,【3】(2018安徽合肥蜀山二模)TheFoxandtheStork(鸛)AtonetimetheFoxandtheStorkalwaysvisitedeachotherandseemedverygoodfriends.SotheFoxinvitedtheStorktodinner,andforajokeheputnothingbeforeherbutsomesoupinaveryshallow(淺的)dish.TheFoxcouldeasilyfinishhisfood,buttheStorkcouldonlywettheendofherlongbillinit,andleftthemealashungryaswhenshebegan.“I’msorry,”saidtheFox,“thesoupisnottoyourliking.”“Itdoesn’tmatter,”saidtheStork,“Ihopeyouwillreturnthisvisit,andcomeandhavedinnerwithmesoon.”,SoherecameadaywhentheFoxshouldvisittheStork,butwhentheywereseatedattableallthatwasfortheirdinnerwasputinaverylong-neckedbottlewithasmallmouth,inwhichtheFoxcouldnotinserthissnout(吻部),soallhecouldmanagetodowastolick(舔)theoutsideofthebottle.“Iwillnotsaysorryforthedinner,”saidtheStork.“Onebadturndeserves(值得)another.”,1.WhatwasservedtotheStorkattheFox’shome?BA.Nothing.B.Somesoup.C.Abigmeal.D.Alittlewine.2.Whatdoes“bill”meaninChinese?BA.賬單B.鳥嘴C.腿D.脖子,,,3.AttheStork’shome,thefoodfortheFoxwasputinC.A.averyshallowbowlB.averyshallowdishC.averylong-neckedbottleD.averysmallspoon4.Whatdoesthestorytellus?DA.Oneshouldn’thavetoomanyfriends.B.Noteverythingyouseeiswhatitappearstobe.C.Onewillgetagreatsuccessafterachievinggoalslittlebylittle.D.Onewillbehurtbyhimselfifhehurtsothersonpurpose.,,,【主旨大意】文章主要通過狐貍請鸛吃飯惡作劇,后面又被鸛捉弄了,故事告訴我們?nèi)绻銦o法忍受別人對你惡作劇,請不要作弄你的鄰人。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的第1段“SotheFoxinvitedtheStorktodinner,andforajokeheputnothingbeforeherbutsomesoupinaveryshallow(淺的)dish.”于是狐貍邀請鸛來吃晚飯,只是在很淺的盤子里放了一些湯。故答案是B項。2.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中的“buttheStorkcouldonlywettheendofherlongbillinit”結(jié)合喝湯,可知是把鳥嘴末端弄濕。故答案是B項。3.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的第1段“butwhentheywereseatedattableallthatwasfortheirdinnerwasputinaverylong-neckedbottlewithasmallmouth”可知所有的晚餐都裝在一個長頸瓶里。故答案是C項。,4.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文中的第2段的“Iwillnotsaysorryforthedinner,”saidtheStork.“Onebadturndeserves(值得)another.”可知,一個人如果故意傷害別人,就會受到傷害。答案是D項。,【4】(2019原創(chuàng))TroubleandtheNewKidisaperfectbookforthekidswrittenbyCateWhittle.Itisfunandhumorous.Ninaisthenewkidatschool.Sheistidyandorganizedandsmartand,well,she’sdislikeGeorgiaatall.WhenGeorgiatellsNinaaboutherdragon,Trouble,Ninarollshereyesandsays“hmnph”.Ninadoesn’tbelieveindragons.Ninadoesn’tliketotalkaboutanythingthatisnotreal.,AlthoughGeorgiaandalltheotherkidsatschoolbelieveindragons,Ninarefusestobelievethatdragonsexist(存在).WhenTroublefindsoutNinadoesn’tbelieveinhimhestartssulking.Hewon’teveneathisfavoritepotatochips.Then,somethingterriblehappens—Troublestartstofade(逐漸消失)!WhatcanGeorgiado?ShemustcomeupwithaplantogetNinatobelieveinTrouble,buthowwillshegetNinatoseehimwhenhe’snotallowedtogetintoschool?WillNinabelievebeforeTroubledisappears?,ThislittlestoryistoldbyGeorgia,withherfunnycommentoneverythinghappeningaroundher.ThethoughtinyoungGeorgia’smindwillcertainlyringtrueforanyonewhohaslivedwithanimaginative(富于想象力的)six-to-eight-year-old!StephenMichaelKing’sfantasticpicturesbringoutthehumourandimaginationinthestoryandwillhelpreadersfallinlovewithGeorgiaandTrouble.ThisisthethirdbookintheTroubleseriesandlowerprimarykidswillloveit.,1.Inthebook,TroubleisD.A.astudentB.agirlC.aboyD.adragon2.NinathinksitisCwhenGeorgiatellsheraboutTrouble.A.interestingB.excitingC.impossibleD.amazing3.Theunderlinedword“sulking”hasthesamemeaningwiththeword“A”.A.angryB.fullC.hungryD.noisy,,,,4.Inthebook,GeorgiaB.A.hateseverythingthatisn’trealB.talksabouteverythinghappeningaroundherC.likeseatingpotatochipsverymuch.D.drawsmanypicturesofthedragons5.WhichisrightaboutTroubleandtheNewKid?BA.Thisbookisperfectforthemiddleschoolstudentstoread.B.Therearealotoffunnypicturesinthisbook.C.Youcanlearnalotaboutdifferentkindsoftroubleinthisbook.D.Therearefewcommentsinthisbook,soitisinteresting.,,,【主旨大意】文章主要介紹了《麻煩》系列之一《麻煩和新成員》的故事梗概及對該書的評價。1.D細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“WhenGeorgiatellsNinaaboutherdragon,Trouble”可知,Trouble是一條龍。2.C推理判斷題。由第二段的“Ninadoesn’tbelieveindragons.”可知,Nina不相信有龍,故判斷當Georgia告訴她關(guān)于Trouble的事的時候她認為是不可能的。3.A詞義猜測題。由下面兩句可知,Trouble不吃他最喜歡的薯條,然后開始逐漸消失。故判斷當Trouble發(fā)現(xiàn)Nina不相信他的時候,他很生氣。因此sulking意為“生氣”。4.B細節(jié)理解題。由第五段的“Georgia,withherfunnycommentoneverythinghappeningaroundher”可知,Georgia對她周圍發(fā)生的一切進行評論。故選B項。5.B細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段可知,這本書里有很多有趣的畫。故選B項。,【5】(2019預測)Zongziisnotjustafoodwithriceandotherdeliciousfoodinit,butoneofthesymbolsoftheDragonBoatFestivalinChina.Thefestivalisonthe5thdayofthefifthlunar(陰歷)month.ItistorememberthefamouspoetQuYuaninChinesehistory.Zongzi,orricedumpling,alsospeakstothetraditionofhomecookingindifferentplaces.Therearedifferentkindsofzongzi.Herearejustseveralexamples.,Themostfamous—JiaxingzongziJiaxingzongzi,namedafterthecityJiaxinginZhejiang,isthemostfamousfoodduringtheDragonBoatFestivalthankstoWufangzhai,thelargestzongzihere.Morethan6,000,000Wufangzhaizongziareonsaleinstoresacrossthecountryduringthefestival.AlsoJiaxinghasthefirstandtheonlymuseumofzongzi.Theoldest—Xi’anzongziThe“coldhoney”zongzihasthelongesthistoryinXi’an.Madewithrice,coldhoneyzongziwithoutfillings(餡)isagreatfoodduringthehotsummer.,Thelargest—NanningzongziEachNanningzongzimostlyisaboutonekilogram.Itisalsocalled“pillowzong”becauseofitslargesizeandthemiddlepartwithfillingsalittletallerthanthetwosides.AlsoinGuangxi,peopleoncemadethelargestzongziwith50-kilogramriceandmeat.Ifathree-personfamilyeatsit,itwilltakethemtwomonths.Thesmallest—ShanghaizongziThesmallestzongziisinShanghaicity.Itiscomfortablejustrightforamouth.SomepeopleliketoenjoyitwithacupofChinesetea.,1.DifferentChinesezongzicanalsoshowthedifferencesofChineseB.A.historyB.cultureC.sportsD.shopping2.YoucanvisitazongzimuseuminA.A.JiaxingB.Xi’anC.ShanghaiD.Nanning3.Ofallthefourkindsofzongzi,whichistheoldest?BA.Jiaxingzongzi.B.Xi’anzongzi.C.Nanningzongzi.D.Shanghaizongzi.,,,,4.WhichistheNanningzongzi?B,,5.ThepassagemainlytellsusC.A.thetraditionofDragonBoatFestivalB.themostfamousChinesefoodC.somedifferentkindsofzongziD.differentwaysofmakingzongzi,,【主旨大意】本文介紹了幾種中國最知名的粽子,即最著名的粽子——嘉興粽子、最古老的粽子——西安粽子、最大的粽子——南寧粽子和最小的粽子——上海粽子。1.B推理判斷題。由文章第一段可知,粽子是端午節(jié)的象征。故判斷不同的粽子代表了不同的中國飲食文化。故選B項。2.A細節(jié)理解題。由第四段的“theonlymuseumofzongzi”可知,唯一的粽子博物館在嘉興。故選A項。3.B細節(jié)理解題。由第五段的“Theoldest—Xi’anzongzi”可知,西安粽子是最古老的粽子。4.B推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段的“Itisalsocalled‘pillowzong’...themiddlepartwithfillingsalittletallerthanthetwosides.”可知,南寧粽子叫做枕頭粽子,中間餡料比兩邊的高。根據(jù)圖示判斷選B項。5.C主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了中國比較知名的粽子。故選C項。,